<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
(	O
AI	B-Application
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
applications	O
to	O
alleviate	O
certain	O
problems	O
throughout	O
industry	O
and	O
academia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
,	O
like	O
electricity	O
or	O
computers	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
general	O
purpose	O
technology	O
that	O
has	O
a	O
multitude	O
of	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
fields	O
of	O
language	B-Application
translation	I-Application
,	O
image	O
recognition	O
,	O
credit	O
scoring	O
,	O
e-commerce	O
and	O
other	O
domains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Machine	O
learning	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
Web	B-General_Concept
feeds	I-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
for	O
determining	O
which	O
posts	O
show	O
up	O
in	O
social	O
media	O
feeds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
types	O
social	O
media	O
analysis	O
also	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
there	O
is	O
research	O
into	O
its	O
use	O
for	O
(	O
semi	O
-	O
)	O
automated	O
tagging/enhancement/correction	O
of	O
online	O
misinformation	O
and	O
related	O
filter	B-Algorithm
bubbles	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
is	O
used	O
to	O
target	O
web	O
advertisements	O
to	O
those	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
click	O
or	O
engage	O
on	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Online	O
gambling	O
companies	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
improve	O
customer	O
targeting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Personality	B-General_Concept
computing	I-General_Concept
AI	B-Application
models	O
add	O
psychological	O
targeting	O
to	O
more	O
traditional	O
social	O
demographics	O
or	O
behavioral	O
targeting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
customize	O
shopping	O
options	O
and	O
personalize	O
offers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intelligent	B-Protocol
personal	I-Protocol
assistants	I-Protocol
use	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
understand	O
many	O
natural	O
language	O
requests	O
in	O
other	O
ways	O
than	O
rudimentary	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Common	O
examples	O
are	O
Apple	O
's	O
Siri	O
,	O
Amazon	O
's	O
Alexa	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
more	O
recent	O
AI	B-Application
,	O
ChatGPT	O
by	O
OpenAI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
automatically	O
translate	O
spoken	O
language	O
and	O
textual	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
facial	O
recognition	O
systems	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
99%	O
accuracy	O
rate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Image	O
labeling	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
to	O
detect	O
products	O
in	O
photos	O
and	O
to	O
allow	O
people	O
to	O
search	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
photo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Games	O
have	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
application	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
's	O
capabilities	O
since	O
the	O
1950s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
21st	O
century	O
,	O
AIs	B-Application
have	O
produced	O
superhuman	O
results	O
in	O
many	O
games	O
,	O
including	O
chess	B-Application
(	O
Deep	B-General_Concept
Blue	I-General_Concept
)	O
,	O
Jeopardy	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Watson	B-Application
)	O
,	O
Go	O
(	O
AlphaGo	B-Application
)	O
,	O
poker	O
(	O
Pluribus	O
and	O
Cepheus	O
)	O
,	O
E-sports	O
(	O
StarCraft	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
general	B-Algorithm
game	I-Algorithm
playing	I-Algorithm
(	O
AlphaZero	B-Application
and	O
MuZero	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
replaced	O
hand-coded	O
algorithms	O
in	O
most	O
chess	B-Application
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
go	O
or	O
chess	B-Application
,	O
poker	O
is	O
an	O
imperfect-information	O
game	O
,	O
so	O
a	O
program	O
that	O
plays	O
poker	O
has	O
to	O
reason	O
under	O
uncertainty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
for	O
Good	O
is	O
an	O
ITU	O
initiative	O
supporting	O
institutions	O
employing	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
tackle	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
greatest	O
economic	O
and	O
social	O
challenges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Southern	O
California	O
launched	O
the	O
Center	O
for	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
in	O
Society	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
using	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
address	O
problems	O
such	O
as	O
homelessness	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
Stanford	O
,	O
researchers	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
analyze	O
satellite	O
images	O
to	O
identify	O
high	O
poverty	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
agriculture	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
has	O
helped	O
farmers	O
identify	O
areas	O
that	O
need	O
irrigation	O
,	O
fertilization	O
,	O
pesticide	O
treatments	O
or	O
increasing	O
yield	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Agronomists	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
conduct	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
predict	O
the	O
ripening	O
time	O
for	O
crops	O
such	O
as	O
tomatoes	O
,	O
monitor	O
soil	O
moisture	O
,	O
operate	O
agricultural	O
robots	B-Algorithm
,	O
conduct	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
,	O
classify	O
livestock	O
pig	O
call	O
emotions	O
,	O
automate	O
greenhouses	O
,	O
detect	O
diseases	O
and	O
pests	O
,	O
and	O
save	O
water	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cyber	O
security	O
companies	O
are	O
adopting	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
machine	O
learning	O
,	O
and	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
to	O
improve	O
their	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	B-Application
of	I-Application
AI	I-Application
in	O
cyber	O
security	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
security	O
:	O
can	O
help	O
