<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
client	B-Protocol
,	O
server	B-Application
and	O
online	O
geographic	B-Application
information	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
GIS	B-Application
)	O
software	O
developed	O
and	O
maintained	O
by	O
Esri	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
1999	O
and	O
originally	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
ARC/INFO	B-Application
,	O
a	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
based	O
GIS	B-Application
system	O
for	O
manipulating	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARC/INFO	B-Application
was	O
later	O
merged	O
into	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
eventually	O
superseded	O
by	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
works	O
in	O
2D	O
and	O
3D	O
for	O
cartography	O
and	O
visualization	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
(	O
AI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Esri	O
also	O
provides	O
server	B-Application
side	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
software	O
for	O
web	O
maps	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
the	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
suite	B-Application
,	O
Esri	O
had	O
focused	O
its	O
software	O
development	O
on	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
Arc/INFO	B-Application
workstation	B-Device
program	O
and	O
several	O
Graphical	O
User	O
Interface-based	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
ArcView	B-Application
GIS	I-Application
3.x	I-Application
desktop	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
Esri	O
products	O
included	O
MapObjects	O
,	O
a	O
programming	B-Library
library	I-Library
for	O
developers	O
,	O
and	O
ArcSDE	B-Application
as	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1997	O
,	O
Esri	O
decided	O
to	O
revamp	O
its	O
GIS	B-Application
software	I-Application
platform	O
,	O
creating	O
a	O
single	O
integrated	O
software	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
1999	O
,	O
Esri	O
released	O
ArcMap	B-Application
8.0	O
,	O
which	O
ran	O
on	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
combined	O
the	O
visual	O
user-interface	O
aspect	O
of	O
ArcView	B-Application
GIS	I-Application
3.x	I-Application
interface	B-Application
with	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
from	O
the	O
Arc/INFO	B-Application
version	O
7.2	O
workstation	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
pairing	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
software	B-Application
suite	I-Application
called	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
including	O
the	O
command-line	B-Application
ArcInfo	B-Application
workstation	B-Device
(	O
v8.0	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
application	O
called	O
ArcMap	B-Application
(	O
v8.0	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
ArcMAP	B-Application
incorporating	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
ArcInfo	B-Application
with	O
a	O
more	O
intuitive	O
interface	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
file	B-Application
management	I-Application
application	I-Application
called	O
ArcCatalog	B-Application
(	O
v8.0	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
ArcMap	B-Application
constituted	O
a	O
major	O
change	O
in	O
Esri	O
's	O
software	O
offerings	O
,	O
aligning	O
all	O
their	O
client	B-Protocol
and	O
server	B-Application
products	O
under	O
one	O
software	O
architecture	O
known	O
as	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
,	O
developed	O
using	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
COM	B-Application
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
interface	B-Application
and	O
names	O
of	O
ArcMap	B-Application
8.0	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
,	O
they	O
are	O
different	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.1	O
replaced	O
ArcMap	B-Application
8.0	O
in	O
the	O
product	O
line	O
but	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.1	O
was	O
unveiled	O
at	O
the	O
Esri	O
International	O
User	O
Conference	O
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.1	O
was	O
officially	O
released	O
on	O
April	O
24	O
,	O
2001	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
three	O
extension	O
had	O
become	O
very	O
powerful	O
and	O
popular	O
in	O
ArcView	B-Application
GIS	I-Application
3.x	I-Application
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.1	O
also	O
added	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
access	O
data	O
online	O
,	O
directly	O
from	O
the	O
Geography	O
Network	O
site	O
or	O
other	O
ArcIMS	B-Application
map	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.3	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2002	O
,	O
adding	O
topology	B-Architecture
to	O
geodatabases	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
feature	O
originally	O
available	O
only	O
with	O
ArcInfo	B-Application
coverages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
major	O
difference	O
is	O
the	O
programming	O
(	O
scripting	B-Language
)	O
languages	O
available	O
to	O
customize	O
or	O
extend	O
the	O
software	O
to	O
suit	O
particular	O
user	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
,	O
Esri	O
dropped	O
support	O
of	O
its	O
application-specific	O
scripting	B-Language
languages	I-Language
,	O
Avenue	O
and	O
the	O
ARC	O
Macro	O
Language	O
(	O
AML	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Visual	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
for	I-Language
Applications	I-Language
scripting	B-Language
and	O
open	O
access	O
to	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
components	O
using	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
