<s>
The	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
is	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
from	O
Atari	O
Corporation	O
and	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
family	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
520ST	I-Device
,	O
had	O
limited	O
release	O
in	O
April	O
–	O
June	O
1985	O
and	O
was	O
widely	O
available	O
in	O
July	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
personal	B-Device
computer	I-Device
with	O
a	O
bitmapped	O
color	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
using	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Digital	O
Research	O
's	O
GEM	B-Application
from	O
February	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	O
1040ST	B-Device
,	O
released	O
in	O
1986	O
with	O
1MB	O
of	O
RAM	O
,	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
home	O
computer	O
with	O
a	O
cost-per-kilobyte	O
of	O
less	O
than	O
US$1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
ST	O
"	O
officially	O
stands	O
for	O
"	O
Sixteen/Thirty	O
-two	O
"	O
,	O
referring	O
to	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
's	O
16-bit	B-Device
external	O
bus	O
and	O
32-bit	O
internals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alongside	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Acorn	B-Device
Archimedes	I-Device
,	O
the	O
ST	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
mid-1980s	O
generation	O
of	O
computers	O
with	O
16	O
-	O
or	O
32-bit	O
processors	O
,	O
256KB	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
RAM	O
,	O
and	O
mouse-controlled	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ST	O
was	O
sold	O
with	O
either	O
Atari	O
's	O
color	O
monitor	O
or	O
less	O
expensive	O
monochrome	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Color	O
graphics	O
modes	O
are	O
available	O
only	O
on	O
the	O
former	O
while	O
the	O
highest-resolution	O
mode	O
requires	O
the	O
monochrome	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
markets	O
,	O
particularly	O
Germany	O
,	O
the	O
ST	O
gained	O
a	O
foothold	O
for	O
CAD	B-Application
and	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
520ST	O
and	O
1040ST	B-Device
were	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
Mega	O
series	O
,	O
the	O
STE	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
portable	B-Device
STacy	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
Atari	O
released	O
three	O
final	O
evolutions	O
of	O
the	O
ST	O
,	O
with	O
significant	O
technical	O
differences	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
models	O
:	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
TT	I-Device
(	O
1990	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Mega	B-Device
STE	I-Device
(	O
1991	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Falcon	B-Device
(	O
1992	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
discontinued	O
the	O
entire	O
ST	O
computer	O
line	O
in	O
1993	O
,	O
shifting	O
its	O
entire	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
64-bit	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
video	I-Device
game	I-Device
system	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
was	O
born	O
from	O
the	O
rivalry	O
between	O
home	O
computer	O
makers	O
Atari	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
and	O
Commodore	O
International	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jay	O
Miner	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
designers	O
of	O
the	O
custom	O
chips	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
Atari	B-General_Concept
2600	I-General_Concept
and	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
family	I-Device
,	O
tried	O
to	O
convince	O
Atari	O
management	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
chipset	O
for	O
a	O
video	O
game	O
console	O
and	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
later	O
renamed	O
Amiga	B-Device
Corporation	O
,	O
pretended	O
to	O
sell	O
video	O
game	O
controllers	O
to	O
deceive	O
its	O
competition	O
while	O
it	O
developed	O
a	O
Lorraine-based	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amiga	B-Device
ran	O
out	O
of	O
capital	O
to	O
complete	O
Lorraine	O
's	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
Atari	O
,	O
by	O
then	O
owned	O
by	O
Warner	O
Communications	O
,	O
paid	O
Amiga	B-Device
to	O
continue	O
its	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
initially	O
considered	O
the	O
National	B-Device
Semiconductor	I-Device
NS32000	I-Device
microprocessor	O
,	O
but	O
were	O
disappointed	O
with	O
its	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
started	O
the	O
move	O
to	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
this	O
time	O
in	O
late	O
July	O
or	O
early	O
August	O
,	O
Leonard	O
Tramiel	O
discovered	O
the	O
original	O
Amiga	B-Device
contract	O
,	O
which	O
required	O
Amiga	B-Device
Corporation	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
Lorraine	O
chipset	O
to	O
Atari	O
on	O
June	O
30	O
,	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amiga	B-Device
Corp	O
.	O
had	O
sought	O
more	O
monetary	O
support	O
from	O
investors	O
in	O
early	O
1984	O
,	O
including	O
Tramel	O
Technology	O
,	O
which	O
wished	O
to	O
eliminate	O
nearly	O
everyone	O
at	O
Amiga	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amid	O
rumors	O
that	O
Tramiel	O
was	O
negotiating	O
to	O
buy	O
Atari	O
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
Corp	O
.	O
entered	O
discussions	O
with	O
Commodore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
led	O
to	O
Commodore	O
wanting	O
to	O
purchase	O
Amiga	B-Device
Corporation	O
outright	O
,	O
which	O
Commodore	O
believed	O
would	O
cancel	O
any	O
outstanding	O
contracts	O
,	O
including	O
Atari	O
's	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
Amiga	B-Device
Corp	O
.	O
delivering	O
Lorraine	O
to	O
Atari	O
,	O
Commodore	O
delivered	O
a	O
check	O
of	O
$	O
500,000	O
to	O
Atari	O
on	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
behalf	O
,	O
in	O
effect	O
returning	O
the	O
funds	O
Atari	O
invested	O
in	O
Amiga	B-Device
for	O
the	O
chipset	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tramiel	O
countered	O
by	O
suing	O
Amiga	B-Device
Corp	O
.	O
on	O
August	O
13	O
,	O
1984	O
,	O
seeking	O
damages	O
and	O
an	O
injunction	O
to	O
bar	O
Amiga	B-Device
(	O
and	O
effectively	O
Commodore	O
)	O
from	O
producing	O
anything	O
with	O
its	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Commodore	O
,	O
the	O
lawsuit	O
left	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
team	O
in	O
limbo	O
during	O
mid-1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
1984	O
,	O