counterattacks	O
such	O
as	O
server-side	B-General_Concept
request	I-General_Concept
forgery	I-General_Concept
,	O
SQL	B-Language
injection	I-Language
,	O
cross-site	O
scripting	O
,	O
and	O
distributed	O
denial-of-service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
fraud	O
czar	O
Shuman	O
Ghosemajumder	O
has	O
said	O
that	O
AI	B-Application
will	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
completely	O
automate	O
most	O
cyber	O
security	O
operations	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
tutors	O
allow	O
students	O
to	O
get	O
one-on-one	O
help	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
create	O
a	O
dysfunctional	O
environment	O
with	O
revenge	O
effects	O
such	O
as	O
technology	O
that	O
hinders	O
students	O
 '	O
ability	O
to	O
stay	O
on	O
task	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
another	O
scenario	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
can	O
provide	O
early	O
prediction	O
of	O
student	O
success	O
in	O
a	O
virtual	O
learning	O
environment	O
(	O
VLE	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
Moodle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Financial	O
institutions	O
have	O
long	O
used	O
artificial	B-Architecture
neural	I-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
systems	O
to	O
detect	O
charges	O
or	O
claims	O
outside	O
of	O
the	O
norm	O
,	O
flagging	O
these	O
for	O
human	O
investigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
in	O
banking	O
began	O
in	O
1987	O
when	O
Security	O
Pacific	O
National	O
Bank	O
launched	O
a	O
fraud	O
prevention	O
taskforce	O
to	O
counter	O
the	O
unauthorized	O
use	O
of	O
debit	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kasisto	O
and	O
Moneystream	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Banks	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
organize	O
operations	O
,	O
for	O
bookkeeping	O
,	O
investing	O
in	O
stocks	O
,	O
and	O
managing	O
properties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
react	O
to	O
changes	O
when	O
business	O
is	O
not	O
taking	O
place	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Algorithm
is	I-Algorithm
used	I-Algorithm
to	I-Algorithm
combat	I-Algorithm
fraud	I-Algorithm
and	O
financial	O
crimes	O
by	O
monitoring	O
behavioral	O
patterns	O
for	O
any	O
abnormal	B-Algorithm
changes	I-Algorithm
or	I-Algorithm
anomalies	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
in	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
online	O
trading	O
and	O
decision	O
making	O
has	O
changed	O
major	O
economic	O
theories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
AI-based	B-Application
buying	O
and	O
selling	O
platforms	O
estimate	O
individualized	O
demand	O
and	O
supply	O
curves	O
and	O
thus	O
enable	O
individualized	O
pricing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
machines	O
reduce	O
information	O
asymmetry	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
thus	O
make	O
markets	O
more	O
efficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Algorithmic	O
trading	O
involves	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
systems	O
to	O
make	O
trading	O
decisions	O
at	O
speeds	O
orders	O
of	O
magnitude	O
greater	O
than	O
any	O
human	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
,	O
making	O
millions	O
of	O
trades	O
in	O
a	O
day	O
without	O
human	O
intervention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
banks	O
,	O
funds	O
,	O
and	O
proprietary	O
trading	O
firms	O
now	O
have	O
entire	O
portfolios	O
that	O
are	O
AI-managed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automated	B-Algorithm
trading	I-Algorithm
systems	I-Algorithm
are	O
typically	O
used	O
by	O
large	O
institutional	O
investors	O
but	O
include	O
smaller	O
firms	O
trading	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
AI	B-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Large	O
financial	O
institutions	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
assist	O
with	O
their	O
investment	O
practices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackRock	O
's	O
AI	B-Application
engine	O
,	O
Aladdin	B-General_Concept
,	O
is	O
used	O
both	O
within	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
by	O
clients	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
investment	O
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
functions	O
include	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
to	O
analyze	O
text	O
such	O
as	O
news	O
,	O
broker	O
reports	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
media	O
feeds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
makes	O
continuous	O
auditing	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
LaundroGraph	O
which	O
uses	O
contemporary	O
suboptimal	O
datasets	O
,	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
anti-money	O
laundering	O
(	O
AML	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
"	O
develop	O
the	O
AML	O
pipeline	O
into	O
a	O
robust	O
,	O
scalable	O
solution	O
with	O
a	O
reduced	O
false	O
positive	O
rate	O
and	O
high	O
adaptability	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
study	O
about	O
deep	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
for	O
AML	O
identified	O
"	O
key	O
challenges	O
for	O
researchers	O
"	O
to	O
have	O
"	O
access	O
to	O
recent	O
real	O
transaction	O
data	O
and	O
scarcity	O
of	O
labelled	O
training	O
data	O
;	O
and	O
data	O
being	O
highly	O
imbalanced	O
"	O
and	O
suggests	O
future	O
research	O
should	O
bring-out	O
"	O
explainability	O
,	O
graph	O
deep	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
using	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
(	O
NLP	B-Language
)	O
,	O
unsupervised	O
and	O
reinforcement	O
learning	O
to	O
handle	O
lack	O
of	O
labelled	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
;	O
and	O
joint	O
research	O
programs	O
between	O
the	O
research	O
community	O
and	O
industry	O
to	O
benefit	O
from	O
domain	O
knowledge	O
and	O
controlled	O
access	O
to	O
data	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
started	O
to	O
become	O
prominent	O
in	O
finance	O
as	O
expert	B-Application
systems	I-Application
were	O
commercialized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Dupont	O
created	O
100	O
expert	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
