<s>
Autodesk	B-Application
Media	I-Application
and	I-Application
Entertainment	I-Application
is	O
a	O
division	O
of	O
Autodesk	O
which	O
offers	O
animation	O
and	O
visual	O
effects	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
formed	O
by	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
multiple	O
acquisitions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Montreal-based	O
Discreet	O
Logic	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
1991	O
by	O
former	O
Softimage	B-Device
Company	O
sales	O
director	O
Richard	O
Szalwinski	O
,	O
to	O
commercialize	O
the	O
2D	O
compositor	O
Eddie	O
,	O
licensed	O
from	O
Australian	O
production	O
company	O
Animal	O
Logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1992	O
,	O
Discreet	O
Logic	O
entered	O
into	O
a	O
European	O
distribution	O
agreement	O
with	O
Softimage	B-Device
,	O
and	O
shifted	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
Flame	B-Application
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
software-only	O
image	O
compositing	O
products	O
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Australian	O
Gary	O
Tregaskis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flame	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
originally	O
named	O
Flash	O
,	O
was	O
first	O
shown	O
at	O
NAB	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
ran	O
on	O
the	O
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
platform	O
,	O
and	O
became	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
flagship	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autodesk	O
originally	O
created	O
a	O
San	O
Francisco	O
multimedia	O
unit	O
in	O
1996	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
Kinetix	O
to	O
publish	O
3D	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
Max	I-Language
,	O
a	O
product	O
developed	O
by	O
The	O
Yost	O
Group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
combined	O
Discreet-branded	O
product	O
catalog	O
then	O
encompassed	O
all	O
the	O
Discreet	O
Logic	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
Flame	B-Application
,	O
Flint	O
,	O
Fire	O
,	O
Smoke	O
,	O
Effect	O
,	O
Edit	O
,	O
and	O
Kinetix	O
's	O
product	O
,	O
including	O
3D	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
Max	I-Language
,	O
Lightscape	O
,	O
Character	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2005	O
,	O
Autodesk	O
renamed	O
its	O
business	O
unit	O
Autodesk	B-Application
Media	I-Application
and	I-Application
Entertainment	I-Application
and	O
discontinued	O
the	O
Discreet	O
brand	O
(	O
still	O
headquartered	O
in	O
Montreal	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
it	O
acquired	O
technology	O
of	O
the	O
former	O
Softimage	B-Device
Company	O
from	O
Avid	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
Autodesk	O
acquired	O
image	O
tools	O
and	O
utilities	O
that	O
use	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
called	O
Pixlr	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
Avatars	O
visual	O
effects	O
were	O
created	O
with	O
Autodesk	B-Application
media	I-Application
and	I-Application
entertainment	I-Application
software	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Autodesk	O
software	O
also	O
played	O
a	O
role	O
in	O
the	O
visual	O
effects	O
of	O
Alice	O
in	O
Wonderland	O
,	O
The	O
Curious	O
Case	O
of	O
Benjamin	O
Button	O
,	O
Harry	B-Application
Potter	I-Application
and	I-Application
the	I-Application
Deathly	I-Application
Hallows	I-Application
–	I-Application
Part	I-Application
1	I-Application
,	O
Inception	O
,	O
Iron	B-Application
Man	I-Application
2	I-Application
,	O
King	O
Kong	O
,	O
Gladiator	O
,	O
Titanic	O
,	O
Life	O
of	O
Pi	O
,	O
Hugo	O
,	O
The	B-Application
Adventures	I-Application
of	I-Application
Tintin	I-Application
:	I-Application
The	I-Application
Secret	I-Application
of	I-Application
the	I-Application
Unicorn	I-Application
and	O
other	O
films	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2010	O
,	O
Ubisoft	O
announced	O
that	O
Autodesk	O
's	O
3D	B-Application
gaming	O
technology	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
Assassin	B-Application
's	I-Application
Creed	I-Application
:	I-Application
Brotherhood	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
division	O
's	O
products	O
include	O
Maya	B-Language
,	O
3ds	B-Language
Max	I-Language
(	O
the	O
new	O
name	O
of	O
3D	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
Max	I-Language
)	O
,	O
Softimage	B-Device
,	O
Mudbox	B-Application
,	O
MotionBuilder	B-Application
the	O
game	O
middleware	O
Kynapse	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
creative	O
finishing	O
products	O
Flame	B-Application
,	O
Flare	O
,	O
Lustre	O
,	O
Smoke	O
,	O
Stingray	O
game	O
engine	O
(	O
discontinued	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
supported	O
until	O
end	O
of	O
subscription	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Matchmover	O
,	O
now	O
bundled	O
with	O
3ds	B-Language
Max	I-Language
,	O
Maya	B-Language
and	O
Softimage	B-Device
,	O
Retimer	O
and	O
VTour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lightscape	O
,	O
real-time	O
radiosity	O
software	O
for	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
acquired	O
in	O
December	O
1997	O
by	O
Discreet	O
,	O
was	O
incorporated	O
in	O
3ds	B-Language
Max	I-Language
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
software	I-Application
could	O
only	O
be	O
bought	O
for	O
a	O
minimum	O
of	O
3	O
PCs	O
,	O
underlining	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
collaborative	O
,	O
database-driven	O
workflow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
its	O
collaborative	O
functions	O
and	O
databases	O
removed	O
,	O
and	O
renamed	O
"	O
Composite	O
"	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
bundled	O
with	O
Maya	B-Language
3ds	B-Language
Max	I-Language
