<s>
Archy	B-Application
is	O
a	O
software	O
system	O
whose	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
introduced	O
a	O
different	O
approach	O
for	O
interacting	O
with	O
computers	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
traditional	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
ideas	O
include	O
content	O
persistence	B-Application
,	O
modelessness	B-General_Concept
,	O
a	O
nucleus	O
with	O
commands	B-Application
instead	O
of	O
applications	B-Application
,	O
navigation	O
using	O
incremental	B-Application
text	I-Application
search	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
zooming	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
ZUI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
his	O
death	O
in	O
February	O
2005	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
continued	O
by	O
his	O
team	O
,	O
which	O
later	O
shifted	O
focus	O
to	O
the	O
Ubiquity	B-Operating_System
extension	O
for	O
the	O
Firefox	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archy	B-Application
in	O
large	O
part	O
builds	O
on	O
Raskin	O
's	O
earlier	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
Macintosh	I-Device
,	O
Canon	B-Device
Cat	I-Device
,	O
SwyftWare	O
,	O
and	O
Ken	O
Perlin	O
's	O
Pad	O
ZUI	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
Canon	B-Device
Cat	I-Device
's	O
text	O
processing	O
functions	O
with	O
a	O
modern	O
ZUI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archy	B-Application
is	O
more	O
radically	O
different	O
from	O
established	O
systems	O
than	O
are	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
 '	O
Project	B-Language
Looking	I-Language
Glass	I-Language
and	O
Microsoft	O
Research	O
's	O
"	O
Task	O
Gallery	O
"	O
prototype	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
these	O
systems	O
build	O
upon	O
the	O
WIMP	B-Application
desktop	B-Application
paradigm	O
,	O
Archy	B-Application
has	O
been	O
compared	O
as	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
text	O
editor	O
,	O
although	O
its	O
design	O
begins	O
from	O
a	O
clean	O
slate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archy	B-Application
used	O
to	O
be	O
called	O
The	B-Application
Humane	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
(	O
"	O
THE	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
1	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
Raskin	O
announced	O
the	O
new	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
Archy	B-Application
would	O
be	O
further	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
non-profit	O
Raskin	O
Center	O
for	O
Humane	O
Interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
"	O
Archy	B-Application
"	O
is	O
a	O
play	O
on	O
the	O
Center	O
's	O
acronym	O
,	O
R-CHI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
allusion	O
to	O
Don	O
Marquis	O
 '	O
archy	B-Application
and	O
mehitabel	O
poetry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jef	O
Raskin	O
jokingly	O
stated	O
:	O
"	O
Yes	O
,	O
we	O
named	O
our	O
software	O
after	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
"	O
(	O
a	O
cockroach	O
)	O
,	O
further	O
playing	O
with	O
the	O
meaning	O
of	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
in	I-Error_Name
software	I-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stated	O
goal	O
of	O
Archy	B-Application
is	O
to	O
design	O
a	O
software	O
system	O
starting	O
from	O
an	O
understanding	O
of	O
human	O
cognition	O
and	O
the	O
needs	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
from	O
a	O
software	O
,	O
hardware	O
,	O
or	O
marketing	O
viewpoint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
plan	O
includes	O
making	O
the	O
interface	O
as	O
"	O
modeless	B-General_Concept
"	O
as	O
possible	O
,	O
to	O
avoid	O
mode	O
errors	O
and	O
encourage	O
habituation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
this	O
,	O
modal	B-General_Concept
features	O
of	O
current	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
like	O
windows	O
and	O
separate	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
are	O
removed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
content	O
in	O
Archy	B-Application
is	O
persistent	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
detailed	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
interaction	O
allows	O
all	O
actions	O
to	O
be	O
undone	O
since	O
his/her	O
very	O
first	O
action	O
performed	O
within	O
Archy	B-Application
,	O
and	O
re-done	O
again	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
action	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Universal	O
and	O
unlimited	O
undo	B-Application
is	O
one	O
key	O
element	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
goals	O
stated	O
in	O
The	O
Humane	O
Interface	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
allows	O
for	O
all	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
work	O
to	O
be	O
recovered	O
in	O
any	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
provides	O
two	O
commands	B-Application
,	O
Leap-forward	O
and	O
Leap-backward	O
,	O
invoked	O
through	O
dedicated	O
keys	O
(	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
pressed	O
with	O
the	O
thumbs	O
)	O
,	O
that	O
move	O
the	O
cursor	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
and	O
prior	O
position	O
that	O
contains	O
the	O
search	O
string	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Leaping	O
to	O
document	O
landmarks	O
such	O
as	O
next	O
or	O
previous	O
word	O
,	O
line	O
,	O
page	O
,	O
section	O
,	O
and	O
document	O
amounts	O
to	O
leaping	O
to	O
Space	O
,	O
New	O
line	O
,	O
Page	O
,	O
and	O
Document	O
characters	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
inserted	O
using	O
the	O
Spacebar	B-Device
,	O
Enter	O
,	O
Page	O
and	O
Document	O
keys	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
a	O
standard	O