Commodore	O
informed	O
the	O
team	O
of	O
reactivating	O
the	O
Lorraine	O
project	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
chipset	O
was	O
to	O
be	O
improved	O
,	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
OS	O
)	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
hardware	O
design	O
completed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commodore	O
announced	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
1000	I-Device
with	O
the	O
Lorraine	O
chipset	O
in	O
July	O
1985	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
delay	O
gave	O
Atari	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
many	O
former	O
Commodore	O
engineers	O
,	O
time	O
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
first	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
units	O
in	O
June	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
its	O
hardware	O
design	O
nearing	O
completion	O
,	O
the	O
Atari	O
team	O
started	O
looking	O
at	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soon	O
after	O
the	O
Atari	O
buyout	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
suggested	O
to	O
Tramiel	O
that	O
it	O
could	O
port	O
Windows	B-Application
to	O
the	O
platform	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
delivery	O
date	O
was	O
out	O
by	O
two	O
years	O
,	O
far	O
too	O
long	O
for	O
their	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
possibility	O
was	O
Digital	O
Research	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
working	O
on	O
a	O
new	O
GUI-based	O
system	O
then	O
known	O
as	O
Crystal	O
,	O
soon	O
to	O
become	O
GEM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
option	O
was	O
to	O
write	O
a	O
new	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
but	O
this	O
was	O
rejected	O
as	O
Atari	O
management	O
was	O
unsure	O
whether	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
the	O
required	O
expertise	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
's	O
Leonard	O
Tramiel	O
was	O
the	O
Atari	O
person	O
overseeing	O
"	O
Project	O
Jason	O
"	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
The	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
)	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
series	O
,	O
named	O
for	O
designer	O
and	O
developer	O
Jason	O
Loveman	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GEM	B-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
CP/M	B-Application
-68K	O
,	O
essentially	O
a	O
direct	O
port	O
of	O
CP/M	B-Application
to	O
the	O
68000	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
1985	O
,	O
CP/M	B-Application
was	O
becoming	O
increasingly	O
outdated	O
;	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
subdirectories	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	O
Research	O
was	O
also	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
building	O
GEMDOS	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
DOS-like	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
GEM	B-Application
,	O
and	O
debated	O
whether	O
a	O
port	O
of	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
completed	O
in	O
time	O
for	O
product	O
delivery	O
in	O
June	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
decision	O
was	O
eventually	O
taken	O
to	O
port	O
it	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
a	O
GEMDOS	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
which	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
Atari	B-Application
TOS	I-Application
(	O
for	O
"	O
The	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
"	O
,	O
colloquially	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
Tramiel	B-Application
Operating	I-Application
System	I-Application
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
gave	O
the	O
ST	O
a	O
fast	O
,	O
hierarchical	B-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
essential	O
for	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
and	O
provided	O
programmers	O
with	O
function	O
calls	O
similar	O
to	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
character	O
set	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
codepage	O
437	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
third-party	O
OSes	O
were	O
developed	O
for	O
,	O
or	O
ported	O
to	O
,	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
.	O
Unix	O
clones	O
include	O
Idris	B-Operating_System
,	O
Minix	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
MiNT	B-Application
OS	O
which	O
was	O
developed	O
specifically	O
for	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
its	O
similarities	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
Macintosh	B-Device
and	O
Tramiel	O
's	O
role	O
in	O
its	O
development	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
quickly	O
nicknamed	O
the	O
Jackintosh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
print	O
advertisements	O
stated	O
,	O
"	O
America	O
,	O
We	O
Built	O
It	O
For	O
You	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
quoted	O
Atari	O
president	O
Sam	O
Tramiel	O
:	O
"	O
We	O
promised	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
Atari	O
was	O
out	O
of	O
cash	O
,	O
Jack	O
Tramiel	O
admitted	O
that	O
sales	O
of	O
its	O
8-bit	B-Device
family	I-Device
were	O
"	O
very	O
,	O
very	O
slow	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
employees	O
feared	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
shut	O
the	O
company	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
ST	O
initially	O
shipped	O
without	O
TOS	B-Application
in	O
ROM	B-Device
and	O
required	O
booting	O
TOS	B-Application
from	O
floppy	B-Device
,	O
taking	O
206KB	O
RAM	O
away	O
from	O
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
models	O
have	O
six	O
ROM	B-Device
sockets	O
for	O
easy	O
upgrades	O
to	O
TOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
originally	O
intended	O
to	O
include	O
GEM	B-Application
's	O
GDOS	O
(	O
Graphical	O
Device	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
programs	O
to	O
send	O
GEM	B-Application
VDI	O
(	O
Virtual	O
Device	O
Interface	O
)	O
commands	O
to	O
drivers	O
loaded	O
by	O
GDOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
developers	O
to	O
send	O
VDI	O
instructions	O
to	O
other	O
devices	B-Application
simply	O
by	O
pointing	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
limited	O
set	O
of	O
GEM	B-Application
fonts	O
were	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
ROMs	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
ST	O
's	O
standard	O
8x8	O
pixel	O
graphical	O
character	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ST	O
was	O
less	O
expensive	O
than	O
most	O