which	O
helped	O
them	O
to	O
save	O
almost	O
$10	O
million	O
per	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
systems	O
was	O
the	O
Protrader	O
expert	B-Application
system	I-Application
that	O
predicted	O
the	O
87-point	O
drop	O
in	O
the	O
Dow	O
Jones	O
Industrial	O
Average	O
in	O
1986	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
expert	B-Application
systems	I-Application
to	O
help	O
with	O
financial	O
plans	O
was	O
PlanPowerm	O
and	O
Client	O
Profiling	O
System	O
,	O
created	O
by	O
Applied	O
Expert	B-Application
Systems	I-Application
(	O
APEX	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1990s	O
AI	B-Application
was	O
applied	O
to	O
fraud	B-Algorithm
detection	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
FinCEN	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
System	O
(	O
FAIS	O
)	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
expert	B-Application
systems	I-Application
were	O
later	O
replaced	O
by	O
machine	O
learning	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
facial	O
recognition	O
systems	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
mass	O
surveillance	O
,	O
notably	O
in	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
Bengaluru	O
,	O
India	O
deployed	O
AI-managed	O
traffic	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
countries	O
are	O
deploying	O
AI	B-Application
military	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
technologies	O
enable	O
coordination	O
of	O
sensors	O
and	O
effectors	O
,	O
threat	O
detection	O
and	O
identification	O
,	O
marking	O
of	O
enemy	O
positions	O
,	O
target	O
acquisition	O
,	O
coordination	O
and	O
deconfliction	O
of	O
distributed	O
Joint	O
Fires	O
between	O
networked	O
combat	O
vehicles	O
involving	O
manned	O
and	O
unmanned	O
teams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
was	O
incorporated	O
into	O
military	O
operations	O
in	O
Iraq	O
and	O
Syria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
in	O
healthcare	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
for	O
classification	O
,	O
to	O
evaluate	O
a	O
CT	O
scan	O
or	O
electrocardiogram	B-Application
or	O
to	O
identify	O
high-risk	O
patients	O
for	O
population	O
health	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
is	O
helping	O
with	O
the	O
high-cost	O
problem	O
of	O
dosing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
study	O
suggested	O
that	O
AI	B-Application
could	O
save	O
$16billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
study	O
reported	O
that	O
an	O
AI-derived	O
formula	O
derived	O
the	O
proper	O
dose	O
of	O
immunosuppressant	O
drugs	O
to	O
give	O
to	O
transplant	O
patients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
research	O
has	O
indicated	O
that	O
non-cardiac	O
vascular	O
illnesses	O
are	O
also	O
being	O
treated	O
with	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
(	O
AI	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
certain	O
disorders	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
algorithms	O
can	O
assist	O
with	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
recommended	O
treatments	O
,	O
outcome	O
prediction	O
,	O
and	O
patient	O
progress	O
tracking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
AI	B-Application
technology	O
advances	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
anticipated	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
become	O
more	O
significant	O
in	O
the	O
healthcare	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
's	O
AI	B-Application
project	O
Hanover	O
helps	O
doctors	O
choose	O
cancer	O
treatments	O
from	O
among	O
the	O
more	O
than	O
800	O
medicines	O
and	O
vaccines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
study	O
reported	O
on	O
an	O
AI	B-Application
that	O
was	O
as	O
good	O
as	O
doctors	O
in	O
identifying	O
skin	O
cancers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
one	O
study	O
done	O
with	O
transfer	B-General_Concept
learning	I-General_Concept
,	O
an	O
AI	B-Application
diagnosed	O
eye	O
conditions	O
similar	O
to	O
an	O
ophthalmologist	O
and	O
recommended	O
treatment	O
referrals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
study	O
demonstrated	O
surgery	O
with	O
an	O
autonomous	O
robot	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
team	O
supervised	O
the	O
robot	B-Algorithm
while	O
it	O
performed	O
soft-tissue	O
surgery	O
,	O
stitching	O
together	O
a	O
pig	O
's	O
bowel	O
judged	O
better	O
than	O
a	O
surgeon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Architecture
neural	I-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
are	O
used	O
as	O
clinical	B-Application
decision	I-Application
support	I-Application
systems	I-Application
for	O
medical	O
diagnosis	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
concept	B-Application
processing	I-Application
technology	O
in	O
EMR	B-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
healthcare	O
tasks	O
thought	O
suitable	O
for	O
an	O
AI	B-Application
that	O
are	O
in	O
development	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
AI-enabled	O
chatbots	B-Protocol
decrease	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
humans	O
to	O
perform	O
basic	O
call	O
center	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
decision	B-Application
support	I-Application
systems	I-Application
can	O
prevent	O
industrial	O
disasters	O
and	O
make	O
disaster	O
response	O
more	O
efficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
manual	O
workers	O
in	O
material	O
handling	O
,	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
musculoskeletal	O
injury	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
collected	O
from	O
wearable	B-Operating_System
sensors	I-Operating_System
can	O
improve	O
workplace	O
health	O
surveillance	O
,	O
risk	O
assessment	O
,	O
and	O
research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
auto-code	O
workers	O
 '	O
compensation	O
claims	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-enabled	O
virtual	B-Application
reality	I-Application
systems	O
can	O
enhance	O
safety	O
training	O
for	O
hazard	O
recognition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
more	O
efficiently	O
detect	O
accident	O
near	O
misses	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
important	O
in	O
reducing	O
