<s>
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
high	O
quality	O
,	O
"	O
visually	B-Algorithm
lossless	I-Algorithm
"	O
lossy	B-Algorithm
video	O
compression	O
format	O
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
post-production	O
that	O
supports	O
video	B-Algorithm
resolution	I-Algorithm
up	O
to	O
8K	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
the	O
successor	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
Intermediate	I-Algorithm
Codec	I-Algorithm
and	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
2007	O
with	O
Final	B-Operating_System
Cut	I-Operating_System
Studio	I-Operating_System
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
like	O
the	O
H.26x	B-Application
and	O
MPEG	O
standards	O
,	O
the	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
family	O
of	O
codecs	O
use	O
compression	O
algorithms	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
discrete	B-General_Concept
cosine	I-General_Concept
transform	I-General_Concept
(	O
DCT	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
is	O
widely	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
final	O
format	O
delivery	O
method	O
for	O
HD	O
broadcast	O
files	O
in	O
commercials	O
,	O
features	O
,	O
Blu-ray	O
and	O
streaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
line	O
of	O
intermediate	O
codecs	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
they	O
are	O
intended	O
for	O
use	O
during	O
video	O
editing	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
for	O
practical	O
end-user	O
viewing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
only	O
using	O
intra-frame	B-General_Concept
compression	O
,	O
where	O
each	O
frame	O
is	O
stored	O
independently	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
decoded	O
with	O
no	O
dependencies	O
on	O
other	O
frames	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
Avid	O
's	O
DNxHD	O
codec	O
or	O
CineForm	B-Algorithm
which	O
offer	O
similar	O
bitrates	O
and	O
are	O
also	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
intermediate	O
codecs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
DCT	B-General_Concept
scalar	O
based	O
intra-frame-only	O
codec	O
and	O
is	O
therefore	O
simpler	O
to	O
decode	O
than	O
distribution-oriented	O
formats	O
like	O
H.264	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
Apple	O
added	O
a	O
new	O
"	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
RAW	O
"	O
(	O
compressed	O
Bayer	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
)	O
to	O
Final	B-Application
Cut	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
X	I-Application
,	O
after	O
Blackmagic	O
Design	O
implemented	O
compressed	O
Bayer	O
as	O
"	O
CinemaDNG	O
3:1	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
CinemaDNG	O
4:1	O
"	O
in	O
their	O
cameras	O
and	O
DaVinci	O
Resolve	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
supports	O
different	O
data	O
rates	O
and	O
different	O
resolutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
4444	O
and	O
4444	O
XQ	O
samples	O
color	O
in	O
the	O
4:4:4	O
schema	O
with	O
a	O
color	O
depth	O
of	O
10	O
or	O
12bits	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
optionally	O
include	O
an	O
alpha	B-Algorithm
channel	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
4444	O
and	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
4444	O
XQ	O
are	O
lossy	B-Algorithm
video	O
compression	O
formats	O
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
post-production	O
and	O
include	O
support	O
for	O
an	O
alpha	B-Algorithm
channel	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
4444	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
Final	B-Operating_System
Cut	I-Operating_System
Studio	I-Operating_System
(	O
2009	O
)	O
as	O
another	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
line	O
of	O
intermediate	O
codecs	O
for	O
editing	O
material	O
but	O
not	O
for	O
final	O
delivery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
shares	O
many	O
features	O
with	O
other	O
,	O
422	O
,	O
codecs	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
family	O
but	O
provides	O
better	O
quality	O
than	O
422	O
HQ	O
in	O
color	O
detail	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
4444	O
XQ	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
Final	B-Application
Cut	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
X	I-Application
version	O
10.1.2	O
in	O
June	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
Apple	O
released	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
RAW	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
built	O
upon	O
the	O
same	O
technology	O
as	O
other	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
codecs	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
directly	O
applied	O
to	O
the	O
raw	O
data	O
coming	O
from	O
the	O
sensor	O
,	O
thus	O
delaying	O
the	O
debayering	O
process	O
to	O
the	O
post-production	O
stage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
RAW	O
therefore	O
aims	O
at	O