contemporaries	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
Plus	I-Device
,	O
and	O
is	O
faster	O
than	O
many	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
and	O
terminal	B-Application
emulation	I-Application
software	O
was	O
much	O
cheaper	O
than	O
a	O
Digital	O
VT220	B-Device
terminal	O
,	O
commonly	O
needed	O
by	O
offices	O
with	O
central	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
business-software	O
companies	O
like	O
Lotus	O
,	O
Ashton-Tate	O
,	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
did	O
not	O
promise	O
software	O
for	O
either	O
the	O
ST	O
or	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
software	O
companies	O
were	O
hesitant	O
to	O
support	O
another	O
platform	O
beyond	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
,	O
Apple	O
,	O
and	O
Commodore	O
64	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Las	O
Vegas	O
COMDEX	O
in	O
November	O
1985	O
,	O
the	O
industry	O
was	O
surprised	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
30	O
companies	O
exhibiting	O
ST	O
software	O
while	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
had	O
almost	O
none	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Atlanta	O
COMDEX	O
,	O
The	O
New	O
York	O
Times	O
reported	O
that	O
"	O
more	O
than	O
100	O
software	O
titles	O
will	O
be	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
[ST],	O
most	O
written	O
by	O
small	O
software	O
houses	O
that	O
desperately	O
need	O
work	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
contrasted	O
the	O
"	O
small	O
,	O
little-known	O
companies	O
"	O
at	O
Las	O
Vegas	O
with	O
the	O
larger	O
ones	O
like	O
Electronic	O
Arts	O
and	O
Activision	O
,	O
which	O
planned	O
Amiga	B-Device
applications	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spinnaker	O
and	O
Lifetree	B-Protocol
were	O
more	O
positive	O
,	O
both	O
promising	O
to	O
release	O
ST	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lifetree	B-Protocol
said	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
are	O
giving	O
Atari	O
high	O
priority	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Software	O
Publishing	O
Corporation	O
,	O
were	O
unsure	O
of	O
whether	O
to	O
develop	O
for	O
the	O
ST	O
or	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
has	O
an	O
external	O
floppy	B-Device
drive	I-Device
(	O
SF354	O
)	O
and	O
AC	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
the	O
1040ST	B-Device
,	O
the	O
floppy	B-Device
drive	I-Device
and	O
power	O
supply	O
are	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
base	O
unit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
its	O
bi-directional	O
design	O
,	O
the	O
Centronics	B-Device
printer	I-Device
port	I-Device
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
joystick	O
input	O
,	O
and	O
several	O
games	O
used	O
available	O
adaptors	O
that	O
used	O
the	O
printer	O
socket	O
,	O
providing	O
two	O
additional	O
9-pin	O
joystick	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ST	O
supports	O
a	O
monochrome	B-Device
or	O
colour	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
monochrome	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
was	O
less	O
expensive	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
single	O
resolution	O
of	O
640	O
×	O
400	O
at	O
71.25Hz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
ST	O
games	O
require	O
colour	O
with	O
productivity	O
software	O
favouring	O
the	O
monochrome	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
initially	O
used	O
single-sided	O
3.5	O
inch	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drives	I-Device
that	O
could	O
store	O
up	O
to	O
360KB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
commercial	O
software	O
,	O
particularly	O
games	O
,	O
shipped	O
by	O
default	O
on	O
single-sided	B-Architecture
disks	I-Architecture
,	O
even	O
supplying	O
two	O
360	O
KB	O
floppies	B-Device
instead	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
double-sided	O
one	O
,	O
to	O
avoid	O
alienating	O
early	O
adopters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
magazine	O
coverdisks	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
30	O
issues	O
of	O
ST	O
Format	O
)	O
were	O
designed	O
this	O
way	O
,	O
as	O
were	O
a	O
few	O
games	O
-	O
the	O
music	O
in	O
Carrier	B-Application
Command	I-Application
and	O
the	O
intro	O
sequence	O
in	O
Populous	B-Application
were	O
not	O
accessible	O
to	O
single-sided	O
drives	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single-sided	O
systems	O
had	O
not	O
been	O
on	O
general	O
sale	O
since	O
mid-1988	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
late	O
1990	O
most	O
commercial	O
software	O
was	O
only	O
available	O
on	O
double-sided	B-Architecture
disks	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
STs	O
with	O
double-sided	O
drives	O
can	O
read	O
disks	O
formatted	O
by	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
,	O
but	O
IBM	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
can	O
not	O
read	O
Atari	O
disks	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
initial	O
versions	O
of	O
TOS	B-Application
can	O
recognize	O
,	O
read	O
,	O
and	O
write	O
to	O
(	O
but	O
not	O
create	O
)	O
disks	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
specification	O
used	O
by	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
because	O
of	O
differences	O
in	O
the	O
layout	O
of	O
data	O
on	O
track	O
0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
upgraded	O
the	O
basic	O
design	O
in	O
1986	O
with	O
the	O
1040STF	O
,	O
stylized	O
as	O
1040STF	O
:	O
essentially	O
a	O
520ST	O
with	O
double	O
the	O
RAM	O
and	O
with	O
the	O
power	O
supply	O
and	O
a	O
double-sided	O
floppy	B-Device
drive	I-Device
built-in	O
instead	O
of	O
external	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
joystick	O
and	O
mouse	B-Device
ports	O
,	O
formerly	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
,	O
are	O
in	O
a	O
niche	O
underneath	O
the	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
BYTE	O
magazine	O
's	O
March	O
1986	O
cover	O
photo	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
the	O
name	O
plate	O
reads	O
1040STFM	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
headline	O
and	O
article	O
it	O
's	O
simply	O
"	O
1040ST	B-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1040ST	B-Device
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
shipped	O
with	O
a	O
base	O
RAM	O
configuration	O
of	O
1MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
noted	O
that	O
the	O
1040ST	B-Device
is	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
with	O
one	O
megabyte	O
of	O
RAM	O
to	O
sell	O
