<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
(	O
styled	O
as	O
Apple	B-Device
//e	I-Device
)	O
is	O
the	O
third	O
model	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
series	I-Device
of	O
personal	O
computers	O
produced	O
by	O
Apple	O
Computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
last	O
surviving	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
computer	I-Device
line	O
before	O
discontinuation	O
,	O
and	O
having	O
been	O
manufactured	O
and	O
sold	O
for	O
nearly	O
11	O
years	O
with	O
relatively	O
few	O
changes	O
,	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
earned	O
the	O
distinction	O
of	O
being	O
the	O
longest-lived	O
computer	O
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Computer	O
planned	O
to	O
discontinue	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
series	I-Device
after	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
III	I-Device
in	O
1980	O
;	O
the	O
company	O
intended	O
to	O
clearly	O
establish	O
market	O
segmentation	O
by	O
designing	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
III	I-Device
to	O
appeal	O
to	O
the	O
business	O
market	O
,	O
leaving	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
for	O
home	O
and	O
education	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Management	O
believed	O
that	O
"	O
once	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
III	I-Device
was	O
out	O
,	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
would	O
stop	O
selling	O
in	O
six	O
months	O
"	O
,	O
cofounder	O
Steve	O
Wozniak	O
later	O
said	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
time	O
IBM	O
released	O
the	O
rival	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
in	O
1981	O
,	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
's	O
technology	O
was	O
already	O
four	O
years	O
old	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
1981	O
InfoWorld	O
reported	O
—	O
below	O
the	O
PC	O
's	O
announcement	O
—	O
that	O
Apple	O
was	O
secretly	O
developing	O
three	O
new	O
computers	O
"	O
to	O
be	O
ready	O
for	O
release	O
within	O
a	O
year	O
"	O
:	O
Lisa	B-Device
,	O
Macintosh	B-Device
,	O
and	O
"	O
Diana	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Describing	O
the	O
last	O
as	O
a	O
software-compatible	O
Apple	O
II	O
replacement	O
—	O
"	O
A	O
6502	B-General_Concept
machine	O
using	O
custom	O
LSI	O
"	O
and	O
a	O
simpler	O
motherboard	O
—	O
it	O
said	O
that	O
Diana	O
"	O
was	O
ready	O
for	O
release	O
months	O
ago	O
"	O
but	O
decided	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
design	O
to	O
better	O
compete	O
with	O
the	O
Xerox	B-Device
820	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Apple	O
's	O
plans	O
to	O
phase	O
out	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
delayed	O
by	O
complications	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
III	I-Device
"	O
,	O
the	O
article	O
also	O
said	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
III	I-Device
initially	O
struggled	O
,	O
management	O
decided	O
in	O
1981	O
that	O
the	O
further	O
continuation	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
was	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
best	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
years	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
Plus	O
,	O
essentially	O
at	O
a	O
standstill	O
,	O
came	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
Apple	O
II	O
model	O
—	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
(	O
codenamed	O
"	O
Diana	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Super	O
II	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
1983	O
,	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
Plus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
was	O
the	O
first	O
Apple	O
computer	O
with	O
a	O
custom	O
ASIC	O
chip	O
,	O
which	O
reduced	O
much	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
discrete	O
IC-based	O
circuitry	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
hardware	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
III	I-Device
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
bank-switched	O
memory	O
)	O
were	O
borrowed	O
in	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
,	O
and	O
some	O
from	O
incorporating	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
Plus	O
Language	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
notable	O
improvements	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
is	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
full	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
character	I-Protocol
set	I-Protocol
and	O
keyboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
machine	O
came	O
standard	O
with	O
64KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
with	O
the	O
equivalent	O
of	O
a	O
built-in	O
