<s>
Arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
or	O
cursor	B-Device
movement	I-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
keys	O
on	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
that	O
are	O
either	O
programmed	O
or	O
designated	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
in	O
a	O
specified	O
direction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
cursor	B-Application
movement	O
key	O
"	O
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
"	O
arrow	B-Device
key	I-Device
"	O
in	O
that	O
the	O
former	O
term	O
may	O
refer	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
various	O
keys	O
on	O
a	O
computer	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
designated	O
for	O
cursor	B-Application
movement	O
,	O
whereas	O
"	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
"	O
generally	O
refers	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
four	O
specific	O
keys	O
,	O
typically	O
marked	O
with	O
arrows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
typically	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
to	O
the	O
left	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
numeric	B-Device
keypad	I-Device
,	O
usually	O
arranged	O
in	O
an	O
inverted-T	O
layout	O
but	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
diamond	O
shapes	O
and	O
linear	O
shapes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
navigating	O
around	O
documents	O
and	O
for	O
playing	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inverted-T	O
layout	O
was	O
popularized	O
by	O
the	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
LK201	B-Device
keyboard	B-Device
from	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
computer	B-Device
mouse	I-Device
was	O
widespread	O
,	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
were	O
the	O
primary	O
way	O
of	O
moving	O
a	O
cursor	B-Application
on	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mouse	B-Device
keys	O
is	O
a	O
feature	O
that	O
allows	O
controlling	O
a	O
mouse	B-Device
cursor	B-Application
with	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
feature	O
echoed	O
in	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
whereby	O
holding	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
key	I-Device
would	O
allow	O
a	O
person	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
pointer	O
with	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
in	O
the	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
(	O
operating	O
system	O
)	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
games	O
require	O
a	O
mouse	B-Device
or	O
joystick	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
in	O
games	O
has	O
come	O
back	O
into	O
fashion	O
from	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
and	O
early	O
1990s	O
when	O
joysticks	O
were	O
a	O
must	O
,	O
and	O
were	O
usually	O
used	O
in	O
preference	O
to	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
with	O
some	O
games	O
not	O
supporting	O
any	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inverted-T	O
layout	O
was	O
popularized	O
by	O
the	O
Digital	O
Equipment	O
Corporation	O
LK201	B-Device
keyboard	B-Device
from	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Commodore	O
8-bit	O
computers	O
used	O
two	O
keys	O
instead	O
of	O
four	O
,	O
with	O
directions	O
selected	O
using	O
the	O
shift	B-Device
key	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Macintosh	B-Device
had	O
no	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
at	O
the	O
insistence	O
of	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
,	O
who	O
felt	O
that	O
people	O
should	O
use	O
the	O
mouse	B-Device
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
deliberately	O
excluded	O
from	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
launch	O
design	O
as	O
a	O
forcing	O
device	O
,	O
acclimating	O
users	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
mouse	B-Device
input	I-Device
device	O
and	O
inducing	O
software	O
developers	O
to	O
conform	O
to	O
mouse-driven	O
design	O
rather	O
than	O
easily	O
porting	O
previous	O
terminal-based	O
software	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
were	O
included	O
in	O
later	O
Apple	O
keyboards	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
models	O
with	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
but	O
no	O
middle	O
section	O
(	O
Home	O
,	O
End	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
placed	O
them	O
in	O
one	O
line	O
below	O
the	O
right-hand	O
Shift	B-Device
key	I-Device
in	O
an	O
HJKL-like	O
fashion	O
;	O
later	O
versions	O
had	O
a	O
standard	O
inverted-T	O
layout	O
,	O
either	O
in	O
the	O
middle	O
block	O
or	O
as	O
half-height	O
keys	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
right	O
of	O
the	O
main	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
applications	O
to	O
do	O
different	O
things	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
"	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
"	O
provide	O
one	O
convention	O
for	O
cursor	B-Application
movement	O
on	O
computers	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