for	O
less	O
than	O
$	O
2,500	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
limited	O
number	O
of	O
1040STFs	O
shipped	O
with	O
a	O
single-sided	O
floppy	B-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
West	O
Germany	O
became	O
Atari	O
's	O
strongest	O
market	O
,	O
with	O
small	O
business	O
owners	O
using	O
them	O
for	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
and	O
CAD	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
optional	O
20	O
MB	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
can	O
be	O
placed	O
below	O
or	O
above	O
the	O
main	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
custom	O
blitter	B-General_Concept
coprocessor	O
improved	O
some	O
graphics	O
performance	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
included	O
in	O
all	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Properly	O
written	O
applications	B-Application
using	O
the	O
GEM	B-Application
API	B-Application
automatically	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
blitter	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
1989	O
,	O
Atari	O
Corporation	O
released	O
the	O
520STE	O
and	O
1040STE	O
(	O
also	O
written	O
STE	O
)	O
,	O
enhanced	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
ST	O
with	O
improvements	O
to	O
the	O
multimedia	O
hardware	O
and	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
features	O
an	O
increased	O
color	O
palette	O
of	O
4,096	O
colors	O
from	O
the	O
ST	O
's	O
512	O
(	O
though	O
the	O
maximum	O
displayable	O
palette	O
without	O
programming	O
tricks	O
is	O
still	O
limited	O
to	O
16	O
in	O
the	O
lowest	O
320	O
×	O
200	O
resolution	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
fewer	O
in	O
higher	O
resolutions	O
)	O
,	O
Genlock	O
support	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
blitter	B-General_Concept
coprocessor	O
(	O
stylized	O
as	O
"	O
BLiTTER	B-General_Concept
"	O
)	O
which	O
can	O
quickly	O
move	O
large	O
blocks	O
of	O
data	O
(	O
particularly	O
,	O
graphics	O
data	O
)	O
around	O
in	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
STE	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
Atari	O
with	O
PCM	B-Algorithm
audio	I-Algorithm
;	O
using	O
a	O
new	O
chip	O
,	O
it	O
added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
play	O
back	O
8-bit	O
(	O
signed	O
)	O
samples	O
at	O
6258Hz	O
,	O
12517Hz	O
,	O
25033Hz	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
50066Hz	O
,	O
via	O
direct	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
(	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RAM	O
is	O
now	O
much	O
more	O
simply	O
upgradable	O
via	O
SIMMs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
enhanced	O
joystick	O
ports	O
were	O
re-used	O
in	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
console	O
and	O
are	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
STE	O
models	O
initially	O
had	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
conflicts	O
resulting	O
in	O
some	O
applications	B-Application
and	O
video	O
games	O
written	O
for	O
the	O
ST	O
line	O
being	O
unstable	O
or	O
even	O
completely	O
unusable	O
,	O
primarily	O
caused	O
by	O
programming	O
direct	O
hardware	O
calls	O
which	O
bypassed	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
even	O
having	O
a	O
joystick	O
plugged	O
in	O
would	O
sometimes	O
cause	O
strange	O
behavior	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
applications	B-Application
(	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
word-processor	O
application	O
1st	B-Protocol
Word	I-Protocol
Plus	I-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
STE	O
machine	O
,	O
the	O
Mega	B-Device
STE	I-Device
,	O
is	O
an	O
STE	O
in	O
a	O
grey	O
Atari	B-Device
TT	I-Device
case	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
switchable	O
16MHz	O
,	O
dual-bus	O
design	O
(	O
16-bit	B-Device
external	O
,	O
32-bit	O
internal	O
)	O
,	O
optional	O
Motorola	B-General_Concept
68881	I-General_Concept
FPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
built-in	O
1.44	O
MB	O
"	O
HD	O
"	O
3-inch	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
VME	B-Architecture
expansion	O
slot	O
,	O
a	O
network	O
port	O
(	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
used	O
by	O
Apple	O
's	O
LocalTalk	B-Device
)	O
and	O
an	O
optional	O
built-in	O
3	O
"	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
shipped	O
with	O
TOS	B-Application
2.00	O
(	O
better	O
support	O
for	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
enhanced	O
desktop	O
interface	O
,	O
memory	O
test	O
,	O
1.44MB	O
floppy	B-Device
support	O
,	O
bug	O
fixes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1990	O
,	O
Atari	O
released	O
the	O
high-end	O
workstation-oriented	O
Atari	B-Device
TT030	I-Device
,	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
32MHz	O
Motorola	B-Device
68030	I-Device
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
TT	O
"	O
name	O
(	O
"	O
Thirty-two/Thirty	O
-two	O
"	O
)	O
continued	O
the	O
nomenclature	O
because	O
the	O
68030	B-Device
chip	O
has	O
32-bit	O
buses	O
both	O
internally	O
and	O
externally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
planned	O
with	O
a	O
68020	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
TT	O
has	O
improved	O
graphics	O
and	O
more	O
powerful	O
support	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
case	O
has	O
a	O
new	O
design	O
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
hard-drive	B-Device
enclosure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
model	O
of	O
ST	O
computer	O
is	O
the	O
Falcon030	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
TT	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
68030-based	O
,	O
at	O
16MHz	O
,	O
but	O
with	O
improved	O
video	O
modes	O
and	O
an	O
on-board	O
Motorola	B-General_Concept
56001	I-General_Concept
audio	O
digital	B-Architecture
signal	I-Architecture
processor	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
play	O
the	O
STE	O
sample	O
frequencies	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
50066Hz	O
)	O
in	O
8	O
or	O
16	B-Device
bit	I-Device
,	O
mono	O
or	O
stereo	O
,	O
all	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
interface	O
as	O
the	O
STE	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
additions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
both	O
play	O
back	O
and	O
record	O
samples	O
,	O
with	O
8	O
mono	O
channels	O
and	O
4	O
stereo	O
channels	O
,	O
allowing	O
musicians	O
to	O
use	O
it	O
for	O
recording	O
to	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
68030	B-Device
microprocessor	I-Device
can	O
use	O
32-bit	O
memory	O
,	O
the	O