Apple	O
Language	O
Card	O
in	O
its	O
circuitry	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
new	O
special	O
"	O
Auxiliary	O
slot	O
"	O
(	O
replacing	O
slot	O
0	O
,	O
though	O
electronically	O
mapped	O
to	O
slot	O
3	O
for	O
compatibility	O
with	O
earlier	O
third-party	O
80-column	B-Device
cards	I-Device
)	O
for	O
adding	O
more	O
memory	O
via	O
bank-switching	O
RAM	B-Architecture
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
this	O
slot	O
it	O
also	O
includes	O
built-in	O
support	O
for	O
an	O
80-column	O
text	O
display	O
on	O
monitors	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
plug-in	O
1K	O
memory	O
card	O
,	O
via	O
bank-switching	O
of	O
40	O
columns	O
)	O
and	O
could	O
be	O
easily	O
doubled	O
to	O
128KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
by	O
alternatively	O
plugging	O
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
Extended	B-Device
80-Column	I-Device
Text	I-Device
Card	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
time	O
progressed	O
,	O
even	O
more	O
memory	O
could	O
be	O
added	O
through	O
third-party	O
cards	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
bank-switching	O
slot	O
or	O
,	O
alternatively	O
,	O
general-purpose	O
slot	O
cards	O
that	O
addressed	O
memory	O
1	O
byte	B-Application
at	O
a	O
time	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Slinky	O
RAM	B-Architecture
cards	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
lowered	O
production	O
costs	O
and	O
improved	O
reliability	O
by	O
merging	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
several	O
off-the-shelf	O
ICs	O
into	O
single	O
custom	O
chips	O
,	O
reducing	O
total	O
chip	O
count	O
to	O
31	O
(	O
previous	O
models	O
used	O
120	O
chips	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IIe	B-Device
also	O
switched	O
to	O
using	O
newer	O
single-voltage	O
64x1	O
DRAM	O
chips	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
triple-voltage	O
16x1	O
DRAM	O
in	O
the	O
II/II	O
+	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
the	O
motherboard	O
design	O
is	O
much	O
cleaner	O
and	O
runs	O
cooler	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
with	O
enough	O
room	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
pin-connector	O
for	O
an	O
(	O
optional	O
)	O
external	O
numeric	B-Device
keypad	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
added	O
was	O
a	O
backport-accessible	O
DE-9	O
joystick	O
connector	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
far	O
easier	O
for	O
users	O
to	O
add	O
and	O
remove	O
game	O
and	O
input	O
devices	O
(	O
previous	O
models	O
requiring	O
plugging	O
the	O
joystick/paddles	O
directly	O
into	O
a	O
16-pin	O
DIP	O
socket	O
on	O
the	O
motherboard	O
;	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
retained	O
this	O
connector	O
for	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
than	O
cutout	O
V-shaped	O
slot	O
openings	O
as	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
and	O
II	O
Plus	O
,	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
has	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
different-sized	O
openings	O
,	O
with	O
thumb-screw	O
holes	O
,	O
to	O
accommodate	O
mounting	O
interface	O
cards	O
with	O
DB-xx	O
and	O
DE-xx	O
connectors	O
(	O
removable	O
plastic	O
covers	O
filled	O
the	O
cutouts	O
if	O
not	O
used	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later-production	O
IIe	B-Device
models	O
had	O
the	O
RAM	B-Architecture
soldered	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
board	O
rather	O
than	O
socketed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
hardware	O
changes	O
,	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
maintained	O
a	O
high	O
degree	O
of	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
previous	O
models	O
,	O
allowing	O
most	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
from	O
those	O
systems	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
provided	O
technical	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
to	O
hundreds	O
of	O
developers	O
before	O
its	O
release	O
,	O
and	O
claimed	O
that	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
85	O
to	O
90%	O
of	O
Apple	O
II	O
software	O
worked	O
with	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BYTE	B-Application
wrote	O
in	O
February	O
1983	O
that	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
was	O
"	O
like	O
having	O
an	O
Apple	O
II	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
extras	O
built	O
in	O
...	O
with	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
exciting	O
new	O
features	O
and	O
capabilities	O
"	O
for	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
price	O
as	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
InfoWorlds	O
reviewers	O
,	O
Apple	O
II	O
Plus	O
owners	O
for	O
four	O
