<s>
Automatic	B-Device
Independent	I-Device
Surveillance	I-Device
–	I-Device
Privacy	I-Device
(	O
AIS-P	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
data	B-Protocol
packet	I-Protocol
protocol	O
for	O
the	O
TailLight	O
system	O
of	O
aircraft	B-Application
Traffic	I-Application
Collision	B-Protocol
Avoidance	I-Protocol
System	O
(	O
TCAS	O
)	O
,	O
wherein	O
a	O
single	O
Mode	O
S	O
64	O
microsecond	O
message	O
is	O
transmitted	O
by	O
an	O
aircraft	O
ATCRBS	O
or	O
Mode	O
S	O
transponder	O
,	O
and	O
received	O
by	O
aircraft	O
and	O
Air	B-Application
Traffic	I-Application
Control	I-Application
on	O
the	O
ground	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIS-P	O
and	O
ADS-B	B-Application
are	O
competing	O
protocols	O
for	O
aircraft	O
based	O
surveillance	O
of	O
traffic	O
,	O
a	O
replacement	O
technology	O
for	O
Mode	O
S	O
radar	O
and	O
TCAS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TailLight	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
addition	O
inside	O
General	O
Aviation	O
ATCRBS	O
transponders	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
AT-155	O
,	O
utilizes	O
the	O
AIS-P	O
protocol	O
to	O
achieve	O
all	O
intended	O
ADS-B	B-Application
advertised	O
collision	B-Protocol
avoidance	I-Protocol
benefits	O
in	O
the	O
airport	O
terminal	O
and	O
en	O
route	O
airspace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
interfere	O
with	O
any	O
other	O
avionic	O
systems	O
,	O
produces	O
a	O
system	O
capacity	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
335,000	O
aircraft	O
within	O
line-of-sight	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
interoperability	O
with	O
the	O
other	O
collision	B-Protocol
avoidance	I-Protocol
systems	O
,	O
without	O
exposing	O
the	O
aircraft	O
to	O
potential	O
attack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AIS-P	O
protocol	O
is	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
ADS-B	B-Application
and	O
Mode	O
S	O
based	O
TCAS	O
protocols	O
,	O
and	O
solves	O
the	O
problems	O
of	O
frequency	O
congestion	O
,	O
by	O
eliminating	O
a	O
requirement	O
for	O
multiple	O
packet	B-Protocol
messages	O
,	O
or	O
new	O
longer	O
packet	B-Protocol
definitions	O
for	O
ADS-B	B-Application
not	O
established	O
by	O
international	O
treaty	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
eliminating	O
the	O
24	O
bit	O
overhead	O
for	O
named	O
identity	O
in	O
each	O
packet	B-Protocol
of	O
the	O
message	O
(	O
required	O
to	O
tie	O
multiple	O
packets	B-Protocol
together	O
into	O
a	O
message	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
packet	B-Protocol
encodes	O
latitude	O
and	O
longitude	O
,	O
altitude	B-Application
,	O
direction	O
,	O
and	O
speed	O
(	O
full	O
position	O
and	O
velocity	O
)	O
,	O
handles	O
error	O
detection	O
and	O
recovery	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
channel	O
use	O
arbitration	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
AIS-P	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reduces	O
verbose	O
overhead	O
unnecessary	O
for	O
collision	B-Protocol
avoidance	I-Protocol
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
requirements	O
satisfied	O
by	O
the	O
AIS-P	O
protocol	O
is	O
that	O
a	O
missile	O
with	O
an	O
ADS-B	B-Application
type	O
target	O
homer	O
aimed	O
at	O
the	O
unnamed	O
aircraft	O
alone	O
in	O
the	O
sky	O
would	O
miss	O
.	O
</s>