Falcon	B-Device
uses	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
bus	O
,	O
which	O
reduces	O
performance	O
and	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
another	O
cost-reduction	O
measure	O
,	O
Atari	O
shipped	O
the	O
Falcon	B-Device
in	O
an	O
inexpensive	O
case	O
much	O
like	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
STF	O
and	O
STE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
in	O
1992	O
,	O
the	O
Falcon	B-Device
was	O
discontinued	O
by	O
Atari	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
C-Lab	O
licensed	O
the	O
Falcon	B-Device
design	O
from	O
Atari	O
and	O
released	O
the	O
C-Lab	O
Falcon	B-Device
Mk	O
I	O
,	O
identical	O
to	O
Atari	O
's	O
Falcon	B-Device
except	O
for	O
slight	O
modifications	O
to	O
the	O
audio	O
circuitry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Mk	O
II	O
added	O
an	O
internal	O
500	O
MB	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
;	O
and	O
the	O
Mk	O
X	O
further	O
added	O
a	O
desktop	B-General_Concept
case	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
C-Lab	O
Falcons	B-Application
were	O
also	O
imported	O
to	O
the	O
US	O
by	O
some	O
Atari	O
dealers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
8-bit	I-Device
family	I-Device
of	O
computers	O
,	O
software	O
publishers	O
attributed	O
their	O
reluctance	O
to	O
produce	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
products	O
in	O
part	O
toas	O
Compute	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
year	O
,	O
WordPerfect	B-Application
threatened	O
to	O
discontinue	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
version	O
of	O
its	O
word	O
processor	O
because	O
the	O
company	O
discovered	O
that	O
pirate	O
bulletin	B-Application
board	I-Application
systems	I-Application
(	O
BBSs	O
)	O
were	O
distributing	O
it	O
,	O
causing	O
ST-Log	O
to	O
warn	O
that	O
"	O
we	O
had	O
better	O
put	O
a	O
stop	O
to	O
piracy	O
now	O
...	O
it	O
can	O
have	O
harmful	O
effects	O
on	O
the	O
longevity	O
and	O
health	O
of	O
your	O
computer	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
been	O
warned	O
by	O
competitors	O
that	O
releasing	O
a	O
game	O
like	O
Falcon	B-Device
on	O
the	O
ST	O
would	O
fail	O
because	O
BBSs	O
would	O
widely	O
disseminate	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
ST	O
market	O
was	O
smaller	O
than	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
,	O
it	O
was	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
piracy	O
which	O
,	O
Louie	O
said	O
,	O
seemed	O
to	O
be	O
better	O
organized	O
and	O
more	O
widely	O
accepted	O
for	O
the	O
ST	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
version	O
sold	O
in	O
six	O
weeks	O
twice	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
the	O
ST	O
version	O
in	O
nine	O
weeks	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
Mac	O
and	O
PC	O
versions	O
had	O
four	O
times	O
the	O
sales	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
popular	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Macintosh	B-Device
applications	B-Application
Cubase	B-Application
and	O
Logic	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
originated	O
on	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
(	O
the	O
latter	O
as	O
Creator	O
,	O
Notator	B-Application
,	O
Notator-SL	O
,	O
and	O
Notator	B-Application
Logic	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
popular	O
and	O
powerful	O
ST	O
music	O
sequencer	O
application	O
,	O
KCS	O
,	O
contains	O
a	O
"	O
Multi-Program	O
Environment	O
"	O
that	O
allows	O
ST	O
users	O
to	O
run	O
other	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
synthesizer	O
patch	O
editing	O
software	O
XoR	O
(	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
Unisyn	O
on	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
)	O
,	O
from	O
within	O
the	O
sequencer	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Music	B-Application
tracker	I-Application
software	O
became	O
popular	O
on	O
the	O
ST	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
TCB	O
Tracker	B-Application
,	O
aiding	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
quality	O
music	O
from	O
the	O
Yamaha	O
synthesizer	O
,	O
now	O
called	O
chiptunes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Replay	B-Device
Professional	I-Device
features	O
a	O
sound	O
sampler	O
using	O
the	O
ST	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
port	O
to	O
read	O
in	O
parallel	O
from	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
port	O
from	O
the	O
ADC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MasterTracks	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
originated	O
on	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
then	O
ST	O
,	O
then	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
continued	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
company	O
's	O
notation	O
applications	B-Application
Encore	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Professional	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
software	O
includes	O
PageStream	B-Device
and	O
Calamus	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Word	O
processors	O
include	O
WordPerfect	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Write	I-Application
,	O
AtariWorks	O
,	O
Signum	O
,	O
Script	O
and	O
First	O
Word	O
(	O
bundled	O
with	O
the	O
machine	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spreadsheets	O
include	O
3D-Calc	B-Application
,	O
and	O
databases	O
include	O
Zoomracks	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphics	O
applications	B-Application
include	O
NEOchrome	B-Application
,	O
DEGAS	B-Application
&	I-Application
DEGAS	I-Application
Elite	I-Application
,	O
Deluxe	B-Application
Paint	I-Application
,	O
STAD	O
,	O
and	O
Cyber	O
Paint	O
(	O
which	O
author	O
Jim	O
Kent	O
would	O
later	O
evolve	O
into	O
Autodesk	B-Application
Animator	I-Application
)	O
with	O
advanced	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
3D	O
design	O
and	O
animation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	O
computer	O
graphics	O
applications	B-Application
(	O
like	O
Cyber	B-Application
Studio	I-Application
CAD-3D	I-Application
,	O
which	O
author	O
Tom	O
Hudson	O
later	O
developed	O
into	O
Autodesk	O
3D	B-Language
Studio	I-Language
)	O
,	O
brought	O
3D	O
modelling	O
,	O
sculpting	O
,	O
scripting	O
,	O
and	O
computer	O
animation	O
to	O
the	O
desktop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
capture	O
and	O
editing	O
applications	B-Application
use	O
dongles	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
port	O
for	O
low	O
frame	O
rate	O
,	O
mainly	O
silent	O
and	O
monochrome	B-Device
,	O
but	O
