<s>
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
simply	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
and	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Passbook	B-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
a	O
digital	O
wallet	B-Operating_System
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
and	O
included	O
with	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
watchOS	B-Device
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
store	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
passes	O
such	O
as	O
coupons	O
,	O
boarding	O
passes	O
,	O
student	O
ID	O
cards	O
,	O
government	O
ID	O
cards	O
,	O
business	O
credentials	O
,	O
resort	O
passes	O
,	O
car	O
keys	O
,	O
home	O
keys	O
,	O
event	O
tickets	O
,	O
public	O
transportation	O
passes	O
,	O
store	O
cards	O
,	O
and	O
–	O
starting	O
with	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
8.1	I-Operating_System
–	O
credit	O
cards	O
,	O
debit	O
cards	O
,	O
and	O
prepaid	B-Device
cards	I-Device
for	O
use	O
via	O
Apple	B-Application
Pay	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Passbook	B-Operating_System
was	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
2012	O
Apple	O
Worldwide	O
Developers	O
Conference	O
on	O
June	O
11	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
and	O
released	O
with	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
on	O
September	O
19	O
,	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
renamed	O
"	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
"	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
on	O
September	O
16	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wallet	B-Operating_System
displays	O
Aztec	O
,	O
PDF417	O
,	O
and	O
QR	O
2D	O
barcodes	O
and	O
Code	O
128	O
1D	O
barcodes	O
beginning	O
with	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
user	O
launches	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
,	O
a	O
brief	O
introduction	O
screen	O
appears	O
with	O
a	O
button	O
inviting	O
users	O
to	O
browse	O
apps	O
on	O
the	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
with	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Passes	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
distributed	O
online	O
via	O
Safari	B-Application
,	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
via	O
email	O
,	O
or	O
scanned	O
using	O
the	O
built-in	O
scanner	O
in	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Passes	O
are	O
synced	O
between	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
using	O
iCloud	B-Application
,	O
and	O
OS	O
X	O
10.8.2	O
and	O
later	O
also	O
support	O
opening	O
passes	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
users	O
 '	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
app	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
or	O
later	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
only	O
available	O
on	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
,	O
but	O
not	O
on	O
iPad	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wallet	B-Operating_System
has	O
the	O
following	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Displays	O
1D	O
barcodes	O
of	O
following	O
types	O
:	O
Code	O
128	O
beginning	O
with	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
location	O
is	O
programmed	O
as	O
GPS	O
coordinates	O
(	O
longitude	O
,	O
latitude	O
,	O
and	O
altitude	O
)	O
and/or	O
iBeacon	B-General_Concept
UUID	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
UUID	O
is	O
a	O
Universally	O
Unique	O
Identifier	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
32	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
character	I-Protocol
code	O
or	O
a	O
code	O
automatically	O
generated	O
from	O
a	O
name	O
using	O
the	O
PassKit	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
to	O
35	O
languages	O
can	O
be	O
stored	O
for	O
each	O
pass	O
in	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pass	O
changes	O
can	O
be	O
pushed	O
via	O
the	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Push	I-Operating_System
Notification	I-Operating_System
Service	I-Operating_System
by	O
the	O
pass	O
provider	O
,	O
or	O
manually	O
updated	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
themselves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
form	O
of	O
Express	O
Mode	O
came	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Express	O
Transit	O
"	O
in	O
iOS	B-Application
12.3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
supported	O
payment	O
cards	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
stored-value	B-Device
transport	I-Device
cards	I-Device
(	O
such	O
as	O
Octopus	O
or	O
Suica	O
)	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
pay	O
for	O
journeys	O
on	O
certain	O
public	O
transport	O
networks	O
without	O
requiring	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
authenticate	O
the	O
payment	O
with	O
Touch	O
ID	O
or	O
Face	O
ID	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
needing	O
to	O
wake	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
a	O
supported	O
payment	O
or	O
transit	B-Device
card	I-Device
is	O
selected	O
as	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
Express	O
Transit	B-Device
card	I-Device
,	O
one	O
can	O
simply	O
hold	O
their	O
device	O
near	O
the	O
card	O
reader	O
to	O
authorize	O
payment	O
for	O
the	O
journey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
initial	O
functionality	O
launched	O
,	O
Express	O
Mode	O
has	O
expanded	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
card	O
schemes	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
supports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2023	O
,	O
home	O
keys	O
,	O
transit	B-Device
cards	I-Device
,	O
access	O
badges	O
,	O
campus	O
IDs	O
,	O
hotel	O
keys	O
,	O
and	O
car	O
keys	O
are	O
supported	O
types	O
of	O
cards	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
Express	O
Mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
iPhone	B-Device
XR	O
,	O
iPhone	B-Device
XS	O
,	O
or	O
iPhone	B-Device
SE	O
(	O
2nd	O
generation	O
)	O
and	O
later	O
,	O
Express	O
Mode	O
cards	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
up	O
to	O
five	O
hours	O
via	O
power	O
reserve	O
after	O
the	O
device	O
has	O
powered	O
off	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
drained	O
battery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Passes	O
can	O
be	O
updated	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
using	O
the	O
PassKit	O
API	B-General_Concept
and	O
an	O
iOS	B-Application
app	I-Application
can	O
interact	O
directly	O
with	O
passes	O
stored	O
in	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Passes	O