,	O
and	O
Softimage	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Combustion	B-Application
-	O
acquired	O
as	O
Illuminaire	O
paint	O
and	O
composite	O
from	O
Denim	O
software	O
running	O
on	O
Windows	O
NT	O
and	O
Mac	O
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
unified	O
as	O
combustion	B-Application
,	O
a	O
desktop	O
shot	O
compositor	O
and	O
motion	O
graphics	O
application	O
for	O
Mac	O
OS	O
and	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shared	O
some	O
technologies	O
and	O
user	O
interface	O
elements	O
with	O
discreet	O
systems	O
based	O
products	O
(	O
flame	B-Application
,	O
smoke	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autodesk	O
Smoke	O
-	O
non-linear	O
video	O
editing	B-Application
software	I-Application
that	O
integrates	O
with	O
Flame	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
an	O
IBM	O
Linux	B-Application
workstation	O
,	O
2004	O
pricing	O
started	O
at	O
US$	O
68,000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
version	O
for	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
initially	O
priced	O
at	O
US$	O
14,995	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Inferno	O
,	O
Flame	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Flint	O
(	O
collectively	O
known	O
as	O
IFF	O
 '	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
compositing	O
and	O
visual	O
effects	O
applications	O
originally	O
created	O
for	O
MIPS	B-Device
architecture	I-Device
computers	O
from	O
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
(	O
SGI	O
)	O
,	O
running	O
Irix	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flame	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
1993	O
;	O
by	O
mid-1995	O
,	O
it	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
market	O
leader	O
in	O
visual	O
effects	O
software	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
price	O
around	O
US$175	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
or	O
US$	O
450,000	O
with	O
a	O
Silicon	O
Graphics	O
workstation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Time	O
with	O
the	B-Application
software	I-Application
was	O
typically	O
rented	O
at	O
a	O
post-production	O
house	O
with	O
an	O
operator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flame	B-Application
software	O
is	O
licensed	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
forms	O
,	O
including	O
Flint	O
,	O
a	O
lower-priced	O
version	O
of	O
Flame	B-Application
with	O
fewer	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
Inferno	O
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1995	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
intended	O
for	O
the	O
film	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
price	O
of	O
about	O
US$	O
225,000	O
without	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traditionally	O
Inferno	O
ran	O
on	O
the	O
SGI	B-General_Concept
Onyx	I-General_Concept
series	O
,	O
while	O
Flame	B-Application
and	O
Flint	O
ran	O
on	O
SGI	B-Application
Indigo²	I-Application
and	O
Octane	B-Device
workstations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flame/Inferno	O
were	O
implemented	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autodesk	O
said	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
more	O
powerful	O
hardware	O
allowed	O
complex	O
3D	B-Application
composites	O
to	O
be	O
rendered	O
more	O
than	O
20	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
on	O
the	O
previous	O
SGI	O
workstations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
movie	O
to	O
use	O
Flame	B-Application
was	O
Super	O
Mario	O
Bros.	O
;	O
the	B-Application
software	I-Application
was	O
then	O
still	O
in	O
beta	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
software	I-Application
also	O
saw	O
use	O
on	O
PBS	O
's	O
1995	O
graphics	O
package	O
,	O
designed	O
by	O
PMcD	O
Design	O
and	O
animated	O
by	O
Black	O
Logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1998	O
Academy	O
Scientific	O
and	O
Technical	O
Awards	O
Gary	O
Tregaskis	O
(	O
design	O
)	O
,	O
Dominique	O
Boisvert	O
,	O
Phillippe	O
Panzini	O
and	O
Andre	O
Le	O
Blanc	O
(	O
development	O
and	O
implementation	O
)	O
received	O
a	O
Scientific	O
and	O
Engineering	O
Award	O
for	O
Inferno	O
and	O
Flame	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flare	O
,	O
a	O
software-only	O
subset	O
of	O
Flame	B-Application
for	O
creative	O
assistants	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2009	O
at	O
around	O
one-fifth	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
a	O
full-featured	O
Flame	B-Application
seat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
application	O
was	O
first	O
packaged	O
as	O
a	O
plugin	B-Application
for	O
Flame	B-Application
product	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Colorstar	O
"	O
to	O
emulate	O
film	O
type	O
color	O
grading	O
using	O
printer	O
lights	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
then	O
developed	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
software	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
trials	O
,	O
Colossus	O
was	O
running	O
on	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
XP	I-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
same	O
code	O
base	O
was	O
also	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
IRIX	B-Operating_System
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2010	O
,	O
Autodesk	O
introduced	O
Flame	B-Application
Premium	O
2011	O
,	O
a	O
single	O
license	O
for	O
running	O
Flame	B-Application
,	O
Smoke	O
Advanced	O
and	O
Lustre	O
together	O
on	O
a	O
single	O
workstation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
launch	O
,	O
new	O
licenses	O
were	O
priced	O
from	O
US$	O
129,000	O
excluding	O
hardware	O
,	O
with	O
upgrades	O
from	O
existing	O
Flame	B-Application
licenses	O
priced	O
from	O
US$	O
10,000	O
.	O
</s>