progressed	O
to	O
sound	O
and	O
basic	O
color	O
in	O
still	O
frames	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
,	O
Spectrum	O
512	O
and	O
CAD-3D	O
teamed	O
up	O
to	O
produce	O
realistic	O
512-color	O
textured	O
3D	O
renderings	O
,	O
but	O
processing	O
was	O
slow	O
,	O
and	O
Atari	O
's	O
failure	O
to	O
deliver	O
a	O
machine	O
with	O
a	O
math	B-General_Concept
coprocessor	I-General_Concept
had	O
Hudson	O
and	O
Yost	O
looking	O
towards	O
the	O
PC	O
as	O
the	O
future	O
before	O
a	O
finished	O
product	O
could	O
be	O
delivered	O
to	O
the	O
consumer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphical	O
touchscreen	O
point	O
of	O
sale	O
software	O
for	O
restaurants	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
by	O
Gene	O
Mosher	O
under	O
the	O
ViewTouch	O
copyright	O
and	O
trademark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
using	O
GEM	B-Application
,	O
he	O
developed	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
and	O
widget	O
framework	O
for	O
the	O
application	O
using	O
the	O
NEOchrome	B-Application
paint	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
520ST	O
was	O
bundled	O
with	O
both	O
Digital	O
Research	O
Logo	B-Device
and	O
Atari	B-Language
ST	I-Language
BASIC	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
BASIC	O
systems	O
with	O
better	O
performance	O
were	O
eventually	O
released	O
:	O
HiSoft	O
BASIC	O
,	O
GFA	B-Device
BASIC	I-Device
,	O
FaST	O
BASIC	O
,	O
DBASIC	O
,	O
LDW	O
BASIC	O
,	O
Omikron	O
BASIC	O
,	O
BASIC	O
1000D	O
and	O
STOS	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
later	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
Omikron	O
Basic	O
was	O
bundled	O
with	O
it	O
in	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
a	O
resource	O
kit	O
,	O
C	O
compiler	O
(	O
first	O
Alcyon	O
C	O
,	O
then	O
Mark	O
Williams	O
C	O
)	O
,	O
debugger	O
,	O
68000	B-Device
assembler	O
,	O
and	O
non-disclosure	O
agreement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third-party	O
Megamax	B-Operating_System
C	I-Operating_System
development	O
package	O
was	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
development	O
tools	O
include	O
68000	B-Device
assemblers	O
(	O
MadMac	O
from	O
Atari	O
,	O
HiSoft	B-Device
Systems	I-Device
's	O
Devpac	O
,	O
TurboAss	O
,	O
GFA-Assembler	O
)	O
,	O
Pascal	O
(	O
OSS	O
Personal	O
Pascal	O
,	O
Maxon	O
Pascal	O
,	O
PurePascal	O
)	O
,	O
Modula-2	B-Language
,	O
C	O
compilers	O
(	O
Lattice	B-Device
C	I-Device
,	O
Pure	O
C	O
,	O
Megamax	B-Operating_System
C	I-Operating_System
,	O
GNU	B-Application
C	I-Application
,	O
Aztec	O
C	O
,	O
AHCC	O
)	O
,	O
LISP	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Prolog	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
realtime	O
pseudo-3D	O
role-playing	O
video	O
game	O
Dungeon	B-Device
Master	I-Device
,	O
was	O
developed	O
and	O
released	O
first	O
on	O
the	O
ST	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
best-selling	O
software	O
ever	O
produced	O
for	O
the	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simulation	O
games	O
like	O
Falcon	B-Device
and	O
Flight	B-Application
Simulator	I-Application
II	I-Application
use	O
the	O
ST	O
's	O
graphics	O
hardware	O
,	O
as	O
do	O
many	O
arcade	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1987	O
first	O
person	O
shooter	O
,	O
MIDI	B-Application
Maze	I-Application
,	O
uses	O
the	O
MIDI	O
ports	O
to	O
connect	O
up	O
to	O
16	O
machines	O
for	O
networked	O
deathmatch	O
play	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
critically	O
acclaimed	O
Another	B-Application
World	I-Application
was	O
originally	O
released	O
for	O
ST	O
and	O
Amiga	B-Device
in	O
1991	O
with	O
its	O
engine	O
developed	O
on	O
the	O
ST	O
and	O
the	O
rotoscoped	O
animation	O
created	O
on	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Games	O
simultaneously	O
released	O
on	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
that	O
do	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
superior	O
graphics	O
and	O
sound	O
capabilities	O
were	O
often	O
accused	O
by	O
video	O
game	O
magazines	O
of	O
simply	O
being	O
ST	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Garry	O
Kasparov	O
became	O
the	O
first	O
chess	B-Application
player	O
to	O
register	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
ChessBase	O
,	O
a	O
popular	O
commercial	O
database	O
program	O
for	O
storing	O
and	O
searching	O
records	O
of	O
chess	B-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
was	O
built	O
for	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
with	O
his	O
collaboration	O
in	O
January	O
1987	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
his	O
autobiography	O
Child	O
of	O
Change	O
,	O
he	O
regards	O
this	O
facility	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
most	O
important	O
development	O
in	O
chess	B-Application
research	O
since	O
printing	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spectre	B-Device
GCR	I-Device
emulates	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
MS-DOS	B-Application
emulators	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PC-Ditto	O
has	O
a	O
software-only	O
version	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
hardware	O
version	O
that	O
plugs	O
into	O
the	O
cartridge	B-Protocol
slot	O
or	O
kludges	O
internally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
running	O
the	O
software	O
,	O
an	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
boot	O
disk	O
is	O
required	O
to	O
load	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
run	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
programs	O
in	O
CGA	B-Device
mode	O
,	O
though	O
much	O
more	O
slowly	O
than	O
on	O
an	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
options	O
are	O
the	O
PC-Speed	O
(	O
NEC	B-Device
V30	I-Device
)	O
,	O
AT-Spee	O
(	O
Intel	B-General_Concept
80286	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
and	O
ATonce-386SX	O
(	O
Intel	O
80386SX	O
)	O
hardware	O
emulator	O
boards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prominent	O
Russian	O
film	O
music	O
and	O
song	O
composer	O
Aleksandr	O
Zatsepin	O
started	O
using	O
personal	B-Device
computers	I-Device
for	O
work	O
with	O
Atari	O
1040ST	B-Device
and	O
continued	O
using	O
Cubase	B-Application
and	O
Vienna	O
Symphonic	O
Library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
German	O
electronic	O
music	O
pioneers	O
Tangerine	O
Dream	O
relied	O
heavily	O
on	O
the	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
in	O
the	O
studio	O
and	O
for	O
live	O
performances	O
during	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
and	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