accident	O
rates	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
often	O
underreported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AlphaFold	B-Application
2	I-Application
can	O
determine	O
the	O
3D	O
structure	O
of	O
a	O
(	O
folded	O
)	O
protein	O
in	O
hours	O
rather	O
than	O
the	O
months	O
required	O
by	O
earlier	O
automated	O
approaches	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
the	O
likely	O
structures	O
of	O
all	O
proteins	O
in	O
the	O
human	O
body	O
and	O
essentially	O
all	O
proteins	O
known	O
to	O
science	O
(	O
more	O
than	O
200	O
million	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer-planned	O
syntheses	O
via	O
computational	O
reaction	O
networks	O
,	O
described	O
as	O
a	O
platform	O
that	O
combines	O
"	O
computational	O
synthesis	O
with	O
AI	B-Application
algorithms	O
to	O
predict	O
molecular	O
properties	O
"	O
,	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
explore	O
the	O
origins	O
of	O
life	O
on	O
Earth	O
,	O
drug-syntheses	O
and	O
developing	O
routes	O
for	O
recycling	O
200	O
industrial	O
waste	O
chemicals	O
into	O
important	O
drugs	O
and	O
agrochemicals	O
(	O
chemical	O
synthesis	O
design	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
prototype	O
robot	B-Algorithm
scientists	O
,	O
including	O
robot-embodied	O
ones	O
like	O
the	O
two	O
Robot	B-Algorithm
Scientists	O
,	O
which	O
show	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
"	O
machine	O
learning	O
"	O
not	O
commonly	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
term	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
biological	O
"	O
wetware	B-General_Concept
computers	I-General_Concept
"	O
that	O
can	O
learn	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
if	O
whole	O
brain	O
emulation	O
is	O
possible	O
via	O
both	O
scanning	O
and	O
replicating	O
the	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
,	O
bio-chemical	O
brain	O
–	O
as	O
premised	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
digital	O
replication	O
in	O
The	O
Age	O
of	O
Em	O
,	O
possibly	O
using	O
physical	B-Algorithm
neural	I-Algorithm
networks	I-Algorithm
–	O
that	O
may	O
have	O
applications	O
as	O
or	O
more	O
extensive	O
than	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
subcategory	O
of	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
is	O
embodied	O
,	O
some	O
of	O
which	O
are	O
mobile	O
robotic	O
systems	O
that	O
each	O
consist	O
of	O
one	O
or	O
multiple	O
robots	B-Algorithm
that	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
learn	O
in	O
the	O
physical	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Moreover	O
,	O
many	O
tasks	O
may	O
be	O
carried	O
out	O
inadequately	O
by	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
even	O
if	O
its	O
algorithms	O
were	O
transparent	O
,	O
understood	O
,	O
bias-free	O
,	O
apparently	O
effective	O
,	O
and	O
goal-aligned	O
and	O
its	O
trained	O
data	O
sufficiently	O
large	O
and	O
cleansed	O
–	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
cases	O
were	O
the	O
underlying	O
or	O
available	O
metrics	O
,	O
values	O
or	O
data	O
are	O
inappropriate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computer-aided	O
is	O
a	O
phrase	O
used	O
to	O
describe	O
human	O
activities	O
that	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
computing	O
as	O
tool	O
in	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
activities	O
and	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
AI	B-Application
for	O
narrow	O
tasks	O
or	O
making	O
use	O
of	O
such	O
without	O
substantially	O
relying	O
on	O
its	O
results	O
(	O
see	O
also	O
:	O
human-in-the-loop	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
study	O
described	O
the	O
biological	O
as	O
a	O
limitation	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
with	O
"	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
the	O
biological	O
system	O
cannot	O
be	O
understood	O
,	O
formalized	O
,	O
and	O
imitated	O
,	O
we	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
develop	O
technologies	O
that	O
can	O
mimic	O
it	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
if	O
it	O
was	O
understood	O
this	O
does	O
n't	O
mean	O
there	O
being	O
"	O
a	O
technological	O
solution	O
to	O
imitate	O
natural	O
intelligence	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Technologies	O
that	O
integrate	O
biology	O
and	O
are	O
often	O
AI-based	B-Application
include	O
biorobotics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
is	O
used	O
in	O
astronomy	O
to	O
analyze	O
increasing	O
amounts	O
of	O
available	O
data	O
and	O
applications	O
,	O
mainly	O
for	O
"	O
classification	O
,	O
regression	O
,	O
clustering	O
,	O
forecasting	O
,	O
generation	O
,	O
discovery	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
new	O
scientific	O
insights	O
"	O
for	O
example	O
for	O
discovering	O
exoplanets	O
,	O
forecasting	O
solar	O
activity	O
,	O
and	O
distinguishing	O
between	O
signals	O
and	O
instrumental	O
effects	O
in	O
gravitational	O
wave	O
astronomy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
via	O
anomaly	B-Algorithm
detection	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Galileo	O
Project	O
also	O
seeks	O
to	O
detect	O
two	O
further	O
types	O
of	O
potential	O
extraterrestrial	O
technological	O
signatures	O
with	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
:	O
'	O
Oumuamua-like	O
interstellar	O
objects	O
,	O
and	O
non-manmade	O
artificial	O
satellites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Loeb	O
has	O
speculated	O
that	O
one	O
type	O
of	O
technological	O
equipment	O
the	O
project	O
may	O
detect	O
could	O
be	O
"	O
AI	B-Application
astronauts	O
"	O
and	O
in	O
2021	O
–	O
in	O
an	O
opinion	O
piece	O
–	O
that	O
AI	B-Application
"	O
will	O
"	O
"	O
supersede	O
natural	O
intelligence	O
"	O
,	O
while	O
Martin	O
Rees	O
stated	O
that	O
there	O
"	O
may	O
"	O
be	O
more	O
civilizations	O
than	O
thought	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
majority	O
of	O
them	O
"	O
being	O
artificial	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
mid/far	O
future	O
or	O
non-human	O
applications	B-Application
of	I-Application
artificial	I-Application
intelligence	I-Application
could	O
include	O
advanced	O
forms	O
of	O
artificial	O
general	O
intelligence	O
that	O
engages	O
in	O
space	O
colonization	O