computer	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
,	O
Archy	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
Alt	B-Device
keys	I-Device
as	O
Leap	O
keys	O
,	O
Backquote	O
( `	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
Document	O
character	O
and	O
Tilde	O
(	O
~	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
Page	O
character	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
feature	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
a	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
interface	I-Application
in	O
a	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Command	B-Application
names	O
can	O
be	O
inserted	O
and	O
executed	O
at	O
any	O
place	O
in	O
the	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reduces	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
move	O
a	O
mouse	O
pointer	O
to	O
a	O
menu	O
bar	O
or	O
toolbox	O
to	O
execute	O
commands	B-Application
,	O
and	O
allows	O
for	O
quickly	O
composing	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
several	O
commands	B-Application
in	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
use	O
a	O
command	B-Application
the	O
user	O
types	O
the	O
command	B-Application
name	O
while	O
holding	O
down	O
the	O
command	B-Application
key	O
(	O
the	O
caps-lock	O
key	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
command	B-Application
names	O
are	O
filled	O
in	O
automatically	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
user	O
needs	O
to	O
type	O
only	O
until	O
the	O
full	O
name	O
appears	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
a	O
command	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
anywhere	O
,	O
applications	B-Application
are	O
obsolete	O
as	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
the	O
interface	O
's	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installing	O
a	O
new	O
package	O
of	O
commands	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
functionality	O
related	O
to	O
their	O
common	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
,	O
the	O
API	B-Application
is	O
exposed	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
so	O
that	O
these	O
functions	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
system-wide	O
and	O
combined	O
in	O
ways	O
unforeseen	O
by	O
the	O
designer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ideally	O
,	O
commands	B-Application
could	O
be	O
installed	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
one	O
by	O
one	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
users	O
can	O
acquire	O
and	O
install	O
only	O
what	O
they	O
need	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
commands	B-Application
operate	O
on	O
selected	O
areas	O
of	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
to	O
send	O
an	O
e-mail	O
message	O
,	O
you	O
might	O
type	O
and	O
select	O
the	O
text	O
of	O
the	O
message	O
,	O
type	O
and	O
select	O
the	O
address	O
of	O
the	O
recipient	O
,	O
and	O
invoke	O
the	O
SEND	O
MAIL	O
command	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archy	B-Application
's	O
zooming	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
ZUI	B-Application
)	O
element	O
is	O
called	O
Zoomworld	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
spatial	O
,	O
non-windowing	O
interface	O
:	O
an	O
infinite	O
plane	O
expanding	O
in	O
all	O
directions	O
and	O
zoomable	B-Application
to	O
infinite	O
detail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Browsing	O
in	O
this	O
Zoomworld	B-Application
can	O
be	O
done	O
with	O
a	O
mouse	O
;	O
leap	O
functions	O
are	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
search	O
facility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archy	B-Application
's	O
project	O
developed	O
some	O
guidelines	O
for	O
Zoomworld	B-Application
and	O
a	O
working	O
proof	O
of	O
concept	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
built	O
prototype	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
code	O
for	O
zooming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Project	O
members	O
claim	O
that	O
a	O
similar	O
,	O
but	O
limited	O
,	O
zooming	O
interface	O
was	O
tested	O
in	O
real	O
world	O
applications	B-Application
with	O
remarkable	O
success	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archy	B-Application
was	O
initially	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
Creative	O
Commons	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
the	O
"	O
non-commercial	O
"	O
clause	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
and	O
functionality	O
of	O
The	B-Application
Humane	I-Application
Environment	I-Application
was	O
compared	O
and	O
found	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Emacs	B-Application
editor	O
for	O
its	O
text-based	B-Application
interface	I-Application
without	O
dialog	O
boxes	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
reliance	O
on	O
incremental	B-Application
search	I-Application
and	O
a	O
modifier	B-Device
key	I-Device
for	O
issuing	O
commands	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archy	B-Application
provides	O
an	O
increased	O
focus	O
on	O
learnability	O
and	O
an	O
emphasis	O
in	O
removing	O
modes	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
Emacs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
note	O
that	O
the	O
LEAP	O
keys	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
Canon	B-Device
Cat	I-Device
are	O
the	O
two	O
large	O
red	O
keys	O
below	O
the	O
space	B-Device
bar	I-Device
;	O
Archy	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
two	O
ALT	B-Device
keys	I-Device
on	O
either	O
side	O
of	O
the	O
space	B-Device
bar	I-Device
,	O
found	O
on	O
most	O
standard	O
keyboards	B-Device
,	O
which	O
are	O
a	O
compromise	O
to	O
using	O
it	O
on	O
commonly	O
available	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