years	O
,	O
wished	O
that	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
's	O
price	O
were	O
lower	O
but	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
"	O
does	O
give	O
you	O
more	O
for	O
your	O
money	O
,	O
however	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
found	O
compatibility	O
to	O
be	O
very	O
high	O
,	O
and	O
concluded	O
that	O
"	O
we	O
are	O
generally	O
pleased	O
with	O
the	O
changes	O
Apple	O
has	O
provided	O
with	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Creative	B-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
said	O
in	O
December	O
1984	O
that	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
and	O
IIc	O
were	O
the	O
best	O
home	O
computers	O
with	O
prices	O
above	O
$500	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
better	O
for	O
those	O
wanting	O
expansion	O
cards	O
,	O
color	O
graphics	O
,	O
and	O
educational	O
and	O
entertainment	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
magazine	O
also	O
chose	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
as	O
the	O
best	O
educational	O
computer	O
above	O
$1000	O
,	O
citing	O
Apple	O
's	O
strong	O
early	O
commitment	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
and	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
third-party	O
education-related	O
peripherals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
production	O
from	O
January	O
1983	O
to	O
November	O
1993	O
,	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
remained	O
relatively	O
unchanged	O
through	O
the	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
's	O
introduction	O
,	O
and	O
well	O
into	O
the	O
first	O
few	O
months	O
of	O
production	O
,	O
this	O
motherboard	O
shipped	O
with	O
all	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Graphics	B-Device
modes	I-Device
supported	I-Device
are	O
identical	O
to	O
,	O
and	O
limited	O
to	O
,	O
those	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
Plus	O
before	O
it	O
(	O
Double-Low/Double	O
-High	O
resolution	O
is	O
not	O
supported	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
the	O
"	O
Revision	O
A	O
"	O
motherboard	O
's	O
release	O
in	O
1983	O
,	O
engineers	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
bank-switching	O
feature	O
(	O
which	O
used	O
a	O
paralleled	O
64	O
KB	O
of	O
RAM	B-Architecture
on	O
the	O
Extended	O
80-Column	B-Device
Card	I-Device
or	O
1	O
KB	O
to	O
produce	O
80	O
columns	O
using	O
bank-switching	O
)	O
could	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
a	O
new	O
graphics	O
mode	O
,	O
Double-High-Resolution	O
,	O
which	O
doubles	O
the	O
horizontal	O
resolution	O
and	O
increases	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
colors	O
from	O
the	O
6	O
of	O
standard	O
High-Resolution	O
to	O
16	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
later	O
years	O
Apple	O
labeled	O
newer	O
IIe	B-Device
motherboards	O
with	O
a	O
"	O
-A	O
"	O
suffix	O
once	O
again	O
,	O
although	O
in	O
terms	O
of	O
functionality	O
they	O
were	O
Revision	O
B	O
motherboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
IIe	B-Device
uses	O
a	O
case	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
Plus	O
,	O
painted	O
and	O
with	O
Velcro-type	O
clips	O
to	O
secure	O
the	O
lid	O
with	O
a	O
strip	O
of	O
metal	O
mesh	O
along	O
the	O
edge	O
to	O
eliminate	O
radio	O
frequency	O
interference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
1985	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
replaced	O
the	O
original	O
machine	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
revision	O
called	O
the	O
Enhanced	O
IIe	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
completely	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
machine	O
except	O
for	O
four	O
chips	O
changed	O
on	O
the	O
motherboard	O
(	O
and	O
a	O
small	O
"	O
Enhanced	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
65C02	B-General_Concept
"	O
sticker	O
placed	O
over	O
the	O
keyboard	O
power	O
indicator	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
purpose	O
of	O
the	O
update	O
was	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
more	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
Apple	O
IIc	O
(	O
released	O
the	O
previous	O
year	O
)	O
and	O
,	O
to	O
a	O
smaller	O
degree	O
,	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
Plus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
change	O
involved	O
a	O
new	O
processor	O
,	O
the	O
CMOS-based	O
65C02	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
character	O
ROM	O
for	O
the	O
text	O
modes	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
new	O
ROM	O
firmware	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
65C02	B-General_Concept
added	O
more	O
CPU	O
instructions	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
character	O
ROM	O
added	O
