<s>
The	O
core	O
idea	O
of	O
Artificial	B-Architecture
Intelligence	I-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
integration	I-Architecture
is	O
making	O
individual	O
software	O
components	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
speech	B-Application
synthesizers	I-Application
,	O
interoperable	O
with	O
other	O
components	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
common	B-General_Concept
sense	I-General_Concept
knowledgebases	I-General_Concept
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
create	O
larger	O
,	O
broader	O
and	O
more	O
capable	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
methods	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
proposed	O
for	O
integration	O
are	O
message	O
routing	O
,	O
or	O
communication	O
protocols	O
that	O
the	O
software	O
components	O
use	O
to	O
communicate	O
with	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
often	O
through	O
a	O
middleware	O
blackboard	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
systems	O
involve	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
integrated	O
technologies	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
technologies	O
with	O
that	O
of	O
speech	O
recognition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
recent	O
attention	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
integration	O
is	O
attracting	O
is	O
that	O
there	O
have	O
already	O
been	O
created	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
(	O
relatively	O
)	O
simple	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
systems	O
for	O
specific	O
problem	O
domains	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
,	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
integrating	O
what	O
's	O
already	O
available	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
logical	O
approach	O
to	O
broader	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
focus	O
on	O
systems	O
 '	O
integration	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
regard	O
to	O
modular	O
approaches	O
,	O
derive	O
from	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
most	O
intelligences	O
of	O
significant	O
scales	O
are	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
multitude	O
of	O
processes	O
and/or	O
utilize	O
multi-modal	B-Application
input	O
and	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
humanoid-type	O
of	O
intelligence	O
would	O
preferably	O
have	O
to	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
talk	O
using	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
,	O
hear	O
using	O
speech	O
recognition	O
,	O
understand	O
using	O
a	O
logical	O
(	O
or	O
some	O
other	O
undefined	O
)	O
mechanism	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
forth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
produce	O
artificially	B-Application
intelligent	I-Application
software	O
of	O
broader	O
intelligence	O
,	O
integration	O
of	O
these	O
modalities	O
is	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
collaboration	O
in	O
fields	O
of	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
This	O
presents	O
practitioners	O
of	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
systems	O
integration	O
with	O
a	O
substantial	O
problem	O
and	O
often	O
causes	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
Even	O
more	O
damaging	O
is	O
the	O
"	O
not	O
invented	O
here	O
"	O
syndrome	O
,	O
which	O
manifests	O
itself	O
in	O
a	O
strong	O
reluctance	O
of	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
outcome	O
of	O
this	O
in	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
large	O
set	O
of	O
"	O
solution	O
islands	O
"	O
:	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
increased	O
popularity	O
of	O
the	O
free	O
software	O
movement	O
,	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
being	O
created	O
,	O
including	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
Many	O
online	O
communities	O
for	O
A.I.	B-Application
</s>
<s>
is	O
a	O
formal	O
methodology	O
proposed	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
cognitive	O
robotics	O
,	O
communicative	O
humanoids	O
and	O
broad	O
AI	B-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
