<s>
Automatic	B-General_Concept
identification	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
(	O
AIDC	O
)	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
methods	O
of	O
automatically	O
identifying	O
objects	O
,	O
collecting	O
data	B-General_Concept
about	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
entering	O
them	O
directly	O
into	O
computer	O
systems	O
,	O
without	O
human	O
involvement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technologies	O
typically	O
considered	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
AIDC	O
include	O
QR	O
codes	O
,	O
bar	O
codes	O
,	O
radio	B-Application
frequency	I-Application
identification	I-Application
(	O
RFID	B-Application
)	O
,	O
biometrics	O
(	O
like	O
iris	O
and	O
facial	O
recognition	O
system	O
)	O
,	O
magnetic	O
stripes	O
,	O
optical	B-Application
character	I-Application
recognition	I-Application
(	O
OCR	B-Application
)	O
,	O
smart	O
cards	O
,	O
and	O
voice	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIDC	O
is	O
also	O
commonly	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
Automatic	B-General_Concept
Identification	I-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
"	O
Auto-ID	B-General_Concept
"	O
and	O
"	O
Automatic	B-General_Concept
Data	I-General_Concept
Capture	I-General_Concept
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIDC	O
is	O
the	O
process	O
or	O
means	O
of	O
obtaining	O
external	O
data	B-General_Concept
,	O
particularly	O
through	O
the	O
analysis	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
images	I-General_Concept
,	O
sounds	O
,	O
or	O
videos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
capture	O
data	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
transducer	B-Algorithm
is	O
employed	O
which	O
converts	O
the	O
actual	O
image	O
or	O
a	O
sound	O
into	O
a	O
digital	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capturing	O
data	B-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
done	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
;	O
the	O
best	O
method	O
depends	O
on	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
biometric	O
security	O
systems	O
,	O
capture	O
is	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
or	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
acquiring	O
and	O
identifying	O
characteristics	O
such	O
as	O
finger	O
image	O
,	O
palm	O
image	O
,	O
facial	O
image	O
,	O
iris	O
print	O
,	O
or	O
voiceprint	O
which	O
involves	O
audio	O
data	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
the	O
rest	O
all	O
involve	O
video	O
data	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radio-frequency	B-Application
identification	I-Application
is	O
relatively	O
a	O
new	O
AIDC	O
technology	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
first	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technology	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
base	O
in	O
automated	O
data	B-General_Concept
collection	O
,	O
identification	O
,	O
and	O
analysis	O
systems	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RFID	B-Application
has	O
found	O
its	O
importance	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
markets	O
,	O
including	O
livestock	B-General_Concept
identification	I-General_Concept
and	O
Automated	B-Application
Vehicle	I-Application
Identification	I-Application
(	O
AVI	O
)	O
systems	O
because	O
of	O
its	O
capability	O
to	O
track	O
moving	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nearly	O
all	O
the	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
identification	I-General_Concept
technologies	O
consist	O
of	O
three	O
principal	O
components	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
comprise	O
the	O
sequential	O
steps	O
in	O
AIDC	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
encoder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
data	B-General_Concept
are	O
encoded	O
,	O
the	O
characters	O
are	O
translated	O
into	O
machine-readable	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
label	O
or	O
tag	O
containing	O
the	O
encoded	O
data	B-General_Concept
is	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
item	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
identified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
device	O
reads	O
the	O
encoded	O
data	B-General_Concept
,	O
converting	O
them	O
to	O
an	O
alternative	O
form	O
,	O
typically	O
an	O
electrical	O
analog	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
decoder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
component	O
transforms	O
the	O
electrical	O
signal	O
into	O
digital	O
data	B-General_Concept
and	O
finally	O
back	O
into	O
the	O
original	O
alphanumeric	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
useful	O
application	O
tasks	O
of	O
data	B-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
is	O
collecting	O
information	O
from	O
paper	O
documents	O
and	O
saving	O
it	O
into	O
databases	O
(	O
CMS	O
,	O
ECM	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
systems	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
types	O
of	O
basic	O
technologies	O
used	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
according	O
to	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
type	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
documents	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
divided	O
into	O
3	O
groups	O
:	O
structured	O
,	O
semi-structured	O
,	O
and	O
unstructured	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
easiest	O
type	O
for	O
data	B-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
because	O
every	O
data	B-General_Concept
field	O
is	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
place	O
for	O
all	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Capturing	O
data	B-General_Concept
from	O
these	O
documents	O
is	O
a	O
complex	O
,	O
but	O
solvable	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unstructured	B-Application
documents	O
(	O
letters	O
,	O
contracts	O
,	O
articles	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
global	O
association	O
Auto-ID	B-Application
Labs	I-Application
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1999	O
and	O
is	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
100	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
companies	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
such	O
as	O
Walmart	O
,	O
Coca-Cola	O
,	O
Gillette	O
,	O
Johnson	O
&	O
Johnson	O
,	O
Pfizer	O
,	O
Procter	O
&	O
Gamble	O
,	O
Unilever	O
,	O
UPS	O
,	O
companies	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
sector	O
of	O
technology	O
such	O
as	O
SAP	B-Application
,	O
Alien	O
,	O
Sun	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
five	O
academic	O
research	O
centers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Auto-ID	B-Application
Labs	I-Application
suggests	O
a	O
concept	O
of	O
a	O
future	O
supply	O
chain	O
that	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
of	O
objects	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
a	O
global	O
application	O
of	O
RFID	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
is	O
focused	O
on	O
miniaturization	O
(	O
aiming	O
for	O
a	O
size	O
of	O
0.3mm/chip	O
)	O
,	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
price	O
per	O
single	O
device	O
(	O
aiming	O
at	O
around	O
$0.05	O
per	O
unit	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
innovative	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
payment	O
without	O
any	O
physical	O
contact	O
(	O
Sony/Philips	O
)	O
,	O
domotics	O
(	O
clothes	O
equipped	O
with	O
radio	B-Application
tags	I-Application
and	O
intelligent	O
washing	O
machines	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
sporting	O
events	O
(	O
timing	O
at	O
the	O
Berlin	O
Marathon	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIDC	O
100	O
is	O
a	O
professional	O
organization	O
for	O
the	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
identification	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
(	O
AIDC	O
)	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