quality	O
and	O
better	O
color	O
reproduction	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
28	O
August	O
2008	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
a	O
free	B-Application
ProRes	B-Algorithm
QuickTime	B-Application
Decoder	O
for	O
both	O
and	O
that	O
allows	O
playback	O
of	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
files	O
through	O
QuickTime	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
15	O
September	O
2011	O
,	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
introduced	O
a	O
free	B-Application
decoder	O
for	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
for	O
libavcodec	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
FFmbc	O
,	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
customized	O
for	O
broadcast	O
and	O
professional	O
usage	O
,	O
supports	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
and	O
4444	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
October	O
2011	O
,	O
JCodec	O
introduced	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
(	O
FreeBSD	O
License	O
)	O
pure	O
Java	B-Language
decoder	O
for	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
,	O
a	O
translation	O
of	O
the	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installing	O
Final	B-Application
Cut	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
will	O
install	O
the	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
codecs	O
for	O
encoding	O
files	O
on	O
macOS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
Final	B-Application
Cut	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
installed	O
,	O
QuickTime	B-Application
Player	I-Application
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
capture	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
video	O
from	O
any	O
compatible	O
attached	O
camera	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
"	O
Maximum	O
"	O
quality	O
setting	O
when	O
producing	O
a	O
Movie	O
Recording	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
released	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
bundled	O
with	O
other	O
pro	O
codecs	O
as	O
a	O
download	O
for	O
users	O
with	O
"	O
qualifying	O
copies	O
of	O
Final	B-Application
Cut	I-Application
Pro	I-Application
,	O
Motion	O
,	O
or	O
Compressor	O
"	O
installed	O
,	O
for	O
OS	O
X	O
with	O
QuickTime	O
7.6	O
and	O
newer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
April	O
2010	O
NAB	O
Show	O
,	O
Digital	O
Video	O
Systems	O
launched	O
the	O
first	O
Windows	O
7	O
platform	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
encode	O
to	O
all	O
the	O
varieties	O
of	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
at	O
speeds	O
far	O
faster	O
than	O
real	O
time	O
on	O
their	O
Clipster	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
31	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Telestream	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
encoding	O
on	O
Windows	O
systems	O
with	O
Episode	O
Engine	O
,	O
Vantage	O
,	O
and	O
FlipFactory	O
as	O
a	O
free	B-Application
upgrade	O
to	O
the	O
current	O
versions	O
of	O
these	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ProRes	B-Algorithm
video	O
capturing	O
and	O
output	O
to	O
tape	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
Telestream	O
's	O
Pipeline	O
network	O
encoder	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
29	O
October	O
2011	O
,	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
introduced	O
a	O
free	B-Application
encoder	O
,	O
enabling	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
encoding	O
on	O
all	O
FFmpeg	B-Library
supported	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
1	O
November	O
2011	O
,	O
JCodec	O
introduced	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
(	O
FreeBSD	O
License	O
)	O
pure	O
Java	B-Language
encoder	O
for	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
April	O
2012	O
NAB	O
Show	O
,	O
Brevity	O
introduced	O
a	O
customized	O
algorithm	O
for	O
the	O
accelerated	O
transport	O
and	O
encoding	O
of	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
typical	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
frame	O
has	O
the	O
following	O
layout	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Arri	B-Algorithm
Alexa	I-Algorithm
has	O
a	O
built-in	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
recording	O
unit	O
for	O
its	O
1080p	O
and	O
2K	O
video	O
streams	O
,	O
supporting	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
4444	O
and	O
all	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
422	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
June	O
2011	O
,	O
several	O
hardware-based	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
encoders	O
exist	O
,	O
from	O
AJA	O
Video	O
Systems	O
(	O
HD	O
FireWire	O
800	O
interface	O
;	O
Ki	O
Pro	O
and	O
Ki	O
Pro	O
Mini	O
portable	O
recorders	O
,	O
Ki	O
Pro	O
Rack	O
and	O
Ki	O
Pro	O
Ultra	O
for	O
4K/UltraHD	O
workflows	O
)	O
,	O
Atomos	O
(	O
Ninja	O
and	O
Samurai	O
recorders	O
)	O
,	O
Sound	O
Devices	O
(	O
PIX	O