or	O
more	O
narrow	O
spaceflight-specific	O
types	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
concerns	O
in	O
relation	O
to	O
potential	O
AGI	O
or	O
AI	B-Application
capable	O
of	O
embryo	O
space	O
colonization	O
,	O
or	O
more	O
generally	O
natural	O
intelligence-based	O
space	O
colonization	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
"	O
safety	O
of	O
encounters	O
with	O
an	O
alien	O
AI	B-Application
"	O
,	O
suffering	O
risks	O
(	O
or	O
inverse	O
goals	O
)	O
,	O
moral	O
license/responsibility	O
in	O
respect	O
to	O
colonization-effects	O
,	O
or	O
AI	B-Application
gone	O
rogue	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
as	O
portrayed	O
with	O
fictional	O
David8	O
and	O
HAL	B-General_Concept
9000	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Loeb	O
has	O
described	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
"	O
AI	B-Application
astronauts	O
"	O
that	O
engage	O
in	O
"	O
supervised	O
evolution	O
"	O
(	O
see	O
also	O
:	O
directed	O
evolution	O
,	O
uplift	O
,	O
directed	O
panspermia	O
and	O
space	O
colonization	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
investigate	O
genomes	O
to	O
uncover	O
genetic	O
history	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
interbreeding	O
between	O
archaic	O
and	O
modern	O
humans	O
by	O
which	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
past	O
existence	O
of	O
a	O
ghost	O
population	O
,	O
not	O
Neanderthal	O
or	O
Denisovan	O
,	O
was	O
inferred	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
deep	B-Algorithm
learning	I-Algorithm
system	O
was	O
reported	O
to	O
learn	O
intuitive	O
physics	O
from	O
visual	O
data	O
(	O
of	O
virtual	O
3D	O
environments	O
)	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
unpublished	O
approach	O
inspired	O
by	O
studies	O
of	O
visual	O
cognition	O
in	O
infants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
could	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
materials	O
optimization	O
and	O
discovery	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
stable	O
materials	O
and	O
the	O
prediction	O
of	O
their	O
crystal	O
structure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
reverse	O
engineer	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
is	O
a	O
mainstay	O
of	O
law-related	O
professions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
COMPAS	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
commercial	O
system	O
used	O
by	O
U.S.	O
courts	O
to	O
assess	O
the	O
likelihood	O
of	O
recidivism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
concern	O
relates	O
to	O
algorithmic	O
bias	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
programs	O
may	O
become	O
biased	O
after	O
processing	O
data	O
that	O
exhibits	O
bias	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProPublica	O
claims	O
that	O
the	O
average	O
COMPAS-assigned	O
recidivism	O
risk	O
level	O
of	O
black	O
defendants	O
is	O
significantly	O
higher	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
white	O
defendants	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
application	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
in	O
human	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
screen	O
resumes	O
and	O
rank	O
candidates	O
based	O
on	O
their	O
qualifications	O
,	O
predict	O
candidate	O
success	O
in	O
given	O
roles	O
,	O
and	O
automate	O
repetitive	O
communication	O
tasks	O
via	O
chatbots	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
simplified	O
the	O
recruiting	O
/job	O
search	O
process	O
for	O
both	O
recruiters	O
and	O
job	O
seekers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
AI-powered	O
engine	O
streamlines	O
the	O
complexity	O
of	O
job	O
hunting	O
by	O
assessing	O
information	O
on	O
job	O
skills	O
,	O
salaries	O
,	O
and	O
user	O
tendencies	O
,	O
matching	O
job	O
seekers	O
to	O
the	O
most	O
relevant	O
positions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Machine	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
calculates	O
appropriate	O
wages	O
and	O
highlights	O
resume	O
information	O
for	O
recruiters	O
using	O
NLP	B-Language
,	O
which	O
extracts	O
relevant	O
words	O
and	O
phrases	O
from	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
application	O
is	O
an	O
AI	B-Application
resume	O
builder	O
that	O
compiles	O
a	O
CV	O
in	O
5	O
minutes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chatbots	B-Protocol
assist	O
website	O
visitors	O
and	O
refine	O
workflows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
underlies	O
avatars	O
(	O
automated	B-Protocol
online	I-Protocol
assistants	I-Protocol
)	O
on	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Google	B-Application
app	O
analyzes	O
language	O
and	O
converts	O
speech	O
into	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	O
uses	O
a	O
chatbot	B-Protocol
for	O
customer	O
service	O
that	O
can	O
perform	O
tasks	O
like	O
checking	O
the	O
status	O
of	O
an	O
order	O
,	O
cancelling	O
orders	O
,	O
offering	O
refunds	O
and	O
connecting	O
the	O
customer	O
with	O
a	O
human	O
representative	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
hospitality	O
industry	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
used	O
to	O
reduce	O
repetitive	O
tasks	O
,	O
analyze	O
trends	O
,	O
interact	O
with	O
guests	O
,	O
and	O
predict	O
customer	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
hotel	O
services	O
come	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
chatbot	B-Protocol
,	O
application	O
,	O
virtual	O
voice	B-Protocol
assistant	I-Protocol
and	O
service	O
robots	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
applications	I-Application
analyze	O
media	O
content	O
such	O
as	O
movies	O
,	O
TV	O
programs	O
,	O
advertisement	O
videos	O
or	O
user-generated	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
solutions	O
often	O
involve	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-based	B-Application
media	O
analysis	O
can	O
facilitate	O
media	O
search	O
,	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
descriptive	O
keywords	O
for	O
content	O
,	O
content	O
policy	O
monitoring	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
verifying	O
the	O
suitability	O
of	O
content	O
for	O
a	O
particular	O
TV	O
viewing	O
time	O
)	O
,	O
speech	B-Application
to	I-Application