COM	B-Application
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
is	O
designed	O
to	O
store	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
RDBMS	O
format	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
geodatabase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.x	O
introduced	O
other	O
new	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
on-the-fly	O
map	B-Application
projections	I-Application
,	O
and	O
annotation	O
in	O
the	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
9	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
May	O
2004	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
and	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
for	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
9	O
release	O
includes	O
a	O
geoprocessing	O
environment	O
that	O
allows	O
execution	O
of	O
traditional	O
GIS	B-Application
processing	O
tools	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
clipping	O
,	O
overlay	O
,	O
and	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
)	O
interactively	O
or	O
from	O
any	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
that	O
supports	O
COM	B-Application
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
of	O
these	O
is	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
others	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
,	O
especially	O
Perl	B-Language
and	O
VBScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
9	O
includes	O
a	O
visual	O
programming	O
environment	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
ERDAS	B-Application
IMAGINE	I-Application
's	O
Model	O
Maker	O
(	O
released	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
v8.0.2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Esri	O
version	O
is	O
called	O
ModelBuilder	O
and	O
as	O
does	O
the	O
ERDAS	B-Application
IMAGINE	I-Application
version	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
graphically	O
link	O
geoprocessing	O
tools	O
into	O
new	O
tools	O
called	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
models	O
can	O
be	O
executed	O
directly	O
or	O
exported	O
to	O
scripting	B-Language
languages	I-Language
which	O
can	O
then	O
execute	O
in	O
batch	B-General_Concept
mode	I-General_Concept
(	O
launched	O
from	O
a	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
)	O
,	O
or	O
they	O
can	O
undergo	O
further	O
editing	O
to	O
add	O
branching	O
or	O
looping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
26	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Esri	O
released	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
9.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
has	O
new	O
modeling	O
tools	O
and	O
geostatistical	O
error	O
tracking	O
features	O
,	O
while	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
has	O
improved	O
performance	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
role-based	O
security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
also	O
are	O
new	O
JavaScript	B-Language
APIs	B-Application
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
mashups	B-Application
,	O
and	O
integrated	O
with	O
either	O
Google	B-Application
Maps	I-Application
or	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Virtual	I-Application
Earth	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
2008	O
Esri	O
Developers	O
Summit	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
little	O
emphasis	O
on	O
ArcIMS	B-Application
,	O
except	O
for	O
one	O
session	O
on	O
transitioning	O
from	O
ArcIMS	B-Application
to	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server-based	O
applications	O
,	O
indicating	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
focus	O
for	O
Esri	O
with	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
9.3	O
for	O
web-based	O
mapping	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2009	O
,	O
Esri	O
released	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
9.3.1	O
,	O
which	O
improved	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
dynamic	O
map	O
publishing	O
and	O
introduced	O
better	O
sharing	O
of	O
geographic	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
10.3	O
release	O
included	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
1.0	O
,	O
which	O
became	O
available	O
in	O
January	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
21	O
,	O
2020	O
Esri	O
publicly	O
announced	O
that	O
this	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
release	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
ArcMap	B-Application
,	O
will	O
be	O
supported	O
until	O
March	O
1	O
,	O
2026	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
announcement	O
confirmed	O
predictions	O
that	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
(	O
and	O
related	O
products	O
)	O
was	O
planned	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
complete	O
replacement	O
for	O
ArcMap	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
11	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
June	O
23	O
,	O
2022	O
just	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
annual	O
User	O
Conference	O
held	O
in	O
San	O
Diego	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
11.0	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
any	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
10.x	O
and	O
older	O
products	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
accompanied	O
by	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
is	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
GIS	B-Application
software	I-Application
that	O
is	O
the	O
more	O
modern	O
version	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
,	O
the	O
ArcCatalog	B-Application
and	O
ArcMap	B-Application
functionalities	O
are	O