album	O
notes	O
for	O
Mike	O
Oldfield	O
's	O
Earth	O
Moving	O
state	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
recorded	O
using	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
and	O
C-Lab	O
MIDI	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Fatboy	O
Slim	O
album	O
You	O
've	O
Come	O
a	O
Long	O
Way	O
,	O
Baby	O
was	O
created	O
using	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Electronic	O
music	O
artists	O
Mike	O
Paradinas	O
and	O
Luke	O
Vibert	O
started	O
out	O
writing	O
music	O
on	O
Atari	B-Device
STs	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
Paris	O
performance	O
of	O
Jean	O
Michel	O
Jarre	O
's	O
album	O
Waiting	O
for	O
Cousteau	O
,	O
the	O
Paris	O
La	O
Défense	O
–	O
Une	O
Ville	O
En	O
Concert	O
,	O
musicians	O
have	O
attached	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
machines	O
with	O
C-Lab	O
Unitor	O
software	O
to	O
their	O
keyboards	O
,	O
as	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
TV	O
live	O
show	O
and	O
video	O
recordings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
White	O
Town	O
's	O
"	O
Your	O
Woman	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
reached	O
#1	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
singles	O
charts	O
,	O
was	O
created	O
using	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Utah	O
Saints	O
used	O
a	O
520ST	O
and	O
1040ST	B-Device
running	O
Cubase	B-Application
during	O
the	O
recording	O
of	O
both	O
of	O
their	O
albums	O
,	O
Utah	O
Saints	O
and	O
Two	O
,	O
with	O
their	O
1040ST	B-Device
still	O
occasionally	O
used	O
for	O
re-recording	O
or	O
remixing	O
early	O
tracks	O
up	O
to	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	O
Teenage	O
Riot	O
is	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
brand	O
and	O
programmed	O
most	O
music	O
on	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
including	O
the	O
entire	O
album	O
Is	O
This	O
Hyperreal	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Cabaret	O
Voltaire	O
founder	O
Richard	O
H	O
.	O
Kirk	O
said	O
in	O
2016	O
that	O
he	O
continues	O
to	O
write	O
music	O
on	O
an	O
Atari	O
1040ST	B-Device
with	O
a	O
sequencer	O
called	O
C-Lab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Darude	O
used	O
Cubase	B-Application
on	O
an	O
Atari	O
1040ST	B-Device
when	O
he	O
created	O
his	O
2000	O
hit	O
"	O
Sandstorm	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Depeche	O
Mode	O
used	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
and	O
Cubase	B-Application
in	O
the	O
studio	O
during	O
the	O
production	O
of	O
Songs	O
of	O
Faith	O
and	O
Devotion	O
in	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Record	O
producer	O
Jimmy	O
Hotz	O
used	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
to	O
produce	O
Fleetwood	O
Mac	O
's	O
"	O
Tango	O
In	O
The	O
Night	O
"	O
album	O
,	O
and	O
records	O
for	O
B.B.	O
</s>
<s>
British	O
synth	O
pop	O
duo	O
Pet	O
Shop	O
Boys	O
replaced	O
their	O
Fairlight	O
CMI	O
with	O
an	O
Atari	B-Device
ST	I-Device
,	O
with	O
their	O
programmer	O
Pete	O
Gleadall	O
saying	O
"	O
[	O
Atari	O
ST ]	O
was	O
just	O
much	O
easier	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ST	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
"	O
Memory	B-General_Concept
Management	I-General_Concept
Unit	I-General_Concept
"	O
:	O
Provides	O
signals	O
needed	O
for	O
CPU/blitter/DMA	O
and	O
Shifter	O
to	O
access	O
dynamic	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
memory	O
accesses	O
are	O
given	O
to	O
CPU/blitter/DMA	O
while	O
odd	O
cycles	O
are	O
reserved	O
for	O
DRAM	O
refresh	O
or	O
used	O
by	O
Shifter	O
for	O
displaying	O
contents	O
of	O
the	O
frame	O
buffer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ST	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
"	O
Direct	B-General_Concept
Memory	I-General_Concept
Access	I-General_Concept
"	O
:	O
Used	O
for	O
floppy	B-Device
and	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
data	O
transfers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MC6850P	O
ACIA	O
"	O
Asynchronous	O
Common	O
Interface	O
Adapter	O
"	O
:	O
Enables	O
the	O
ST	O
to	O
directly	O
communicate	O
with	O
MIDI	O
devices	B-Application
and	O
keyboard	O
(	O
two	O
chips	O
used	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	B-Device
TT030	I-Device
has	O
two	O
MFP	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WD-1772-PH	B-Device
"	O
Western	O
Digital	O
Floppy	B-Device
Disk	I-Device
Controller	O
"	O
:	O
Floppy	B-Device
controller	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
YM2149F	B-Device
PSG	I-Device
"	O
Programmable	O
Sound	O
Generator	O
"	O
:	O
Provides	O
three-voice	O
sound	O
synthesis	O
,	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
floppy	B-Device
signalling	O
,	O
serial	O
control	O
output	O
and	O
printer	O
parallel	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HD6301V1	O
"	O
Hitachi	O
keyboard	O
processor	O
"	O
:	O
Used	O
for	O
keyboard	O
scanning	O
and	O
mouse/joystick	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CPU	B-General_Concept
:	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
16-/32	O
-bit	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
@	O
8MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
16-bit	B-Device
data/32	O
-bit	O
internal/24	O
-bit	O
address	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Display	O
modes	O
(	O
60Hz	O
NTSC	O
,	O
50Hz	O
PAL	O
,	O
71.2Hz	O
monochrome	B-Device
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Drive	O
:	O
Single-sided	O
3	O
"	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
,	O
360KB	O
capacity	O
when	O
formatted	O
to	O
standard	O
9	O
sector	O
,	O
80	O
track	O
layout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Very	O
early	O
machines	O
have	O
the	O
OS	O
on	O
a	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
before	O
a	O
final	O
version	O
was	O
burned	O
into	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
of	O
TOS	B-Application
was	O
bootstrapped	O
from	O
a	O
small	O
core	O
boot	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1986	O
,	O
most	O
production	O
models	O
became	O
STFs	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
single	O
-	O
(	O
520STF	O
)	O
or	O
double-sided	O
(	O
1040STF	O
)	O
double	O
density	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
built-in	O
,	O
but	O
no	O
other	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
F	O
and	O
FM	O
models	O
of	O
the	O
520	O
had	O
a	O
built-in	O
double-sided	B-Architecture
disk	I-Architecture
drive	O
instead	O
of	O
a	O
single-sided	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Memory	O
:	O
30-pin	O
SIMM	B-General_Concept