text	I-Application
for	O
archival	O
or	O
other	O
purposes	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
detection	O
of	O
logos	O
,	O
products	O
or	O
celebrity	O
faces	O
for	O
ad	O
placement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Deep-fakes	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
comedic	O
purposes	O
but	O
are	O
better	O
known	O
for	O
fake	O
news	O
and	O
hoaxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
based	O
on	O
deep	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
from	O
which	O
the	O
name	O
deep	B-Application
fake	I-Application
was	O
taken	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Audio	B-Algorithm
deepfakes	I-Algorithm
and	O
AI	B-Application
software	I-Application
capable	O
of	O
detecting	O
deep-fakes	B-Application
and	O
cloning	O
human	O
voices	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
algorithms	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
detect	O
deepfake	B-Application
videos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
compose	O
music	O
of	O
various	O
genres	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
David	O
Cope	O
created	O
an	O
AI	B-Application
called	O
Emily	B-Application
Howell	I-Application
that	O
managed	O
to	O
become	O
well	O
known	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
algorithmic	O
computer	O
music	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
algorithm	O
behind	O
Emily	B-Application
Howell	I-Application
is	O
registered	O
as	O
a	O
US	O
patent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
Iamus	B-Operating_System
created	O
the	O
first	O
complete	O
classical	O
album	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIVA	B-Application
(	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
Virtual	O
Artist	O
)	O
,	O
composes	O
symphonic	O
music	O
,	O
mainly	O
classical	O
music	O
for	O
film	O
scores	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Watson	B-Application
Beat	O
uses	O
reinforcement	O
learning	O
and	O
deep	B-Algorithm
belief	I-Algorithm
networks	I-Algorithm
to	O
compose	O
music	O
on	O
a	O
simple	O
seed	O
input	O
melody	O
and	O
a	O
select	O
style	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
South	O
Korean	O
singer	O
Hayeon	O
's	O
debut	O
song	O
,	O
"	O
Eyes	O
on	O
You	O
"	O
was	O
composed	O
using	O
AI	B-Application
which	O
was	O
supervised	O
by	O
real	O
composers	O
,	O
including	O
NUVO	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Narrative	O
Science	O
sells	O
computer-generated	B-General_Concept
news	I-General_Concept
and	O
reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automated	O
Insights	O
generates	O
personalized	O
recaps	O
and	O
previews	O
for	O
Yahoo	B-Application
Sports	I-Application
Fantasy	O
Football	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yseop	O
,	O
uses	O
AI	B-Application
to	O
turn	O
structured	O
data	O
into	O
natural	O
language	O
comments	O
and	O
recommendations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
AI	B-Application
storytelling	O
focuses	O
on	O
story	O
generation	O
(	O
character	O
and	O
plot	O
)	O
,	O
story	O
communication	O
also	O
received	O
attention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
a	O
Japanese	O
AI	B-Application
co-wrote	O
a	O
short	O
story	O
and	O
almost	O
won	O
a	O
literary	O
prize	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
South	O
Korean	O
company	O
Hanteo	O
Global	O
uses	O
a	O
journalism	O
bot	B-Protocol
to	O
write	O
articles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Literary	O
authors	O
are	O
also	O
exploring	O
uses	B-Application
of	I-Application
AI	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
is	O
David	O
Jhave	O
Johnston	O
's	O
work	O
ReRites	B-Application
(	O
2017-2019	O
)	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
poet	O
created	O
a	O
daily	O
rite	O
of	O
editing	O
the	O
poetic	O
output	O
of	O
a	O
neural	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
to	O
create	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
performances	O
and	O
publications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Millions	O
of	O
its	O
articles	O
have	O
been	O
edited	O
by	O
bots	B-Protocol
which	O
however	O
are	O
usually	O
not	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
AI	B-Application
platforms	O
use	O
Wikipedia	O
data	O
,	O
mainly	O
for	O
training	O
machine	O
learning	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
research	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
various	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
applications	I-Application
for	O
Wikipedia	O
such	O
as	O
for	O
identifying	O
outdated	O
sentences	O
,	O
detecting	O
covert	O
vandalism	O
or	O
recommending	O
articles	O
and	O
tasks	O
to	O
new	O
editors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
has	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
translating	O
Wikipedia	O
articles	O
and	O
could	O
play	O
a	O
larger	O
role	O
in	O
creating	O
,	O
updating	O
,	O
expanding	O
,	O
and	O
generally	O
improving	O
articles	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
routinely	O
used	O
to	O
generate	O
behavior	O
in	O
non-player	O
characters	O
(	O
NPCs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
is	O
used	O
for	O
pathfinding	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
researchers	O
consider	O
NPC	O
AI	B-Application
in	O
games	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
"	O
solved	O
problem	O
"	O
for	O
most	O
production	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Games	O
with	O
less	O
typical	O
AI	B-Application
include	O
the	O
AI	B-Application
director	O
of	O
Left	B-Application
4	I-Application
Dead	I-Application
(	O
2008	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
neuroevolutionary	O
training	O
of	O
platoons	O
in	O
Supreme	B-Application
Commander	I-Application
2	I-Application
(	O
2010	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
Alien	B-Application
Isolation	I-Application
(	O
2014	O
)	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
actions	O
the	O
Alien	O
will	O
perform	O
next	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kinect	B-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
provides	O
a	O
3D	O
body	O
–	O
motion	O
interface	O
for	O
the	B-Operating_System
Xbox	I-Operating_System