32	O
special	O
"	O
MouseText	B-Device
"	O
characters	O
(	O
which	O
allowed	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
a	O
GUI-like	O
display	O
in	O
text	O
mode	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
IBM	O
code	O
page	O
437	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
ROM	O
firmware	O
fixed	O
problems	O
and	O
speed	O
issues	O
with	O
80-column	O
text	O
,	O
introduced	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
use	O
lowercase	O
in	O
Applesoft	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
and	O
Monitor	O
,	O
and	O
contained	O
some	O
other	O
smaller	O
improvements	O
(	O
and	O
fixes	O
)	O
in	O
the	O
latter	O
two	O
(	O
including	O
the	O
return	O
of	O
the	O
Mini-Assembler	O
—	O
which	O
had	O
vanished	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
the	O
II	O
Plus	O
firmware	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
affected	O
compatibility	O
with	O
a	O
small	O
number	O
of	O
software	O
titles	O
(	O
particularly	O
those	O
that	O
did	O
not	O
follow	O
Apple	O
programming	O
guidelines	O
and	O
rules	O
,	O
used	O
illegal	B-Language
opcodes	I-Language
that	O
were	O
no	O
longer	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
new	O
CPU	O
,	O
or	O
used	O
the	O
alternate	O
80-column	O
character	O
set	O
that	O
MouseText	B-Device
now	O
occupied	O
)	O
a	O
fair	O
bit	O
of	O
newer	O
software	O
—	O
mostly	O
productivity	O
applications	O
and	O
utilities	O
—	O
required	O
the	O
Enhanced	O
chipset	O
to	O
run	O
at	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
official	O
upgrade	O
kit	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
replacement	O
chips	O
and	O
an	O
"	O
Enhanced	O
"	O
sticker	O
badge	O
,	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
for	O
purchase	O
to	O
owners	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
alternative	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
which	O
some	O
users	O
chose	O
as	O
a	O
cost-cutting	O
measure	O
,	O
was	O
to	O
simply	O
purchase	O
their	O
own	O
65C02	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
and	O
create	O
(	O
unlicensed	O
and	O
illegal	O
)	O
duplicates	O
of	O
the	O
updated	O
ROMs	O
using	O
re-rewritable	O
EPROM	B-General_Concept
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Apple	O
phased	O
out	O
the	O
Enhancement	O
kit	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
this	O
became	O
the	O
only	O
available	O
method	O
for	O
users	O
looking	O
to	O
upgrade	O
their	O
IIe	B-Device
,	O
and	O
remains	O
so	O
right	O
up	O
until	O
the	O
present	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1987	O
came	O
the	O
final	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
,	O
often	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
Platinum	O
IIe	B-Device
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
color	O
change	O
of	O
its	O
case	O
to	O
the	O
light-grey	O
color	O
scheme	O
that	O
Apple	O
dubbed	O
"	O
Platinum	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
the	O
color	O
change	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
new	O
keyboard	O
layout	O
with	O
built-in	O
numeric	B-Device
keypad	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
keyboard	O
was	O
changed	O
to	O
match	O
the	O
layout	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
,	O
with	O
the	O
reset	O
key	O
moved	O
above	O
the	O
ESC	O
and	O
'	O
1	O
 '	O
keys	O
,	O
the	O
Open	O
and	O
Solid	O
Apple	O
modifier	O
keys	O
replaced	O
by	O
Command	B-Device
and	O
Option	O
and	O
the	O
power	O
LED	O
relocated	O
above	O
the	O
numeric	B-Device
keypad	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gone	O
were	O
the	O
recessed	O
metal	O
ID	O
badges	O
(	O
showing	O
the	O
Apple	O
logo	O
and	O
name	O
,	O
with	O
"	O
//e	O
"	O
beside	O
it	O
)	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
simpler	O
"	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
"	O
silk	O
screened	O
on	O
the	O
case	O
lid	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	O
Garamond	O
font	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internally	O
,	O
a	O
(	O
reduced	O
in	O
size	O
)	O
Extended	O
80-Column	B-Device
Card	I-Device
was	O
factory-installed	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
Platinum	O
IIe	B-Device
come	O
standard	O
with	O
128KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
Double-Hi-Res	O
graphics	O
enabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
motherboard	O
has	O
a	O
reduced	O
chip	O
count	O
by	O
merging	O
the	O
two	O
system	O
ROM	O
chips	O
into	O
one	O
and	O
using	O
higher-density	O
memory	O
chips	O
so	O
its	O
64KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
can	O
be	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
two	O
(	O
64	O
Kbx4	O
)	O
chips	O
rather	O
than	O
eight	O
(	O
64	O
Kbx1	O
)	O
chips	O
,	O
bringing	O
the	O
count	O