memory	O
slots	O
(	O
SIPP	B-General_Concept
packages	O
in	O
earliest	O
versions	O
)	O
allowing	O
upgrades	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
MB	O
Allowable	O
memory	O
sizes	O
including	O
only	O
0.5	O
,	O
1.0	O
,	O
2.0	O
,	O
2.5	O
and	O
4.0	O
MB	O
due	O
to	O
configuration	O
restraints	O
(	O
however	O
,	O
2.5	O
MB	O
is	O
not	O
officially	O
supported	O
and	O
has	O
compatibility	O
problems	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
third-party	O
upgrade	O
kits	O
allow	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
14MB	O
,	O
bypassing	O
the	O
stock	O
MMU	B-General_Concept
with	O
a	O
replacement	O
unit	O
and	O
the	O
additional	O
chips	O
on	O
a	O
separate	O
board	O
fitting	O
over	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analogue	O
joypad	O
ports	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
devices	B-Application
such	O
as	O
paddles	O
and	O
light	O
pens	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
joysticks/joypads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Atari	B-Device
Jaguar	I-Device
joypads	O
and	O
Power	O
Pad	O
joypads	O
(	O
gray	O
version	O
of	O
Jaguar	B-Device
joypads	O
marketed	O
for	O
the	O
STE	O
and	O
Falcon	B-Device
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
without	O
an	O
adapter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TOS	B-Application
1.06	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
TOS	B-Application
1.6	O
)	O
or	O
TOS	B-Application
1.62	O
(	O
which	O
fixed	O
some	O
major	O
backwards-compatibility	O
bugs	O
in	O
TOS	B-Application
1.6	O
)	O
in	O
two	O
socketed	O
128KB	O
ROM	B-Device
chips	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
520ST	O
Original	O
model	O
with	O
512KB	O
RAM	O
,	O
external	O
power	O
supply	O
,	O
no	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
early	O
models	O
had	O
only	O
a	O
bootstrap	O
ROM	B-Device
and	O
TOS	B-Application
had	O
to	O
be	O
loaded	O
from	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
early	O
520STs	O
were	O
sold	O
with	O
TOS	B-Application
on	O
disk	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
up	O
192KB	O
of	O
RAM	O
,	O
the	O
machine	O
only	O
had	O
around	O
256	O
KB	O
left	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
520STFM	O
a	O
520STM	O
with	O
a	O
redesigned	O
motherboard	O
in	O
a	O
larger	O
case	O
with	O
a	O
built-in	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
(	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
a	O
single-sided	O
drive	O
only	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
512KB	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mega	O
ST	O
(	O
MEGA	O
1	O
,	O
MEGA	O
2	O
,	O
MEGA	O
4	O
)	O
redesigned	O
motherboard	O
with	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
or	O
4MB	O
of	O
RAM	O
,	O
respectively	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
much	O
improved	O
"	O
pizza	B-General_Concept
box	I-General_Concept
"	O
case	O
with	O
a	O
detached	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
MEGA	O
mainboards	O
have	O
a	O
PLCC	B-Algorithm
socket	O
for	O
the	O
BLiTTER	B-General_Concept
chip	I-General_Concept
and	O
some	O
early	O
models	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
the	O
BLiTTER	B-General_Concept
chip	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
STacy	B-Device
a	O
portable	B-Device
(	O
but	O
definitely	O
not	O
laptop	B-Device
)	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
ST	O
with	O
the	O
complete	O
ST	O
keyboard	O
,	O
an	O
LCD	O
screen	O
simulating	O
640x400	O
hi-res	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
mini-trackball	O
intended	O
mostly	O
for	O
travelers	O
and	O
musicians	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
backlit	O
screen	O
and	O
its	O
built-in	O
midi	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
designed	O
to	O
operate	O
on	O
12	O
standard	O
C	B-Algorithm
cell	I-Algorithm
flashlight	O
batteries	O
for	O
portability	O
,	O
when	O
Atari	O
finally	O
realized	O
how	O
quickly	O
the	O
machine	O
would	O
use	O
up	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
batteries	O
(	O
especially	O
when	O
rechargeable	O
batteries	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
supplied	O
insufficient	O
power	O
compared	O
to	O
the	O
intended	O
alkalines	O
)	O
,	O
they	O
simply	O
glued	O
the	O
lid	O
of	O
the	O
battery	O
compartment	O
shut	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ST	B-Device
BOOK	I-Device
a	O
later	O
portable	B-Device
ST	O
,	O
more	O
portable	B-Device
than	O
the	O
STacy	B-Device
,	O
but	O
sacrificing	O
several	O
features	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
this	O
,	O
notably	O
the	O
backlight	O
and	O
internal	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Files	O
were	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
stored	O
on	O
a	O
small	O
amount	O
(	O
one	O
megabyte	O
)	O
of	O
internal	O
flash	B-Device
memory	I-Device
'	O
on	O
the	O
road	O
 '	O
and	O
transferred	O
using	O
serial	O
or	O
parallel	O
links	O
,	O
memory	O
flashcards	O
or	O
external	O
(	O
and	O
externally	O
powered	O
)	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
to	O
a	O
desktop	O
ST	O
once	O
back	O
indoors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Atari	B-Device
Transputer	I-Device
Workstation	I-Device
is	O
a	O
standalone	O
machine	O
developed	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
Perihelion	O
Hardware	O
,	O
containing	O
modified	O
ST	O
hardware	O
and	O
up	O
to	O
17	O
transputers	B-General_Concept
capable	O
of	O
massively	B-Operating_System
parallel	I-Operating_System
operations	O
for	O
tasks	O
such	O
as	O
ray	O
tracing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
Atari	O
's	O
departure	O
from	O
the	O
computer	O
market	O
,	O
both	O
Medusa	O
Computer	O
Systems	O
and	O
Milan	O
Computer	O
manufactured	O
Atari	O
Falcon/TT	O
-compatible	O
machines	O
with	O
68040	B-Device
and	O
68060	B-General_Concept
processors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FireBee	B-Device
is	O
an	O
Atari	O
ST/TT	O
clone	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Coldfire	B-Device
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PS3000	O
:	O
Combined	O
12-inch	O
color	O
monitor	O
and	O
360k	B-Device
3-inch	O
floppy	B-Device
drive	I-Device
(	O
SF354	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SM195	O
:	O
Monochrome	B-Device
monitor	I-Device
,	O
19-inch	O
screen	O
for	O
TT030	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
SLM605	O
:	O
Laser	O
printer	O
,	O
connected	O
through	O
ACSI	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
port	O
,	O
smaller	O
than	O
SLM805	O
.	O
</s>
