<s>
Attempto	B-General_Concept
Controlled	I-General_Concept
English	I-General_Concept
(	O
ACE	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
controlled	B-General_Concept
natural	I-General_Concept
language	I-General_Concept
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
ACE	O
can	O
serve	O
as	O
knowledge	O
representation	O
,	O
specification	B-Application
,	O
and	O
query	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
and	O
is	O
intended	O
for	O
professionals	O
who	O
want	O
to	O
use	O
formal	O
notations	O
and	O
formal	O
methods	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
familiar	O
with	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ACE	O
and	O
its	O
related	O
tools	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
fields	O
of	O
software	O
specifications	O
,	O
theorem	B-Application
proving	I-Application
,	O
text	B-Application
summaries	I-Application
,	O
ontologies	B-Language
,	O
rules	O
,	O
querying	O
,	O
medical	O
documentation	O
and	O
planning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regarding	O
the	O
list	O
of	O
examples	O
above	O
,	O
ACE	O
interpretation	O
rules	O
decide	O
that	O
(	O
1	O
)	O
is	O
interpreted	O
as	O
universally	O
quantified	O
,	O
while	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
is	O
interpreted	O
as	O
existentially	B-Algorithm
quantified	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DRS	O
can	O
be	O
further	O
translated	O
into	O
other	O
formal	O
languages	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
AceRules	O
with	O
various	O
semantics	O
,	O
OWL	B-Language
,	O
and	O
SWRL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Translating	O
an	O
ACE	O
text	O
into	O
(	O
a	O
fragment	O
of	O
)	O
first-order	O
logic	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
reason	O
about	O
the	O
text	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
to	O
verify	O
,	O
to	O
validate	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
query	B-Library
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Quantification	O
allows	O
us	O
to	O
speak	O
about	O
all	O
objects	O
of	O
a	O
certain	O
class	O
(	O
universal	O
quantification	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
denote	O
explicitly	O
the	O
existence	O
of	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
object	O
of	O
this	O
class	O
(	O
existential	B-Algorithm
quantification	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
textual	O
occurrence	O
of	O
a	O
universal	O
or	O
existential	B-Algorithm
quantifier	I-Algorithm
opens	O
its	O
scope	O
that	O
extends	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
sentence	O
,	O
or	O
in	O
coordinations	O
to	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
respective	O
coordinated	O
sentence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ACE	O
supports	O
two	O
forms	O
of	O
queries	B-Library
:	O
yes/no	O
-queries	O
and	O
wh-queries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yes/no	O
-queries	O
ask	O
for	O
the	O
existence	O
or	O
non-existence	O
of	O
a	O
specified	O
situation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
wh-queries	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
queries	B-Library
with	O
query	B-Library
words	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
interrogate	O
a	O
text	O
for	O
details	O
of	O
the	O
specified	O
situation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Queries	B-Library
can	O
also	O
be	O
constructed	O
by	O
a	O
sequence	O
of	O
declarative	O
sentences	O
followed	O
by	O
one	O
interrogative	O
sentence	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
:	O
</s>