down	O
to	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
24	O
chips	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
solder	O
pad	O
location	O
on	O
the	O
motherboard	O
,	O
present	O
since	O
the	O
original	O
IIe	B-Device
,	O
for	O
(	O
optionally	O
)	O
making	O
presses	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
Shift	O
"	O
keys	O
detectable	O
in	O
software	O
,	O
is	O
now	O
shorted	O
by	O
default	O
so	O
that	O
the	O
feature	O
is	O
always	O
active	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
such	O
cases	O
,	O
the	O
specialized	O
devices	O
were	O
rendered	O
useless	O
on	O
the	O
Platinum	O
IIe	B-Device
unless	O
the	O
user	O
removed	O
the	O
capacitors	O
from	O
the	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
no	O
firmware	O
changes	O
present	O
,	O
and	O
functionally	O
the	O
motherboard	O
was	O
otherwise	O
identical	O
to	O
the	O
Enhanced	O
IIe	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
final	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
(	O
which	O
was	O
not	O
sold	O
in	O
Europe	O
)	O
was	O
quietly	O
discontinued	O
on	O
November	O
15	O
,	O
1993	O
,	O
which	O
(	O
following	O
the	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
a	O
year	O
earlier	O
)	O
effectively	O
marked	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
family	I-Device
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
1991	O
,	O
shortly	O
after	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
LC	I-Device
series	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
the	O
PDS	O
slot-based	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
Card	I-Device
for	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
plugging	O
this	O
card	O
into	O
a	O
Macintosh	B-Device
LC	I-Device
(	O
and	O
later	O
models	O
incorporating	O
an	O
LC	O
PDS	B-Device
slot	I-Device
)	O
,	O
through	O
hardware	O
and	O
(	O
some	O
)	O
software	B-Application
emulation	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
can	O
run	O
most	O
software	O
written	O
for	O
the	O
8-bit	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
miniaturized	O
computer	O
on	O
a	O
card	O
was	O
made	O
possible	O
by	O
a	O
chip	O
called	O
the	O
Gemini	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
heavily	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Mega	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
first	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
computer	O
to	O
emulate	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Gemini	O
duplicates	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
a	O
standard	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
,	O
minus	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
ROM	O
,	O
video	O
generation	O
and	O
CPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
the	O
built-in	O
Macintosh	B-Device
peripherals	O
can	O
be	O
"	O
borrowed	O
"	O
by	O
the	O
card	O
when	O
in	O
Apple	O
II	O
mode	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
extra	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
3-inch	O
floppy	O
,	O
AppleTalk	O
networking	O
,	O
clock	O
,	O
hard	O
disk	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
video	O
is	O
emulated	B-Application
using	O
Macintosh	B-Device
QuickDraw	B-Operating_System
routines	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
sometimes	O
unable	O
to	O
keep	O
up	O
with	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
a	O
real	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
,	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
slower	O
host	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
Card	I-Device
is	O
thought	O
of	O
as	O
an	O
Apple	O
II	O
compatibility	O
solution	O
or	O
emulator	B-Application
rather	O
than	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
II	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
keyboard	O
differed	O
depending	O
on	O
what	O
region	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
it	O
was	O
sold	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
French	O
accented	O
characters	O
on	O
the	O
Canadian	O
IIe	B-Device
such	O
as	O
"	O
à	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
é	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
ç	O
"	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
British	O
Pound	O
"	O
£	O
"	O
symbol	O
on	O
the	O
UK	O
IIe	B-Device
)	O
while	O
other	O
times	O
the	O
layout	O
and	O
shape	O
of	O
keys	O
greatly	O
differed	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
European	O
IIe	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
countries	O
these	O
localized	O
IIes	B-Device
also	O
support	O
50Hz	O
PAL	O
video	O
instead	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
60Hz	O
NTSC	O
video	O
and	O
the	O
different	O
220/240	O
volt	O
power	O
of	O
that	O