also	O
other	O
conventions	O
for	O
cursor	B-Application
movement	O
that	O
use	O
entirely	O
different	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
cursor	B-Device
key	I-Device
layout	O
was	O
seen	O
in	O
Sinclair	B-Operating_System
ZX80	I-Operating_System
,	O
ZX81	O
,	O
and	O
Spectrum	O
home	O
computer	O
designs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
machines	O
had	O
40-key	O
keyboards	B-Device
with	O
number	O
keys	O
on	O
the	O
top	O
row	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
of	O
the	O
number	O
keys	O
had	O
secondary	O
functions	O
requiring	O
simultaneous	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
shift	B-Device
key	I-Device
(	O
in	O
particular	O
from	O
Spectrum	O
onwards	O
)	O
to	O
activate	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Of	O
these	O
,	O
to	O
were	O
designated	O
as	O
cursor	B-Application
control	B-Device
keys	I-Device
and	O
were	O
labelled	O
with	O
left-	O
,	O
down-	O
,	O
up-	O
,	O
and	O
right-arrow	O
symbols	O
printed	O
on	O
or	O
directly	O
above	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
colour	O
matching	O
the	O
relevant	O
shift	B-Device
key	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sequence	O
was	O
adopted	O
from	O
Lear-Siegler/vi	O
style	O
(	O
see	O
HJKL	O
below	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Jupiter	B-Language
Ace	I-Language
keyboard	B-Device
was	O
similar	O
but	O
with	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
functions	O
swapped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
underlying	O
character	O
codes	O
varied	O
between	O
machines	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
Spectrum	O
and	O
Ace	O
designs	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
up	O
and	O
down	B-Device
keys	I-Device
on	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
reflected	O
which	O
had	O
the	O
lesser	O
and	O
greater	O
numeric	O
value	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
QL-style	O
keyboard	B-Device
on	O
later	O
Spectrum	O
+	O
and	O
+	O
128K	O
models	O
introduced	O
various	O
dedicated	O
keys	O
including	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
either	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
space	O
bar	O
(	O
left/right	O
in	O
a	O
pair	O
to	O
its	O
immediate	O
left	O
,	O
and	O
up/down	O
to	O
the	O
immediate	O
right	O
)	O
and	O
removed	O
related	O
labels	O
,	O
either	O
method	O
produced	O
the	O
same	O
signals	O
and	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
difference	O
between	O
which	O
of	O
the	O
alternatives	O
was	O
used	O
as	O
far	O
as	O
software	O
was	O
concerned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WASD	O
(	O
,	O
AOE	O
on	O
Dvorak	O
keyboards	B-Device
;	O
ZQSD	O
on	O
AZERTY	O
keyboards	B-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
four	O
keys	O
on	O
a	O
QWERTY	O
and	O
QWERTZ	B-Language
computer	B-Device
keyboards	I-Device
which	O
mimics	O
the	O
inverted-T	O
configuration	O
of	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Primarily	O
,	O
WASD	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
not	O
ergonomic	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
a	O
right-handed	O
mouse	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
early	O
days	O
of	O
gaming	O
,	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
problem	O
as	O
the	O
mouse	B-Device
was	O
not	O
utilised	O
;	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
controlled	O
both	O
movement	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
looking	O
around	O
,	O
with	O
strafing	O
done	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
modifier	B-Device
keys	I-Device
(	O
usually	O
+	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
mouselook	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
allowed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
mouse	B-Device
to	O
look	O
around	O
both	O
vertically	O
and	O
horizontally	O
,	O
enabled	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
perform	O
techniques	O
such	O
as	O
smooth	O
circle	O
strafing	O
,	O
which	O
,	O
although	O
possible	O
with	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
was	O
difficult	O
to	O
perform	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
jagged	O
movement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
mouse	B-Device
was	O
now	O
used	O
for	O
looking	O
,	O
the	O
and	O
keys	O
for	O
looking	O
would	O
be	O
redundant	O
and	O
thus	O
were	O
altered	O
to	O
become	O
strafe	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
style	O
was	O
popularized	O
in	O
competitive	O
play	O
in	O
Quake	B-Application
and	O
subsequently	O
QuakeWorld	O
,	O
notably	O
by	O
professional	O
player	O
Dennis	O
Fong	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
advantages	O
of	O
WASD	O
and	O
mouselook	B-General_Concept
were	O
recognised	O
over	O
a	O
purely	O
keyboard-based	O
control	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
that	O
Castle	B-Application
Wolfenstein	I-Application
was	O
released	O
,	O
1981	O
,	O
the	O
game	O
Wizardry	B-Device
used	O
the	O
AWD	O
keys	O
for	O
movement	O
in	O
a	O
first-person	O