accessed	O
through	O
the	O
same	O
application	O
,	O
most	O
commonly	O
through	O
the	O
Catalog	O
pane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
graphics	O
requirements	O
for	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
are	O
considerably	O
higher	O
than	O
for	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
upgraded	O
visualization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
also	O
supports	O
streamlined	O
workflows	O
that	O
involve	O
publishing	O
and	O
consuming	O
feature	O
layers	O
using	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Online	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
3.0	O
in	O
June	O
,	O
2022	O
all	O
*	O
.aprx	O
project	O
files	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
by	O
version	O
3.0	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
if	O
the	O
project	O
is	O
saved	O
it	O
will	O
render	O
the	O
project	O
file	O
to	O
be	O
incompatible	O
with	O
version	O
2.9.x	O
and	O
earlier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
2.6	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
July	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Edges	O
and	O
junctions	O
along	O
with	O
network	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
are	O
used	O
to	O
understand	O
the	O
movement	O
of	O
goods	O
through	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trace	O
networks	O
are	O
used	O
alongside	O
network	B-Architecture
topology	I-Architecture
to	O
make	O
more	O
tools	O
available	O
such	O
as	O
trace	O
and	O
validation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
pro	I-Application
is	O
opened	O
it	O
will	O
prompt	O
the	O
user	O
if	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
keep	O
all	O
the	O
unsaved	O
changes	O
that	O
were	O
backed	O
up	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
Esri	O
products	O
,	O
including	O
ArcView	B-Application
3.x	I-Application
,	O
worked	O
with	O
data	O
in	O
the	O
shapefile	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcInfo	B-Application
Workstation	B-Device
handled	O
coverages	O
,	O
which	O
stored	O
topology	B-Architecture
information	O
about	O
the	O
spatial	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coverages	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
1981	O
when	O
ArcInfo	B-Application
was	O
first	O
released	O
,	O
have	O
limitations	O
in	O
how	O
they	O
handle	O
types	O
of	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
is	O
built	O
around	O
a	O
geodatabase	O
,	O
which	O
uses	O
an	O
object	B-General_Concept
–	I-General_Concept
relational	I-General_Concept
database	I-General_Concept
approach	O
for	O
storing	O
spatial	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
geodatabase	O
is	O
a	O
"	O
container	O
"	O
for	O
holding	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
,	O
tying	O
together	O
the	O
spatial	O
features	O
with	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
geodatabase	O
can	O
also	O
contain	O
topology	B-Architecture
information	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
model	O
behavior	O
of	O
features	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
road	O
intersections	O
,	O
with	O
rules	O
on	O
how	O
features	O
relate	O
to	O
one	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Geodatabases	O
in	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
can	O
be	O
stored	O
in	O
three	O
different	O
ways	O
–	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
file	O
geodatabase	O
"	O
,	O
a	O
"	O
personal	O
geodatabase	O
"	O
,	O
or	O
an	O
"	O
enterprise	O
geodatabase	O
"	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
an	O
SDE	O
or	O
ArcSDE	B-Application
geodatabase	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Personal	O
geodatabases	O
store	O
data	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Access	I-Application
files	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
BLOB	B-General_Concept
field	O
to	O
store	O
the	O
geometry	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
OGR	B-Language
library	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
this	O
file	O
type	O
,	O
to	O
convert	O
it	O
to	O
other	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Database	B-General_Concept
administration	I-General_Concept
tasks	O
for	O
personal	O
geodatabases	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
managing	O
users	O
and	O
creating	O
backups	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
done	O
through	O
ArcCatalog	B-Application
and	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Personal	O
geodatabases	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
based	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Access	I-Application
,	O
run	O
only	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
have	O
a	O
2	O
gigabyte	O
size	O
limit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enterprise	O
(	O
multi-user	O
)	O
geodatabases	O
sit	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
high-end	O
DBMS	O
such	O
as	O
PostgreSQL	B-Application
,	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
SQL	I-Application
Server	I-Application
,	O
IBM	B-Application
Db2	I-Application
and	O
Informix	B-Application
to	O
handle	O
database	O
management	O
aspects	O
,	O
while	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
deals	O
with	O
spatial	O
data	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enterprise	O
level	O
geodatabases	O
support	O
database	B-General_Concept
replication	I-General_Concept
,	O
versioning	B-Architecture
and	O
transaction	B-General_Concept
management	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
compatible	O
,	O
able	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Solaris	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
