<s>
Artificial	B-General_Concept
human	I-General_Concept
companions	I-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
hardware	O
or	O
software	O
creation	O
designed	O
to	O
give	O
companionship	O
to	O
a	O
person	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
can	O
include	O
digital	O
pets	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
popular	O
Tamagotchi	O
,	O
or	O
robots	B-Algorithm
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Sony	O
AIBO	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtual	B-General_Concept
companions	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
entertainment	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
medical	O
or	O
functional	O
,	O
to	O
assist	O
the	O
elderly	O
in	O
maintaining	O
an	O
acceptable	O
standard	O
of	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
psychologist	O
"	O
program	O
ELIZA	B-Application
,	O
did	O
little	O
more	O
than	O
identify	O
key	O
words	O
and	O
feed	O
them	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
but	O
Kenneth	O
Colby	O
's	O
1972	O
PARRY	O
program	O
at	O
Stanford	O
University	O
--	O
far	O
superior	O
to	O
ELIZA	B-Application
--	O
exhibited	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
researchers	O
now	O
seek	O
to	O
put	O
into	O
a	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
above	O
all	O
some	O
form	O
of	O
emotional	O
response	O
and	O
having	O
something	O
"	O
it	O
wants	O
to	O
say	O
"	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
completely	O
passive	O
like	O
ELIZA	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Internet	O
now	O
has	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
chatterbots	B-Protocol
but	O
they	O
are	O
no	O
more	O
advanced	O
,	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
plausibility	O
as	O
conversationalists	O
,	O
than	O
the	O
systems	O
of	O
forty	O
years	O
ago	O
and	O
most	O
users	O
tire	O
of	O
them	O
after	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
exchanges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
winners	O
could	O
be	O
considered	O
the	O
best	O
chatterbots	B-Protocol
,	O
but	O
even	O
they	O
never	O
approach	O
a	O
human	O
level	O
of	O
capacity	O
as	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
from	O
the	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
issue	O
in	O
all	O
such	O
systems	O
is	O
the	O
dialog	B-General_Concept
manager	I-General_Concept
which	O
is	O
the	O
element	O
of	O
system	O
that	O
determines	O
what	O
the	O
system	O
should	O
say	O
next	O
and	O
so	O
appear	O
intelligent	O
or	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
task	O
at	O
hand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
research	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
work	O
on	O
computing	O
emotion	O
,	O
speech	O
research	O
and	O
Embodied	O
Conversational	B-General_Concept
Agents	I-General_Concept
(	O
ECAs	O
)	O
has	O
led	O
to	O
the	O
beginnings	O
of	O
more	O
companionable	O
systems	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
the	O
elderly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
(	O
AI	B-Application
)	O
has	O
rapidly	O
changed	O
numerous	O
forms	O
of	O
society	O
and	O
different	O
workforces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
field	O
in	O
it	O
is	O
focusing	O
on	O
,	O
that	O
being	O
Social	O
Work	O
,	O
demonstrates	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
numerous	O
workforces	O
that	O
can	O
and	O
has	O
utilized	O
the	O
benefits	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Social	O
work	O
is	O
a	O
field	O
that	O
can	O
especially	O
benefit	O
from	O
AI	B-Application
,	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
expansive	O
number	O
of	O
fields	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Narula	O
's	O
article	O
,	O
many	O
forms	O
and	O
examples	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
are	O
given	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
those	O
examples	O
are	O
applicable	O
to	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
Social	O
Work	O
,	O
especially	O
within	O
the	O
medical	O
and	O
geriatric	O
fields	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
the	O
realm	O
of	O
geriatric	O
Social	O
Work	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
last	O
decades	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
increasing	O
dependent	O
on	O
AI	B-Application
's	O
fraud	O
prevention	O
within	O
banking	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
older	O
adults	O
are	O
more	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
financial	O
manipulation	O
and	O
abuse	O
,	O
this	O
system	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
especially	O
integral	O
for	O
the	O
protection	O
of	O
the	O
geriatric	O
population	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
realms	O
of	O
social	O
work	O
that	O
have	O
seen	O
beneficial	O
change	O
from	O
AI	B-Application
over	O
the	O
past	O
decades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
example	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
AI-assisted	O
online	O
social	O
therapy	O
groups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
D'Alfonso	O
wrote	O
about	O
the	O
implications	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
within	O
social	O
support	O
groups	O
,	O
stating	O
that	O
“	O
integration	O
of	O
user	O
experience	O
with	O
a	O
sophisticated	O
and	O
cutting-edge	O
technology	O
to	O
deliver	O
content	O
is	O
necessary	O
to	O
redefine	O
online	O
interventions	O
in	O
youth	O
mental	O
health	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
form	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
especially	O
beneficial	O
and	O
necessary	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
cost-effective	O
and	O
engaging	O
nature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
forms	O
of	O
surveillance	O
,	O
brought	O
up	O
by	O
Quan-Haase	O
,	O
demonstrate	O
AI	B-Application
and	O
technology	O
's	O
growing	O
prominence	O
and	O
beneficial	O
nature	O
within	O
Social	O
Work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
changes	O
of	O
surveillance	O
highlight	O
these	O
changes	O
,	O
especially	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
functional	O
view	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
surveillance	O
and	O
AI	B-Application
are	O
essential	O
in	O
the	O
protection	O
and	O
safety	O
of	O
society	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
that	O
could	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
social	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
De	O
Greeff	O
and	O
Belpaeme	O
write	O
that	O
the	O
social	O
learning	O
of	O
social	O
robots	B-Algorithm
has	O
increased	O
and	O
become	O
more	O
prominent	O
in	O
coming	O
decades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
written	O
that	O
“	O
social	O
robots	B-Algorithm
often	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
designed	O
to	O
portray	O
a	O
character	O
,	O
thus	O
stimulating	O
their	O
anthropomorphisation	O
by	O
human	O
interactants	O
and	O
inviting	O
an	O
interaction-style	O
that	O
is	O
natural	O
to	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
a	O
robot	B-Algorithm
's	O
appearance	O
and	O
behaviour	O
can	O
strengthen	O
interactants	O
 '	O
interpretation	O
of	O
dealing	O
with	O
a	O
social	O
agent	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
with	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
equipment	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
substantiates	O
that	O
robots	B-Algorithm
and	O
AI	B-Application
are	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
being	O
used	O
for	O
communication	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
humans	O
,	O
and	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
used	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
allow	O
technology	O
and	O
robots	B-Algorithm
to	O
become	O
adept	O
at	O
linguistics	O
and	O
social	O
cues	O
.	O
</s>