360	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	B-Device
Xbox	I-Device
One	I-Device
,	O
uses	O
algorithms	O
that	O
emerged	O
from	O
AI	B-Application
research	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
visual	O
art	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
AI	B-Application
art	O
program	O
,	O
called	O
AARON	B-Language
,	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Harold	O
Cohen	O
in	O
1968	O
with	O
the	O
goal	O
of	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
code	O
the	O
act	O
of	O
drawing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
like	O
"	O
Disco	O
Diffusion	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
DALL·E	B-General_Concept
"	O
(	O
1	O
and	O
2	O
)	O
,	O
Stable	B-General_Concept
Diffusion	I-General_Concept
,	O
Imagen	B-General_Concept
,	O
"	O
Dream	O
by	O
Wombo	O
"	O
,	O
Midjourney	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
visualizing	O
conceptual	O
inputs	O
such	O
as	O
song	O
lyrics	O
,	O
certain	O
texts	O
or	O
specific	O
imagined	O
concepts	O
(	O
or	O
imaginations	O
)	O
in	O
artistic	O
ways	O
or	O
artistic	O
images	O
in	O
general	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
their	O
design	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
generative	B-Algorithm
adversarial	I-Algorithm
networks	I-Algorithm
(	O
GANs	O
)	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
by	O
AI	B-Application
artists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
GAN	O
programs	O
that	O
generate	O
art	O
include	O
Artbreeder	B-Application
and	O
DeepDream	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
original	O
art	O
,	O
research	O
methods	O
that	O
utilize	O
AI	B-Application
have	O
been	O
generated	O
to	O
quantitatively	O
analyze	O
digital	O
art	O
collections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
main	O
goal	O
of	O
the	O
large-scale	O
digitization	O
of	O
artwork	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
few	O
decades	O
was	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
accessibility	O
and	O
exploration	O
of	O
these	O
collections	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
AI	B-Application
in	O
analyzing	O
them	O
has	O
brought	O
about	O
new	O
research	O
perspectives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
guide	O
the	O
design	O
process	O
for	O
reliable	O
power	O
electronics	O
converters	O
,	O
by	O
calculating	O
exact	O
design	O
parameters	O
that	O
ensure	O
the	O
required	O
lifetime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
to	O
help	O
with	O
renewable	O
energy	O
intermittency	O
management	O
(	O
see	O
also	O
:	O
smart	B-Architecture
grid	I-Architecture
and	O
climate	O
change	O
mitigation	O
in	O
the	O
power	O
grid	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
telecommunications	O
companies	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
heuristic	B-Application
search	I-Application
to	O
manage	O
their	O
workforces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
BT	O
Group	O
deployed	O
heuristic	B-Application
search	I-Application
in	O
an	O
application	O
that	O
schedules	O
20,000	O
engineers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Machine	O
learning	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
for	O
speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
(	O
SR	O
)	O
,	O
including	O
of	O
voice-controlled	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
SR-related	O
transcription	O
,	O
including	O
of	O
videos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
has	O
been	O
combined	O
with	O
digital	O
spectrometry	O
by	O
IdeaCuria	O
Inc.	O
,	O
enable	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
at-home	O
water	O
quality	O
monitoring	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
1990s	O
early	O
AIs	B-Application
controlled	O
Tamagotchis	O
and	O
Giga	O
Pets	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
widely	O
released	O
robot	B-Algorithm
,	O
Furby	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aibo	O
was	O
a	O
domestic	O
robot	B-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
robotic	O
dog	O
with	O
intelligent	O
features	O
and	O
autonomy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mattel	O
created	O
an	O
assortment	O
of	O
AI-enabled	O
toys	O
that	O
"	O
understand	O
"	O
conversations	O
,	O
give	O
intelligent	O
responses	O
,	O
and	O
learn	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oil	O
and	O
gas	O
companies	O
have	O
used	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
tools	O
to	O
automate	O
functions	O
,	O
foresee	O
equipment	O
issues	O
,	O
and	O
increase	O
oil	O
and	O
gas	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
in	O
transport	O
is	O
expected	O
to	O
provide	O
safe	O
,	O
efficient	O
,	O
and	O
reliable	O
transportation	O
while	O
minimizing	O
the	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
environment	O
and	O
communities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-based	B-Application
fuzzy	O
logic	O
controllers	O
operate	O
gearboxes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cars	O
have	O
AI-based	B-Application
driver-assist	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
self-parking	O
and	O
adaptive	O
cruise	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
also	O
are	O
prototypes	O
of	O
autonomous	O
delivery	O
vehicles	O
,	O
sometimes	O
including	O
delivery	O
robots	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transportation	O
's	O
complexity	O
means	O
that	O
in	O
most	O
cases	O
training	O
an	O
AI	B-Application
in	O
a	O
real-world	O
driving	O
environment	O
is	O
impractical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
underpins	O
self-driving	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Companies	O
involved	O
with	O
AI	B-Application
include	O
Tesla	O
,	O
Waymo	O
,	O
and	O
General	O
Motors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI-based	B-Application
systems	O
control	O
functions	O
such	O
as	O
braking	O
,	O
lane	O
changing	O
,	O
collision	O
prevention	O
,	O
navigation	O
and	O
mapping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
optimize	O
traffic	O
management	O
,	O
which	O
reduces	O
wait	O
times	O
,	O
energy	O
use	O
,	O
and	O
emissions	O
by	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
25	O