dungeon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
the	O
programmers	O
of	O
Castle	B-Application
Wolfenstein	I-Application
and	O
Wizardry	B-Device
were	O
users	O
of	O
the	O
earlier	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
where	O
the	O
game	O
Moria	B-Application
used	O
the	O
AWD	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
advantage	O
of	O
WASD	O
is	O
that	O
it	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
left	O
hand	O
thumb	O
to	O
press	O
the	O
bar	O
(	O
often	O
the	O
jump	O
command	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
left	O
hand	O
little	O
finger	O
to	O
press	O
the	O
or	O
keys	O
(	O
often	O
the	O
crouch	O
and/or	O
sprint	O
commands	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
which	O
lack	O
other	O
keys	O
in	O
proximity	O
to	O
press	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
and	O
were	O
chosen	O
partly	O
because	O
they	O
are	O
larger	O
keys	O
and	O
thus	O
easier	O
to	O
hit	O
,	O
but	O
primarily	O
because	O
in	O
older	O
systems	O
the	O
computer	O
could	O
only	O
recognise	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
alphanumeric	O
key	O
presses	O
,	O
a	O
limitation	O
circumvented	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
modifier	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dark	B-Device
Castle	I-Device
(	O
1986	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
game	O
to	O
use	O
WASD	O
keys	O
and	O
mouse	B-Device
for	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Half-Life	B-Application
(	O
1998	O
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
mainstream	O
games	O
to	O
use	O
WASD	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
games	O
that	O
use	O
overhead	O
camera	O
views	O
also	O
use	O
WASD	O
to	O
move	O
the	O
camera	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
some	O
city-building	B-Application
games	I-Application
and	O
economic	B-Application
simulation	I-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Incidentally	O
,	O
it	O
allows	O
the	O
left	O
hand	O
to	O
remain	O
in	O
the	O
home	B-Device
row	I-Device
with	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
key	O
home	B-Device
row	I-Device
marker	O
(	O
available	O
on	O
most	O
standard	O
keyboards	B-Device
)	O
to	O
easily	O
return	O
to	O
position	O
with	O
the	O
index	O
finger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Perhaps	O
the	O
earliest	O
game	O
to	O
use	O
ESDF	O
was	O
Crossfire	B-Application
(	O
1981	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
the	O
keys	O
for	O
firing	O
in	O
multiple	O
directions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dan	O
"	O
vise	O
"	O
Larsen	O
from	O
Quake	B-Application
Team	O
Deathmatch	O
clan	O
"	O
clan	O
Kapitol	O
"	O
popularized	O
ESDF	O
versus	O
"	O
WASD	O
"	O
,	O
explaining	O
that	O
the	O
player	O
gains	O
three	O
additional	O
keys	O
to	O
bind	O
the	O
Quake	B-Application
game	I-Application
's	O
controls	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
default	O
configuration	O
for	O
several	O
games	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Tribes	B-Operating_System
2	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
Blackthorne	B-Device
used	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
for	O
movement	O
and	O
ESDF	O
for	O
actions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
these	O
keys	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
both	O
QWERTY	O
and	O
AZERTY	O
keyboard	B-Device
layouts	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
plus	O
if	O
the	O
game	O
is	O
also	O
released	O
in	O
France	O
or	O
Belgium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typically	O
the	O
key	O
is	O
utilized	O
for	O
crouching	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
Ctrl	B-Device
key	I-Device
,	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
more	O
easily	O
reached	O
when	O
the	O
hand	O
is	O
positioned	O
for	O
DCAS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Bungie	O
's	O
first-person	O
shooter	O
Marathon	B-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
it	O
featured	O
up/down	O
look	O
control	O
and	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
fully	O
control	O
turning	O
and	O
aiming	O
by	O
mouse	B-Device
(	O
a	O
feature	O
later	O
popularized	O
by	O
id	O
's	O
Quake	B-Application
as	O
mouselook/freelook	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
WASD	O
not	O
yet	O
a	O
well-known	O
standard	O
,	O
some	O
people	O
devised	O
their	O
own	O
control	O
schemes	O
to	O
handle	O
combined	O
keyboard	B-Device
movement	O
with	O
mouse	B-Device
aiming	O
;	O
DCAS	O
was	O
one	O
such	O
control	O
scheme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
WASD	O
,	O
DCAS	O
allows	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
easily	O
utilize	O
the	O
left	O
modifier	B-Device
keys	I-Device
;	O
this	O
is	O
advantageous	O
because	O
on	O
most	O
keyboards	B-Device
,	O
the	O
circuitry	O
is	O
better	O
at	O
tracking	O
multiple	O
key-presses	O
simultaneously	O
if	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
are	O
modifier	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
unlike	O
WASD	O
,	O
the	O
position	O
of	O
