<s>
Audification	B-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
auditory	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
technique	O
for	O
representing	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
data	O
values	O
as	O
sound	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audification	B-General_Concept
interprets	O
a	O
data	O
sequence	O
and	O
usually	O
a	O
time	O
series	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
audio	O
waveform	O
where	O
input	O
data	O
are	O
mapped	O
to	O
sound	O
pressure	O
levels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audification	B-General_Concept
typically	O
requires	O
large	O
data	O
sets	O
with	O
periodic	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audification	B-General_Concept
is	O
most	O
commonly	O
applied	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
most	O
direct	O
and	O
simple	O
representation	O
of	O
data	O
from	O
sound	O
and	O
to	O
convert	O
it	O
into	O
a	O
visual	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
idea	O
of	O
audification	B-General_Concept
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1992	O
by	O
Greg	O
Kramer	O
,	O
initially	O
as	O
a	O
sonification	B-General_Concept
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
audification	B-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
is	O
also	O
why	O
most	O
people	O
to	O
this	O
day	O
still	O
consider	O
audification	B-General_Concept
a	O
type	O
of	O
sonification	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
audification	B-General_Concept
is	O
to	O
allow	O
the	O
listener	O
to	O
audibly	O
experience	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
scientific	O
measurements	O
or	O
simulations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2007	O
study	O
by	O
Sandra	O
Pauletto	O
and	O
Andy	O
Hunt	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
York	O
suggested	O
that	O
users	O
were	O
able	O
to	O
detect	O
attributes	O
such	O
as	O
noise	O
,	O
repetitive	O
elements	O
,	O
regular	O
oscillations	O
,	O
discontinuities	O
,	O
and	O
signal	O
power	O
in	O
audification	B-General_Concept
of	O
time-series	O
data	O
to	O
a	O
degree	O
comparable	O
with	O
visual	O
inspection	O
of	O
spectrograms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
include	O
audification	B-General_Concept
of	O
seismic	O
data	O
and	O
of	O
human	O
neurophysiological	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Converting	O
ultrasound	B-Application
to	O
audible	O
sound	O
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
audification	B-General_Concept
that	O
provides	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
echolocation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
uses	O
in	O
the	O
medical	O
field	O
include	O
the	O
stethoscope	O
and	O
the	O
audification	B-General_Concept
of	O
an	O
EEG	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
of	O
electronic	O
music	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
considered	O
the	O
history	O
of	O
audification	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audification	B-General_Concept
is	O
of	O
interest	O
for	O
research	O
into	O
Auditory	O
Seismology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASA	O
has	O
used	O
audification	B-General_Concept
to	O
represent	O
radio	O
and	O
plasma	O
wave	O
measurements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
sonification	B-General_Concept
and	O
audification	B-General_Concept
are	O
representational	O
techniques	O
in	O
which	O
data	O
sets	O
or	O
its	O
selected	O
features	O
are	O
mapped	O
into	O
audio	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
audification	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
kind	O
of	O
sonification	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
term	O
which	O
encompasses	O
all	O
techniques	O
for	O
representing	O
data	O
in	O
non-speech	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
relationship	O
can	O
be	O
demonstrated	O
in	O
the	O
way	O
data	O
values	O
in	O
some	O
sonifications	B-General_Concept
that	O
directly	O
define	O
audio	O
signals	O
are	O
called	O
audification	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