released	O
at	O
9.2	O
is	O
the	O
personal	O
SDE	O
database	O
that	O
operates	O
with	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
Express	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Personal	O
SDE	O
databases	O
do	O
not	O
support	O
multi-user	O
editing	O
,	O
but	O
do	O
support	O
versioning	B-Architecture
and	O
disconnected	O
editing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
limits	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
Express	I-Application
databases	O
to	O
4GB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
(	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
application	O
)	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
personal	O
geodatabase	O
format	O
but	O
can	O
convert	O
them	O
into	O
supported	O
formats	O
using	O
geoprocessing	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
is	O
available	O
at	O
different	O
product	O
levels	O
,	O
with	O
increasing	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcReader	O
(	O
freeware	B-License
,	O
viewer	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
basic	O
data	O
viewer	O
for	O
maps	O
and	O
GIS	B-Application
data	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
proprietary	B-Application
Esri	O
format	O
using	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Publisher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcReader	O
is	O
included	O
with	O
any	O
of	O
the	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
suite	B-Application
of	O
products	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
free	O
to	O
download	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcReader	O
only	O
works	O
with	O
pre-authored	O
published	O
map	O
files	O
,	O
created	O
with	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Publisher	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Basic	O
,	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
ArcView	B-Application
,	O
is	O
the	O
entry	O
level	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
licensing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
ArcView	B-Application
,	O
one	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
view	O
and	O
edit	O
GIS	B-Application
data	O
held	O
in	O
flat	O
files	O
,	O
or	O
view	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
by	O
accessing	O
it	O
through	O
ArcSDE	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Standard	O
,	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
ArcEditor	B-Application
,	O
is	O
the	O
midlevel	O
software	B-Application
suite	I-Application
designed	O
for	O
advanced	O
editing	O
of	O
spatial	O
data	O
in	O
shapefiles	O
and	O
geodatabases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
tools	O
for	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
map	O
and	O
spatial	O
data	O
used	O
in	O
GIS	B-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
editing	O
geodatabase	O
files	O
and	O
data	O
,	O
multiuser	O
geodatabase	O
editing	O
,	O
versioning	B-Architecture
,	O
raster	O
data	O
editing	O
and	O
vectorization	O
,	O
advanced	O
vector	O
data	O
editing	O
,	O
managing	O
coverages	O
,	O
coordinate	O
geometry	O
(	O
COGO	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
editing	O
geometric	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcEditor	B-Application
is	O
not	O
intended	O
for	O
advanced	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
Advanced	O
,	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
ArcInfo	B-Application
,	O
allows	O
users	O
the	O
most	O
flexibility	O
and	O
control	O
in	O
"	O
all	O
aspects	O
of	O
data	O
building	O
,	O
modeling	O
,	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
map	O
display.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
ArcInfo	B-Application
includes	O
increased	O
capability	O
in	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
spatial	O
analysis	O
,	O
geoprocessing	O
,	O
data	O
management	O
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
desktop	O
GIS	B-Application
software	I-Application
include	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
and	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
is	O
a	O
GIS	B-Application
viewer	O
which	O
can	O
work	O
as	O
a	O
client	B-Protocol
for	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
,	O
ArcIMS	B-Application
,	O
ArcWeb	O
Services	O
and	O
Web	B-Application
Map	I-Application
Service	I-Application
(	O
WMS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Online	O
is	O
a	O
web	O
application	O
allowing	O
sharing	O
and	O
search	O
of	O
geographic	O
information	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
content	O
published	O
by	O
Esri	O
,	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
users	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
authoritative	O
data	O
providers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Web	O
Mapping	O
APIs	B-Application
are	O
APIs	B-Application
for	O
several	O
languages	O
,	O
allowing	O
users	O
to	O
build	O
and	O
deploy	O
applications	O
that	O
include	O
GIS	B-Application
functionality	O
and	O
Web	O
services	O
from	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Online	O
and	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Silverlight	I-Application
are	O
supported	O
for	O
applications	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
embedded	O
in	O
web	O
pages	O
or	O
launched	O
as	O
stand-alone	O
Web	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
,	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Air	I-Operating_System
and	O
Windows	B-Device
Presentation	I-Device
Foundation	I-Device
(	O
WPF	O
)	O
are	O
supported	O
for	O
desktop	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
consists	O
of	O
several	O
integrated	O
applications	O