the	O
left	O
hand	O
for	O
DCAS	O
gameplay	O
is	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
left	O
hand	O
's	O
position	O
on	O
the	O
home	B-Device
row	I-Device
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
early	O
games	O
that	O
used	O
IJKL	O
were	O
Crossfire	B-Application
(	O
1981	O
)	O
and	O
Lode	B-Application
Runner	I-Application
(	O
1983	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IJKL	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
a	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
browser	B-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
games	O
cannot	O
use	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
because	O
many	O
browsers	O
 '	O
windows	O
will	O
scroll	O
if	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
used	O
,	O
thus	O
hindering	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
problem	O
specific	O
to	O
DHTML/JavaScript	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IJKL	O
,	O
like	O
WASD	O
,	O
are	O
arranged	O
in	O
an	O
ergonomic	O
inverted	O
T	O
shape	O
,	O
and	O
,	O
since	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
right	O
hand	O
,	O
adjustment	O
is	O
easy	O
for	O
people	O
who	O
commonly	O
use	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devil	B-Application
May	I-Application
Cry	I-Application
4	I-Application
by	O
Capcom	O
utilizes	O
IJKL	O
as	O
the	O
player	O
's	O
action	O
keys	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Melee	O
Attack	O
,	O
Ranged	O
Attack	O
,	O
Special	O
Attack	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
mouse-driven	O
actions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
older	O
computer	O
games	O
,	O
especially	O
those	O
on	O
8-bit	O
platforms	O
,	O
often	O
had	O
the	O
combination	O
IJKM	O
used	O
as	O
the	O
standard	O
control	B-Device
key	I-Device
combination	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
more	O
logically	O
arranged	O
,	O
if	O
far	O
less	O
ergonomic	O
than	O
an	O
inverted-T	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
platform	O
,	O
special	O
support	O
existed	O
in	O
ROM	O
for	O
Escape	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
Applesoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
prompt	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
right	O
and	O
left	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
to	O
move	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
would	O
add/remove	O
characters	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
passed	O
over	O
to/from	O
the	O
input	O
buffer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pressing	O
the	O
Escape	B-Device
key	I-Device
entered	O
a	O
mode	O
where	O
pressing	O
the	O
,	O
,	O
or	O
keys	O
would	O
move	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
without	O
altering	O
the	O
input	O
buffer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
and	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
originally	O
had	O
left	O
and	O
right	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
but	O
no	O
up	O
and	O
down	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
programs	O
written	O
for	O
these	O
computers	O
used	O
and	O
to	O
substitute	O
for	O
the	O
missing	O
up	O
and	O
down	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
fairly	O
common	O
variant	O
on	O
these	O
machines	O
was	O
the	O
combination	O
of	O
and	O
(	O
slash	O
)	O
with	O
the	O
left	O
and	O
right	O
arrows	O
,	O
as	O
those	O
four	O
keys	O
roughly	O
form	O
a	O
diamond	O
on	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
;	O
while	O
the	O
right	O
key	O
would	O
be	O
in	O
the	O
more	O
natural	O
position	O
for	O
"	O
down	O
"	O
,	O
pressing	O
alone	O
was	O
not	O
detectable	O
by	O
software	O
on	O
an	O
unmodified	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
or	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
plus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
these	O
keys	O
fell	O
somewhat	O
out	O
of	O
favor	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
,	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
full	O
set	O
of	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
HJKL	O
is	O
a	O
layout	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
computer	O
world	O
,	O
a	O
practice	O
spawned	O
by	O
its	O
use	O
in	O
the	O
vi	B-Application
text	O
editor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
editor	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Bill	O
Joy	O
for	O
use	O
on	O
a	O
Lear-Siegler	O
ADM-3A	B-Device
terminal	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
places	O
arrow	O
symbols	O
on	O
these	O
letters	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
have	O
dedicated	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
on	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
correspond	O
to	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
corresponding	O
control	O
characters	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
when	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
terminal	B-General_Concept
,	O
moving	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
left	O
,	O
down	O
,	O
up	O
,	O