percent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smart	B-Device
traffic	I-Device
lights	I-Device
have	O
been	O
developed	O
at	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
since	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Royal	O
Australian	O
Air	O
Force	O
(	O
RAAF	O
)	O
Air	O
Operations	O
Division	O
(	O
AOD	O
)	O
uses	O
AI	B-Application
for	O
expert	B-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIs	B-Application
operate	O
as	O
surrogate	O
operators	O
for	O
combat	O
and	O
training	O
simulators	O
,	O
mission	O
management	O
aids	O
,	O
support	O
systems	O
for	O
tactical	O
decision	O
making	O
,	O
and	O
post	O
processing	O
of	O
the	O
simulator	O
data	O
into	O
symbolic	O
summaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aircraft	O
simulators	O
use	O
AI	B-Application
for	O
training	O
aviators	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
operate	O
planes	O
analogously	O
to	O
their	O
control	O
of	O
ground	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AOD	O
uses	O
the	O
Interactive	O
Fault	O
Diagnosis	O
and	O
Isolation	O
System	O
,	O
or	O
IFDIS	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
rule-based	O
expert	B-Application
system	I-Application
using	O
information	O
from	O
TF-30	O
documents	O
and	O
expert	O
advice	O
from	O
mechanics	O
that	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
TF-30	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speech	B-Application
recognition	I-Application
allows	O
traffic	O
controllers	O
to	O
give	O
verbal	O
directions	O
to	O
drones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
supported	O
design	O
of	O
aircraft	O
,	O
or	O
AIDA	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
help	O
designers	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
creating	O
conceptual	O
designs	O
of	O
aircraft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
2016	O
Intelligent	O
Autopilot	O
System	O
combined	O
apprenticeship	B-General_Concept
learning	I-General_Concept
and	O
behavioral	O
cloning	O
whereby	O
the	O
autopilot	O
observed	O
low-level	O
actions	O
required	O
to	O
maneuver	O
the	O
airplane	O
and	O
high-level	O
strategy	O
used	O
to	O
apply	O
those	O
actions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
are	O
used	O
by	O
situational	O
awareness	O
systems	O
in	O
ships	O
and	O
boats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autonomous	O
ships	O
that	O
monitor	O
the	O
ocean	O
,	O
AI-driven	O
satellite	O
data	O
analysis	O
,	O
passive	O
acoustics	O
or	O
remote	B-Application
sensing	I-Application
and	O
other	O
applications	O
of	O
environmental	O
monitoring	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
machine	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
"	O
Global	O
Plastic	O
Watch	O
"	O
is	O
an	O
AI-based	B-Application
satellite	O
monitoring-platform	O
for	O
analysis/tracking	O
of	O
plastic	O
waste	O
sites	O
to	O
help	O
prevention	O
of	O
plastic	O
pollution	O
–	O
primarily	O
ocean	O
pollution	O
–	O
by	O
helping	O
identify	O
who	O
and	O
where	O
mismanages	O
plastic	O
waste	O
,	O
dumping	O
it	O
into	O
oceans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GitHub	B-Application
Copilot	I-Application
is	O
an	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
model	O
developed	O
by	O
GitHub	B-Application
and	O
OpenAI	O
that	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
autocomplete	O
code	O
in	O
multiple	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
other	O
AIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
around	O
November	O
2017	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
's	O
AutoML	O
project	O
to	O
evolve	O
new	O
neural	B-Architecture
net	I-Architecture
topologies	O
created	O
NASNet	O
,	O
a	O
system	O
optimized	O
for	O
ImageNet	B-General_Concept
and	O
POCO	O
F1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NASNet	O
's	O
performance	O
exceeded	O
all	O
previously	O
published	O
performance	O
on	O
ImageNet	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Machine	O
learning	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
noise-cancelling	O
in	O
quantum	O
technology	O
,	O
including	O
quantum	B-Algorithm
sensors	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
prototype	O
,	O
photonic	O
,	O
for	O
neuromorphic	O
(	O
quantum	O
-	O
)	O
computers	O
(	O
NC	O
)	O
/artificial	O
neural	O
networks	O
and	O
NC-using	O
quantum	O
materials	O
with	O
some	O
variety	O
of	O
potential	O
neuromorphic	O
computing-related	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
quantum	B-Device
machine	I-Device
learning	I-Device
is	O
a	O
field	O
with	O
some	O
variety	O
of	O
applications	O
under	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
could	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
quantum	B-Device
simulators	I-Device
which	O
may	O
have	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
solving	O
physics	O
and	O
chemistry	O
problems	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
for	O
quantum	B-Algorithm
annealers	I-Algorithm
for	O
training	O
of	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
for	O
AI	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AI	B-Application
researchers	O
have	O
created	O
many	O
tools	O
to	O
solve	O
the	O
most	O
difficult	O
problems	O
in	O
computer	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
their	O
inventions	O
have	O
been	O
adopted	O
by	O
mainstream	O
computer	O
science	O
and	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
considered	O
AI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
were	O
originally	O
developed	O
in	O
AI	B-Application
laboratories	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Business	O
websites	O
and	O
social	O
media	O
platforms	O
for	O
businesses	O
like	O
use	O
chatbots	B-Protocol
for	O
customer	O
interactions	O
like	O
helping	O
in	O
answering	O
frequently	O
asked	O
questions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Chatbots	B-Protocol
offers	O
24/7	O
support	O
and	O
replaces	O
humans	O
thereby	O
helping	O
in	O
cutting	O
business	O
costs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
optical	B-Application
character	I-Application
reader	I-Application
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
extraction	O
of	O
data	O
in	O
business	O
documents	O
like	O
invoices	O
and	O
receipts	O
.	O
</s>
