<s>
Autocoder	B-Device
is	O
any	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
assemblers	B-Language
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
IBM	O
computers	O
of	O
the	O
1950s	O
and	O
1960s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Autocoders	B-Device
appear	O
to	O
have	O
been	O
the	O
earliest	O
assemblers	B-Language
to	O
provide	O
a	O
macro	O
facility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
autocoder	B-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
unrelated	O
autocode	B-Language
,	O
a	O
term	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
era	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
for	O
languages	O
of	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
,	O
derive	O
from	O
the	O
phrase	O
automatic	B-Application
coding	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
referred	O
generally	O
to	O
programs	O
which	O
eased	O
the	O
burden	O
of	O
producing	O
the	O
numeric	O
machine	B-Language
language	I-Language
codes	O
of	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
circles	O
"	O
autocoder	B-Device
"	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
generically	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
what	O
is	O
now	O
called	O
a	O
macro-assembler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Autocoders	B-Device
were	O
released	O
in	O
1955	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
702	I-Device
,	O
and	O
in	O
1956	O
for	O
the	O
almost	O
compatible	O
IBM	B-Device
705	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
designed	O
by	O
Roy	O
Goldfinger	O
who	O
earlier	O
had	O
worked	O
on	O
New	O
York	O
University	O
's	O
(	O
NYU	O
)	O
NYAP	O
assembler	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
machines	O
were	O
variable	O
word	O
length	O
commercial	O
machines	O
,	O
as	O
were	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
computers	O
for	O
which	O
an	O
Autocoder	B-Device
was	O
released	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
702	O
and	O
705	O
,	O
there	O
eventually	O
also	O
were	O
Autocoders	B-Device
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
1410	I-Device
and	O
7010	B-Device
,	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Device
7030	I-Device
(	O
Stretch	O
)	O
,	O
7070/7072/7074	B-Device
,	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	B-Device
7080	I-Device
,	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
1400	I-Device
series	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Symbolic	B-Language
Programming	I-Language
System	I-Language
(	O
SPS	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
assembler	B-Language
offered	O
when	O
IBM	O
originally	O
announced	O
1401	B-Device
as	O
a	O
punched-card-only	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SPS	O
had	O
different	O
mnemonics	O
and	O
a	O
different	O
fixed	O
input	O
format	O
from	O
Autocoder	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
lacked	O
Autocoder	B-Device
's	O
features	O
and	O
was	O
generally	O
used	O
later	O
only	O
on	O
machines	O
that	O
lacked	O
tape	O
drives	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
punched-card	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1401	B-Device
Autocoder	B-Device
is	O
the	O
most	O
well	O
known	O
Autocoder	B-Device
,	O
undoubtedly	O
due	O
in	O
part	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
success	O
of	O
that	O
series	O
of	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autocoder	B-Device
was	O
the	O
primary	O
language	O
of	O
this	O
computer	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
macro	O
capabilities	O
facilitated	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Input/Output	B-Application
Control	I-Application
System	I-Application
which	O
eased	O
the	O
programming	O
burden	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autocoder	B-Device
also	O
had	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
process	O
code	O
written	O
for	O
SPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1401	B-Device
was	O
available	O
in	O
six	O
memory	O
configurations	O
,	O
with	O
1400	O
,	O
2000	O
,	O
4000	O
,	O
8000	O
,	O
12000	O
,	O
or	O
16000	O
six-bit	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
8000-character	O
model	O
was	O
the	O
minimum	O
needed	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
full	O
Autocoder	B-Device
assembler	B-Language
application	O
,	O
including	O
IOCS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
a	O
language	O
subset	O
assembler	B-Language
was	O
available	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
as	O
little	O
as	O
1400	O
memory	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
loadable	O
object	B-Application
file	I-Application
,	O
on	O
punched	O
cards	O
or	O
magnetic	O
tape	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
produced	O
on	O
an	O
8000-character	O
model	O
which	O
could	O
then	O
be	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
4000-character	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popularity	O
of	O
Autocoder	B-Device
inspired	O
other	O
assemblers	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
‘’	O
Easycoder’’	O
for	O
the	O
Honeywell	B-Device
200	I-Device
,	O
a	O
computer	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
1401	B-Device
,	O
resembled	O
Autocoder	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
manufacturers	O
sometimes	O
built	O
competing	O
products	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
NCR	O
's	O
"	O
National	O
's	O
Electronic	O
Autocoder	B-Device
Technique	O
"	O
(	O
NEAT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pennsylvania	O
State	O
University	O
developed	O
a	O
"	O
Dual	O
Autocoder	B-Device
Fortran	O
Translator	O
"	O
(	O
DAFT	O
)	O
compiler	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
7074	I-Device
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
which	O
made	O
it	O
extremely	O
easy	O
to	O
write	O
(	O
within	O
a	O
single	O
program	O
)	O
lines	O
of	O
autocoder	B-Device
instructions	O
freely	O
interspersed	O
with	O
lines	O
of	O
Fortran	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allowed	O
symbolic	O
machine	B-Language
instruction	I-Language
level	O
coding	O
within	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
Fortran	O
program	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
especially	O
useful	O
for	O
optimizing	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
inner	O
loops	O
,	O
or	O
for	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
7074	I-Device
's	O
unusual	O
decimal	O
word	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bell	O
Laboratories	O
developed	O
a	O
program	O
called	O
"	O
Peripheral	O
Equipment	O
Symbolic	O
Translator	O
"	O
(	O
PEST	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
1401	B-Device
cross-assembler	O
that	O
ran	O
on	O
the	O
709/709x	O
and	O
accepted	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
1401	B-Device
Autocoder	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
copy	O
of	O
the	O
source	O
programs	O
for	O
SPS-1	O
,	O
SPS-2	O
and	O
Autocoder	B-Device
was	O
donated	O
to	O
the	O
Charles	O
Babbage	O
Institute	O
,	O
University	O
of	O
Minnesota	O
in	O
1985	O
,	O
by	O
Gary	O
Mokotoff	O
,	O
author	O
of	O
SPS	O
and	O
coauthor	O
of	O
Autocoder	B-Device
.	O
</s>