are	O
presented	O
and	O
managed	O
by	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Systems	O
and	O
apps	O
interact	O
with	O
passes	O
via	O
the	O
PassKit	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
known	O
implementations	O
utilizing	O
the	O
iBeacon	B-General_Concept
wireless	O
geofencing	O
started	O
to	O
appear	O
in	O
retail	O
locations	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
iBeacon	B-General_Concept
solutions	O
allowed	O
the	O
retailer	O
to	O
broadcast	O
an	O
unsolicited	O
lock-screen	O
notice	O
onto	O
smartphones	O
within	O
Bluetooth	B-Protocol
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Apple	O
incorporated	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
present	O
a	O
loyalty	O
card	O
in	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
to	O
a	O
point-of-sale	O
terminal	O
via	O
NFC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Walgreens	O
enabled	O
this	O
first	O
with	O
their	O
Balance	O
Rewards	O
loyalty	O
program	O
;	O
customers	O
can	O
add	O
their	O
card	O
to	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
through	O
the	O
Walgreens	O
or	O
Duane	O
Reade	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
and	O
tap	O
their	O
device	O
to	O
the	O
terminal	O
when	O
prompted	O
for	O
their	O
rewards	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Application
7	I-Application
,	O
along	O
with	O
Apple	B-Application
Pay	I-Application
support	O
with	O
Japan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
included	O
IC	O
e-cards	O
like	O
Suica	O
to	O
also	O
be	O
added	O
digitally	O
onto	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
cards	O
work	O
like	O
a	O
normal	O
IC	O
card	O
,	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
and	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
users	O
can	O
make	O
normal	O
transactions	O
with	O
their	O
IC	O
card	O
using	O
their	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
using	O
the	O
FeliCa	O
NFC	O
contactless	O
technology	O
to	O
operate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
users	O
can	O
also	O
reload	O
their	O
IC	O
card	O
just	O
from	O
their	O
device	O
using	O
a	O
debit	O
or	O
credit	O
card	O
added	O
to	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
get	O
a	O
Suica	O
,	O
you	O
could	O
buy	O
one	O
digitally	O
from	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
get	O
a	O
physical	O
one	O
from	O
a	O
JR	O
East	O
station	O
and	O
transfer	O
the	O
card	O
balance	O
to	O
an	O
iPhone	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Japan	O
's	O
second	O
main	O
IC	O
card	O
,	O
PASMO	O
,	O
would	O
also	O
be	O
released	O
later	O
in	O
2020	O
with	O
support	O
with	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
credentials	O
operate	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
manner	O
to	O
physical	O
RFID	B-Application
cards	O
in	O
that	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
tapped	O
to	O
supported	O
readers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
power	O
reserve	O
feature	O
on	O
select	O
iPhones	B-Device
and	O
Apple	O
Watches	O
allows	O
for	O
continued	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
card	O
even	O
when	O
the	O
battery	O
is	O
depleted	O
as	O
long	O
as	O
Express	O
Mode	O
is	O
enabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
car	O
keys	O
were	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
supported	O
BMW	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
store	O
government-issued	O
ID	O
cards	O
,	O
resort	O
passes	O
,	O
home	O
keys	O
,	O
and	O
business	O
credentials	O
in	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
February	O
2023	O
,	O
three	O
U.S.	O
States	O
offer	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
store	O
a	O
state	O
identification	O
card	O
within	O
the	O
wallet	B-Operating_System
app	O
,	O
those	O
being	O
Maryland	O
,	O
Arizona	O
,	O
and	O
Colorado	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
feature	O
to	O
track	O
your	O
Apple	B-Application
Pay	I-Application
orders	O
in	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
app	O
is	O
preinstalled	O
on	O
most	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
Apple	O
Watch	O
models	O
worldwide	O
,	O
and	O
developers	O
from	O
any	O
country	O
where	O
Apple	O
Developer	O
resources	O
are	O
available	O
can	O
develop	O
passes	O
for	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
different	O
from	O
Apple	B-Application
Pay	I-Application
,	O
which	O
resides	O
within	O
Wallet	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
currently	O
has	O
limited	O
availability	O
to	O
a	O
much	O
smaller	O
selection	O
of	O
nations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
programs	O
are	O
conveyed	O
through	O
NFC	O
via	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
's	O
VAS	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	O
that	O
support	O
One	O
Tap	O
are	O
conveyed	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
as	O
a	O
payment	O
card	O
stored	O
in	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
territories	O
permit	O
their	O
residents	O
to	O
save	O
their	O
government-issued	O
identification	O
credentials	O
in	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
equivalent	O
physical	O
credentials	O
,	O
mobile	O
government	O
IDs	O
in	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
can	O
only	O
be	O
presented	O
using	O
NFC	O
,	O
so	O
no	O
barcode	O
is	O
scanned	O
when	O
presenting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mobile	O
IDs	O
in	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
Wallet	I-Operating_System
operate	O
over	O
the	O
ISO	O
18013	O
mobile	O
personal	O
identification	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
transmission	O
to	O
the	O
reader	O
device	O
will	O
be	O
completed	O
over	O
BLE	B-General_Concept
after	O
the	O
presentation	O
is	O
fully	O
verified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Available	O
for	O
iPhone	B-Device
8	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
and	O
Apple	O
Watch	O
Series	O
4	O
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
home	O
locks	O
&	O
car	O
models	O
can	O
be	O
unlocked	O
via	O
NFC	O
with	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
XR	O
,	O
iPhone	B-Device
XS	O
or	O
later	O
,	O
and	O
Apple	O
Watch	O
Series	O
5	O
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
certain	O
car	O
models	O
that	O
support	O
operation	O
via	O
UWB	O
will	O
require	O
an	O
UWB	B-Device
compatible	I-Device
device	I-Device
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
11	O
or	O
later	O
or	O
the	O
Apple	O
Watch	O
Series	O
6	O
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