,	O
including	O
ArcMap	B-Application
,	O
ArcCatalog	B-Application
,	O
ArcToolbox	O
,	O
ArcScene	O
,	O
ArcGlobe	O
,	O
and	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcCatalog	B-Application
is	O
the	O
data	O
management	O
application	O
,	O
used	O
to	O
browse	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
and	O
files	O
on	O
one	O
's	O
computer	O
,	O
database	O
,	O
or	O
other	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
showing	O
what	O
data	O
is	O
available	O
,	O
ArcCatalog	B-Application
also	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
preview	O
the	O
data	O
on	O
a	O
map	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcCatalog	B-Application
also	O
provides	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
view	O
and	O
manage	O
metadata	O
for	O
spatial	O
datasets	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcMap	B-Application
is	O
the	O
application	O
used	O
to	O
view	O
,	O
edit	O
and	O
query	O
geospatial	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
create	O
maps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ArcMap	B-Application
interface	B-Application
has	O
two	O
main	O
sections	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
table	O
of	O
contents	O
on	O
the	O
left	O
and	O
the	O
data	O
frames	O
which	O
display	O
the	O
map	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcToolbox	O
contains	O
geoprocessing	O
,	O
data	O
conversion	O
,	O
and	O
analysis	O
tools	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
functionality	O
in	O
ArcInfo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
batch	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
with	O
ArcToolbox	O
,	O
for	O
frequently	O
repeated	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcScene	O
is	O
an	O
application	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
view	O
their	O
GIS	B-Application
data	O
in	O
3-D	O
and	O
is	O
available	O
with	O
the	O
3D	O
Analyst	O
License	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGlobe	O
is	O
another	O
one	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
's	O
3D	O
visualization	O
applications	O
available	O
with	O
the	O
3D	O
Analyst	O
License	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGlobe	O
is	O
a	O
3D	O
visualization	O
application	O
that	O
allows	O
you	O
to	O
view	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
GIS	B-Application
data	O
on	O
a	O
globe	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
application	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
in	O
2015	O
February	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
had	O
the	O
combined	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
integrated	O
applications	O
and	O
was	O
built	O
as	O
a	O
fully	O
64-bit	B-Device
software	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
has	O
ArcPy	O
Python	B-Language
scripting	B-Language
for	O
database	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
software	O
extensions	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
that	O
provide	O
added	O
functionality	O
,	O
including	O
3D	O
Analyst	O
,	O
Spatial	O
Analyst	O
,	O
Network	O
Analyst	O
,	O
Survey	O
Analyst	O
,	O
Tracking	O
Analyst	O
,	O
and	O
Geostatistical	O
Analyst	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	O
map	O
labeling	O
is	O
available	O
with	O
the	O
Maplex	O
extension	O
,	O
as	O
an	O
add-on	O
to	O
ArcView	B-Application
and	O
ArcEditor	B-Application
and	O
is	O
bundled	O
with	O
ArcInfo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Numerous	O
extensions	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
developed	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
spell-checker	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
MAP2PDF	O
for	O
creating	O
georeferenced	O
pdfs	O
(	O
GeoPDF	O
)	O
,	O
ERDAS	O
 '	O
Image	O
Analysis	O
and	O
Stereo	O
Analyst	O
for	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
ISM	O
's	O
PurVIEW	B-Application
,	O
which	O
converts	O
Arc	O
-	O
desktops	O
into	O
precise	O
stereo-viewing	O
windows	B-Application
to	O
work	O
with	O
geo-referenced	B-General_Concept
stereoscopic	O
image	O
models	O
for	O
accurate	O
geodatabase-direct	O
editing	O
or	O
feature	O
digitizing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Pro	I-Application
can	O
use	O
the	O
FME	B-Application
engine	O
and	O
workflows	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
interoperability	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
address	O
locator	O
is	O
a	O
dataset	B-General_Concept
in	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
that	O
stores	O
the	O
address	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
,	O
associated	O
indexes	O
,	O
and	O
rules	O
that	O
define	O
the	O
process	O
for	O
translating	O
nonspatial	O
descriptions	O
of	O
places	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
street	O
addresses	O
,	O
into	O
spatial	O
data	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
displayed	O
as	O
features	O
on	O
a	O
map	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
address	O
locator	O
contains	O
a	O
snapshot	O
of	O
the	O
reference	O
data	O
used	O
for	O
geocoding	B-Application
,	O
and	O
parameters	O
for	O
standardizing	O
addresses	O
,	O
searching	O
for	O
match	O
locations	O
,	O
and	O
creating	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.3	O
and	O
previous	O
versions	O
,	O
an	O
address	O
locator	O
was	O
called	O
a	O
geocoding	B-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Mobile	I-Application
and	O
ArcPad	B-Application
are	O
products	O
designed	O
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Mobile	I-Application
is	O
a	O
software	B-Application
development	I-Application
kit	I-Application
for	O
developers	O
to	O
use	O