and	O
right	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
and	O
functions	O
were	O
standard	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
interpretations	O
of	O
and	O
were	O
unique	O
to	O
the	O
ADM-3A	B-Device
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
key	O
arrangement	O
is	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
vi	B-Application
keys	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HJKL	O
keys	O
are	O
still	O
ubiquitous	O
in	O
newly	O
developed	O
Unix	B-Application
software	O
even	O
though	O
today	O
's	O
keyboards	B-Device
have	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
have	O
the	O
advantage	O
of	O
letting	O
touch-typists	O
move	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
without	O
taking	O
their	O
fingers	O
off	O
of	O
the	O
home	B-Device
row	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
games	O
that	O
use	O
HJKL	O
are	O
the	O
text-based	O
"	O
graphic	O
"	O
adventures	O
like	O
NetHack	B-Application
,	O
the	O
Rogue	B-Application
series	O
,	O
and	O
Linley	B-Language
's	I-Language
Dungeon	I-Language
Crawl	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
by	O
some	O
players	O
of	O
the	O
Dance	B-Application
Dance	I-Application
Revolution	I-Application
clone	O
StepMania	B-Language
,	O
where	O
HJKL	O
corresponds	O
directly	O
to	O
the	O
order	O
of	O
the	O
arrows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gmail	B-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
labs	I-Application
 '	O
keyboard	B-Device
shortcuts	O
and	O
other	O
websites	O
use	O
J	O
and	O
K	O
for	O
"	O
next	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
previous	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
old-style	O
variation	O
that	O
spawned	O
from	O
games	O
like	O
Quake	B-Application
was	O
the	O
SDF-SPACE	O
layout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
layout	O
allows	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
aim	O
with	O
the	O
mouse	B-Device
while	O
strafing	O
(	O
sidestepping	O
)	O
,	O
turning	O
and	O
running	O
or	O
backpedalling	O
all	O
at	O
once	O
creating	O
slightly	O
more	O
complex	O
movements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
,	O
because	O
many	O
players	O
deem	O
the	O
turn	O
commands	O
useless	O
because	O
the	O
mouse	B-Device
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
turning	O
device	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
they	O
assign	O
and	O
to	O
the	O
sidestep	O
commands	O
and	O
leave	O
the	O
turn	O
commands	O
unassigned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
variant	O
adopted	O
to	O
newer	O
games	O
using	O
mouse-look	B-General_Concept
does	O
n't	O
really	O
need	O
worry	O
about	O
the	O
turn	O
left	O
and	O
turn	O
right	B-Device
keys	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
more	O
natural	O
feel	O
on	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
as	O
your	O
fingers	O
rest	O
on	O
the	O
home	B-Device
row	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notice	O
that	O
jump	O
is	O
left	O
out	O
,	O
that	O
is	O
because	O
in	O
games	O
like	O
Quake	B-Application
jump	O
was	O
usually	O
MOUSE2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
even	O
a	O
"	O
stickless	O
"	O
arcade	B-Application
controller	I-Application
based	O
around	O
the	O
concept	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
Hitbox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
attested	O
to	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
arrow	B-Device
keys	I-Device
were	O
partly	O
designed	O
in	O
the	O
inverted-T	O
shape	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
avoid	O
having	O
the	O
side	O
buttons	O
possibly	O
directly	O
underneath	O
other	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
players	O
who	O
prefer	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
centered	O
on	O
the	O
body	O
,	O
this	O
results	O
in	O
less	O
wrist	O
rotation	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
places	O
the	O
index	O
finger	O
naturally	O
over	O
the	O
key	O
when	O
the	O
left	O
arm	O
rests	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
left	O
of	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
QAOP	O
,	O
sometimes	O
also	O
called	O
OPQA	O
,	O
dates	O
back	O
to	O
Sinclair	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
BBC	B-Device
Micro	I-Device
games	O
used	O
the	O
keys	O
ZX*	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
,	O
where	O
"	O
@	O
"	O
is	O
on	O
modern	O
UK	O
keyboards	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
further	O
variation	O
is	O
used	O
when	O
two	O
players	O
use	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
;	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Gauntlet	B-Device
uses	O
the	O
combination	O
1QSD	O
for	O
Player	O
1	O
,	O
and	O
8IKL	O
for	O
Player	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ESDX	B-Application
keys	O
(	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
cursor	B-Application
movement	O
diamond	O
"	O
)	O
were	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
WordStar	B-Application
word	O
processor	O
and	O
related	O
applications	O