series	O
recorders	O
)	O
,	O
Convergent	O
Designs	O
(	O
Odyssey7	O
,	O
7Q	O
,	O
7Q+	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Fast	O
Forward	O
Video	O
(	O
Sidekick	O
recorder	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
NAB	O
2012	O
,	O
Blackmagic	O
announced	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
recording	O
support	O
for	O
their	O
HyperDeck	O
SSD	B-Device
recorders	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
onboard	O
recording	O
on	O
the	O
Blackmagic	O
Cinema	O
Camera	O
,	O
and	O
Brevity	O
announced	O
a	O
GPU-based	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
transcoder	B-Algorithm
with	O
simultaneous	O
accelerated	O
file	O
transport	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
Blackmagic	O
Design	O
release	O
Blackmagic	O
Cinema	O
Camera	O
that	O
record	O
in	O
raw	O
and	O
Prores	B-Algorithm
files	O
directly	O
in	O
camera	O
4:2:2	O
10bit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
Convergent	O
Design	O
introduced	O
their	O
Odyssey7	O
and	O
Odyssey7Q	O
monitor/recorders	O
that	O
can	O
record	O
in	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
422	O
(	O
HQ	O
)	O
and	O
are	O
certified	O
by	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
Atomos	O
introduced	O
their	O
latest	O
advanced	O
recorder	O
Shogun	O
that	O
can	O
record	O
4K	B-Architecture
in	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
AJA	O
introduced	O
the	O
CION	O
production	O
camera	O
that	O
can	O
capture	O
4K/UltraHD/2K/HD	O
to	O
all	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
422	O
formats	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
4444	O
in	O
12-bit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
Blackmagic	O
Design	O
release	O
UrsaMini	O
4.6k	O
that	O
can	O
capture	O
from	O
4.6k	O
to	O
HD	O
in	O
all	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
flavor	O
from	O
Proxy	O
to	O
4444	O
in	O
12-bit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018/2019	O
Blackmagic	O
Design	O
release	O
Pocket	O
Cinema	O
Camera	O
4K	B-Architecture
that	O
can	O
capture	O
4k/UltraHD/1080p	O
in	O
all	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
ProRes	I-Algorithm
422	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
Mac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
has	O
a	O
new	O
"	O
Apple	O
Afterburner	O
"	O
card	O
as	O
an	O
optional	O
component	O
to	O
accelerate	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
and	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
RAW	O
decoding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Operating_System
13	I-Operating_System
Pro	I-Operating_System
,	O
finally	O
enabling	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
codec	O
for	O
encoding/decoding	O
with	O
its	O
built-in	O
camera	O
app	O
alongside	O
its	O
recent	O
addition	O
of	O
DNG	O
raw	O
photos	O
(	O
DNG	O
v5.1	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
12	O
Pro	O
Models	O
,	O
at	O
up	O
to	O
3840	O
×	O
2160	O
30p	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
HQ	O
with	O
Dolby	O
Vision	O
HDR	O
color	O
profiles	O
on	O
models	O
with	O
at	O
least	O
256	O
GB	O
of	O
storage	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
128	O
GB	O
model	O
will	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
1080p	O
30p	O
with	O
its	O
built-in	O
camera	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
Filmic	O
Pro	O
(	O
a	O
third-party	O
application	O
,	O
notably	O
used	O
by	O
Apple	O
for	O
their	O
demo	O
reels	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
)	O
bypasses	O
this	O
limitation	O
on	O
lower	O
end	O
models	O
and	O
allows	O
full	O
industry	O
compliant	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
10bit	O
4:2:2	O
profiles	O
LT	O
,	O
422	O
,	O
and	O
HQ	O
using	O
the	O
less	O
supported	O
Dolby	O
Vision	O
HDR	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
M1	I-Device
Pro	I-Device
and	I-Device
M1	I-Device
Max	I-Device
,	O
variants	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
M1	I-Device
System	B-Architecture
on	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
chip	I-Architecture
containing	O
,	O
among	O
other	O
new	O
features	O
,	O
hardware	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
encoding	O
and	O
decoding	O
acceleration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
June	O
6	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
M2	I-Device
with	O
8K	B-Architecture
ProRes	B-Algorithm
hardware	O
decoding	O
and	O
encoding	O
acceleration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
January	O
17	O
,	O
2023	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
M2	I-Device
Pro	O
and	O
M2	O
Max	O
with	O
8K	B-Architecture
ProRes	B-Algorithm
hardware	O
decoding	O
and	O
encoding	O
acceleration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ProRes	B-Algorithm
codec	O
was	O
awarded	O
an	O
Engineering	O
Emmy	O
Award	O
in	O
2020	O
for	O
"	O
Outstanding	O
Achievement	O
in	O
Technology	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
