<s>
Arnold	B-Application
is	O
a	O
computer	O
program	O
for	O
rendering	O
three-dimensional	O
,	O
computer-generated	O
scenes	O
using	O
unbiased	B-Application
,	O
physically-based	O
,	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
path	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Created	O
in	O
Spain	O
by	O
Marcos	O
Fajardo	O
and	O
later	O
co-developed	O
by	O
his	O
company	O
Solid	O
Angle	O
SL	O
(	O
now	O
owned	O
by	O
Autodesk	O
)	O
and	O
Sony	O
Pictures	O
Imageworks	O
,	O
Arnold	B-Application
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
widely	O
used	O
photorealistic	B-Application
rendering	I-Application
systems	O
in	O
computer	O
graphics	O
worldwide	O
in	O
2021	O
,	O
specially	O
in	O
animation	O
and	O
VFX	O
for	O
film	O
and	O
TV	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
feature	O
films	O
that	O
have	O
used	O
Arnold	B-Application
include	O
Monster	O
House	O
,	O
Cloudy	O
with	O
a	O
Chance	O
of	O
Meatballs	O
,	O
Alice	O
in	O
Wonderland	O
,	O
Thor	O
,	O
Captain	O
America	O
,	O
X-Men	O
:	O
First	O
Class	O
,	O
The	O
Avengers	O
,	O
Space	O
Pirate	O
Captain	O
Harlock	O
,	O
Elysium	O
,	O
Pacific	O
Rim	O
,	O
Gravity	O
,	O
Guardians	O
of	O
the	O
Galaxy	O
,	O
Star	O
Wars	O
:	O
The	O
Force	O
Awakens	O
,	O
Arrival	O
and	O
Blade	O
Runner	O
2049	O
.	O
Notable	O
television	O
series	O
include	O
Game	B-Application
of	I-Application
Thrones	I-Application
,	O
Westworld	O
,	O
Trollhunters	O
,	O
LOVE	O
DEATH	O
+	O
ROBOTS	O
and	O
The	O
Mandalorian	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
written	O
in	O
C99	B-Language
and	O
progressively	O
rewritten	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Arnold	B-Application
runs	O
natively	O
on	O
x86	B-Operating_System
CPUs	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
tries	O
to	O
take	O
advantage	O
of	O
all	O
available	O
threads	O
and	O
SIMD	B-Device
lanes	O
for	O
optimal	O
parallelism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
March	O
2019	O
it	O
supports	O
Nvidia	O
RTX-powered	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
OptiX	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
ray	B-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
engine	O
is	O
optimized	O
to	O
send	O
billions	O
of	O
spatially	O
incoherent	O
rays	O
throughout	O
a	O
3D	O
scene	O
composed	O
of	O
geometric	O
primitives	O
including	O
polygons	O
,	O
hair	O
splines	O
,	O
and	O
volumes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
render	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
high-resolution	O
texture	O
maps	O
thanks	O
to	O
its	O
integration	O
of	O
the	O
OpenImageIO	B-Language
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
a	O
fully	O
programmable	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
uses	O
shaders	O
written	O
in	O
C++	B-Language
or	O
Open	B-Language
Shading	I-Language
Language	I-Language
to	O
define	O
the	O
materials	O
and	O
textures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arnold	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
Path	B-Algorithm
Tracing	I-Algorithm
algorithm	O
,	O
making	O
extensive	O
use	O
of	O
importance	B-Algorithm
sampling	I-Algorithm
and	O
other	O
numerical	O
techniques	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
quality	O
of	O
rendered	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marcos	O
Fajardo	O
is	O
the	O
chief	O
architect	O
of	O
Arnold	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
beginnings	O
of	O
what	O
is	O
now	O
Arnold	B-Application
emerged	O
in	O
1997	O
when	O
Fajardo	O
decided	O
to	O
write	O
his	O
own	O
renderer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
year	O
,	O
he	O
attended	O
SIGGRAPH	O
,	O
where	O
his	O
interest	O
in	O
stochastic	B-Algorithm
ray	I-Algorithm
tracing	I-Algorithm
(	O
a	O
foundational	O
part	O
of	O
Arnold	B-Application
's	O
rendering	O
technology	O
)	O
was	O
piqued	O
in	O
discussions	O
with	O
friends	O
attending	O
the	O
conference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Arnold	B-Application
emerged	O
when	O
one	O
of	O
Fajardo	O
's	O
friends	O
suggested	O
it	O
after	O
mocking	O
an	O
Arnold	B-Application
Schwarzenegger	O
film	O
they	O
saw	O
in	O
a	O
theater	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
Fajardo	O
entered	O
a	O
licensing	O
and	O
co-development	O
agreement	O
with	O
Sony	O
Pictures	O
Imageworks	O
,	O
which	O
resulted	O
in	O
separate	O
branches	O
for	O
the	O
commercial	O
and	O
proprietary	B-Application
versions	O
of	O
Arnold	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
commercial	O
version	O
was	O
integrated	O
via	O
plug-ins	O
into	O
several	O
DCC	O
packages	O
including	O
Softimage	O
,	O
Maya	B-Language
,	O
Katana	O
,	O
Cinema4D	O
,	O
and	O
Houdini	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Solid	O
Angle	O
SL	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
behind	O
Arnold	B-Application
,	O
was	O
founded	O
in	O
2009	O
in	O
Madrid	O
and	O
purchased	O
by	O
Autodesk	O
in	O
early	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arnold	B-Application
is	O
now	O
bundled	O
with	O
Maya	B-Language
and	O
3ds	B-Language
Max	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
21	O
October	O
2021	O
,	O
the	O
Television	O
Academy	O
recognized	O
Fajardo	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
colleagues	O
Alan	O
King	O
and	O
Thiago	O
Ize	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
Engineering	O
Emmy	O
statuette	O
for	O
the	O
Arnold	B-Application
Global	O
Illumination	O
Rendering	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