,	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
the	O
Control	B-Device
key	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
keys	O
were	O
also	O
used	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
on	O
the	O
TI-99/4A	B-Device
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
numpad	B-Device
or	O
number	B-Device
pad	I-Device
keys	O
are	O
used	O
quite	O
often	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
used	O
mostly	O
in	O
driving	B-Application
simulator	I-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
mainly	O
because	O
these	O
games	O
usually	O
have	O
quite	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
keys	O
needed	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
vehicle	O
properly	O
and	O
the	O
number	B-Device
pad	I-Device
will	O
have	O
plenty	O
of	O
keys	O
for	O
that	O
particular	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
reason	O
this	O
is	O
commonly	O
used	O
is	O
because	O
left-handed	O
players	O
will	O
find	O
this	O
a	O
more	O
comfortable	O
position	O
than	O
the	O
IJKL	O
keys	O
(	O
see	O
above	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
number	B-Device
pad	I-Device
has	O
fewer	O
keys	O
around	O
it	O
,	O
thus	O
it	O
is	O
less	O
likely	O
the	O
player	O
will	O
hit	O
the	O
wrong	O
key	O
by	O
mistake	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eight	O
directional	O
arrows	O
were	O
printed	O
on	O
the	O
keysets	O
of	O
PLATO	B-Operating_System
terminals	I-Operating_System
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
and	O
70s	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
games	O
(	O
including	O
Empire	B-Application
,	O
Dogfight	O
,	O
and	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
dozen	O
dungeon	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Avatar	B-Application
)	O
utilize	O
this	O
layout	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
layout	O
also	O
appears	O
on	O
the	O
numeric	B-Device
keypads	I-Device
of	O
some	O
keyboards	B-Device
,	O
using	O
8462	O
(	O
including	O
7913	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vaguely	O
related	O
is	O
the	O
ZXC	O
layout	O
,	O
used	O
in	O
many	O
freeware	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
common	O
setup	O
for	O
emulation	B-Application
and	O
older	O
2D	O
gaming	O
using	O
a	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
games	O
from	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Phantasie	B-Application
series	O
,	O
used	O
the	O
"	O
3WES	O
"	O
layout	O
,	O
which	O
forms	O
a	O
diamond	O
on	O
QWERTY	O
keyboards	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
AZERTY	O
users	O
will	O
use	O
the	O
"	O
ZQSD	O
"	O
combination	O
instead	O
of	O
"	O
WASD	O
"	O
,	O
since	O
those	O
are	O
the	O
keys	O
in	O
place	O
of	O
WASD	O
on	O
a	O
QWERTY	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
Dvorak	O
keyboard	B-Device
layout	O
,	O
"	O
WASD	O
"	O
is	O
"	O
,	O
AOE	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Left-handed	O
players	O
may	O
use	O
the	O
numeric	B-Device
keypad	I-Device
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
somewhat	O
uncommon	O
variant	O
is	O
YGHJ	O
which	O
while	O
requiring	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
to	O
be	O
turned	O
slightly	O
clockwise	O
,	O
can	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
thumb	O
resting	O
comfortably	O
upon	O
the	O
right	O
key	O
and	O
the	O
little	O
finger	O
resting	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
YGHJ	O
configuration	O
also	O
places	O
the	O
hand	O
closer	O
to	O
the	O
center	O
of	O
the	O
QWERTY	O
section	O
of	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
potentially	O
opening	O
up	O
the	O
entire	O
board	O
to	O
custom	O
keybindings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
QWOP	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
control	O
scheme	O
"	O
QWOP	B-Application
"	O
to	O
control	O
Qwop	B-Application
's	O
arms	O
and	O
legs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
and	O
keys	O
control	O
Qwop	B-Application
's	O
thighs	O
while	O
the	O
and	O
keys	O
control	O
Qwop	B-Application
's	O
calves	O
making	O
an	O
intentionally	O
difficult	O
control	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Layouts	O
such	O
as	O
Shift	O
Z	O
Ctrl	B-Device
X	O
,	O
where	O
is	O
up	O
and	O
is	O
down	O
,	O
allow	O
all	O
direction	O
keys	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
any	O
combination	O
,	O
without	O
the	O
delay	O
of	O
changing	O
finger	O
position	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
modifier	B-Device
keys	I-Device
can	O
be	O
problematic	O
,	O
as	O
some	O
games	O
do	O
not	O
allow	O
mapping	O
of	O
these	O
keys	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Profesional	O
Counter	B-Application
Strike:Global	I-Application
Offensive	I-Application
player	O
Fashr	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
use	O
somewhat	O
unorthodox	O
keybindings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
Right	O
Mouse	B-Device
to	O
move	O
forward	O
,	O
Semicolon	O
to	O
move	O
backwards	O
,	O
Comma	O
for	O
strafing	O
left	O
and	O
a	O
Full	O
Stop	O
to	O
strafe	O
right	O
.	O
</s>