to	O
create	O
applications	O
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
smartphones	B-Application
or	O
tablet	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
mobile	O
applications	O
can	O
connect	O
to	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
to	O
access	O
or	O
update	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Mobile	I-Application
is	O
only	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
Enterprise	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Server	B-Application
GIS	B-Application
products	O
include	O
ArcIMS	B-Application
(	O
web	O
mapping	O
server	B-Application
)	O
,	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
and	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Image	O
Server	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
,	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
is	O
available	O
at	O
different	O
product	O
levels	O
,	O
including	O
Basic	O
,	O
Standard	O
,	O
and	O
Advanced	O
Editions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Server	I-Application
comes	O
with	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
Express	I-Application
DBMS	O
embedded	O
and	O
can	O
work	O
with	O
enterprise	O
DBMS	O
such	O
as	O
SQL	B-Application
Server	I-Application
Enterprise	I-Application
and	O
Oracle	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Esri	O
Developer	O
Network	O
(	O
EDN	O
)	O
includes	O
ArcObjects	B-General_Concept
and	O
other	O
tools	O
for	O
building	O
custom	O
software	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
programming	B-Application
interface	I-Application
for	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
is	O
an	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
software	O
engine	O
,	O
a	O
developer	O
product	O
for	O
creating	O
custom	O
GIS	B-Application
desktop	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
provides	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
(	O
APIs	B-Application
)	O
for	O
COM	B-Application
,	O
.NET	B-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
and	O
C++	B-Language
for	O
the	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Solaris	B-Application
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
APIs	B-Application
include	O
documentation	O
and	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
high-level	O
visual	O
components	O
to	O
ease	O
building	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
includes	O
the	O
core	O
set	O
of	O
components	O
,	O
ArcObjects	B-General_Concept
,	O
from	O
which	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
products	O
are	O
built	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
one	O
can	O
build	O
stand-alone	O
applications	O
or	O
extend	O
existing	O
applications	O
for	O
both	O
GIS	B-Application
and	O
non-GIS	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
distribution	O
additionally	O
includes	O
utilities	O
,	O
samples	O
,	O
and	O
documentation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Engine	I-Application
Runtime	O
or	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
license	O
per	O
computer	O
is	O
necessary	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
products	O
and	O
ArcPad	B-Application
are	O
available	O
with	O
a	O
single-use	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
products	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
with	O
concurrent-use	O
license	O
,	O
while	O
development	O
server	B-Application
licenses	O
and	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
software	B-License
licenses	I-License
are	O
available	O
for	O
other	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Single-use	O
products	O
can	O
be	O
purchased	O
online	O
from	O
the	O
Esri	O
Store	O
,	O
while	O
all	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
products	O
are	O
available	O
through	O
a	O
sales	O
representative	O
or	O
reseller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Annual	O
software	O
maintenance	O
and	O
support	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
there	O
are	O
alternative	O
products	O
available	O
from	O
vendors	O
such	O
as	O
MapInfo	O
,	O
Maptitude	B-Application
,	O
AutoCAD	O
Map	O
3D	O
and	O
open-source	O
QGIS	B-Application
,	O
Esri	O
has	O
a	O
dominant	O
share	O
of	O
the	O
GIS	B-Application
software	I-Application
market	O
,	O
estimated	O
in	O
2015	O
at	O
43%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Issues	O
with	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
include	O
perceived	O
high	O
prices	O
for	O
the	O
products	O
,	O
proprietary	B-Application
formats	O
,	O
and	O
difficulties	O
of	O
porting	O
data	O
between	O
Esri	O
and	O
other	O
GIS	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Esri	O
's	O
transition	O
to	O
the	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
platform	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
the	O
1999	O
release	O
of	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
8.0	O
,	O
rendered	O
incompatible	O
an	O
extensive	O
range	O
of	O
user-developed	O
and	O
third-party	O
add-on	O
software	O
and	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
minority	O
user	B-Operating_System
base	I-Operating_System
resists	O
migrating	O
to	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
because	O
of	O
changes	O
in	O
scripting	B-Language
capability	O
,	O
functionality	O
,	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
Esri	O
developed	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
Desktop	I-Application
software	O
exclusively	O
for	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
significantly	O
larger	O
system	O
resources	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
ArcGIS	B-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