region	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
equivalent	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
PAL	O
color	O
card	O
"	O
for	O
the	O
earlier	O
Apple	O
II	O
Europlus	O
model	O
was	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
motherboard	O
of	O
these	O
IIes	B-Device
,	O
so	O
that	O
color	O
graphics	O
are	O
available	O
without	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
a	O
slot	O
card	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
difference	O
with	O
the	O
European	O
IIe	B-Device
,	O
is	O
the	O
Auxiliary	O
slot	O
physically	O
moved	O
in	O
location	O
so	O
it	O
is	O
in	O
line	O
and	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
slot	O
3	O
,	O
preventing	O
both	O
slots	O
from	O
being	O
used	O
simultaneously	O
for	O
full-sized	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
third-party	O
cards	O
are	O
affected	O
by	O
this	O
;	O
some	O
European	O
cards	O
plug	O
into	O
both	O
slots	O
simultaneously	O
and	O
are	O
thus	O
unusable	O
on	O
American	O
IIes	B-Device
,	O
and	O
some	O
American	O
cards	O
do	O
not	O
fit	O
into	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
European	O
IIes	B-Device
because	O
the	O
European	O
location	O
of	O
the	O
Auxiliary	O
slot	O
leaves	O
less	O
room	O
for	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
approximately	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
period	O
that	O
the	O
Platinum	O
IIe	B-Device
was	O
being	O
produced	O
(	O
1987	O
)	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
an	O
alternative	O
machine	O
for	O
the	O
European	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
reused	O
the	O
original	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
case	O
mold	O
and	O
keyboard	O
,	O
but	O
both	O
were	O
redyed	O
in	O
the	O
platinum	O
color	O
scheme	O
—	O
including	O
the	O
metal	O
ID	O
badges	O
which	O
were	O
recolored	O
from	O
dark	O
brown	O
to	O
platinum	O
,	O
blending	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
case	O
lid	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
sticker	O
over	O
the	O
keyboard	O
power	O
indicator	O
was	O
labeled	O
"	O
65C02	B-General_Concept
"	O
rather	O
than	O
"	O
Enhanced	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internally	O
it	O
used	O
the	O
same	O
(	O
newer	O
)	O
motherboard	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
Platinum	O
IIe	B-Device
with	O
reduced	O
chip	O
count	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
absent	O
is	O
the	O
numeric	B-Device
keypad	I-Device
and	O
standardized	O
keyboard	O
layout	O
found	O
on	O
the	O
Platinum	O
IIe	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
cosmetic	O
reissue	O
of	O
the	O
classic	O
IIe	B-Device
,	O
with	O
new	O
motherboard	O
and	O
new	O
coloring	O
scheme	O
,	O
was	O
only	O
available	O
in	O
Europe	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
also	O
had	O
regional	O
differences	O
mentioned	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
computer	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
September	O
1986	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
making	O
an	O
upgrade	O
kit	O
for	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
upgrade	O
cost	O
US$500	O
,	O
plus	O
the	O
trade-in	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
existing	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
motherboard	O
and	O
baseplate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
would	O
bring	O
their	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
machines	O
in	O
to	O
an	O
authorized	O
dealership	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
65C02-based	O
IIe	B-Device
motherboard	O
and	O
lower	O
baseboard	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
were	O
swapped	O
for	O
a	O
65C816-based	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
motherboard	O
with	O
a	O
new	O
baseboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
metal	O
sticker	O
ID	O
badges	O
replaced	O
those	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
,	O
rebranding	O
the	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Retained	O
were	O
the	O
upper	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
case	O
,	O
the	O
keyboard	O
,	O
speaker	O
,	O
and	O
power	O
supply	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Original	O
IIGS	B-Device
motherboards	O
(	O
those	O
produced	O
between	O
1986	O
and	O
mid-1989	O
)	O
had	O
electrical	O
connections	O
for	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
power	O
supply	O
and	O
keyboard	O
present	O
,	O
although	O
only	O
about	O
half	O
of	O
the	O
units	O
produced	O
had	O
the	O
physical	O
plug	O
connectors	O
factory-soldered	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
upgrade	O
kit	O
proved	O
unpopular	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
a	O
mouse	O
;	O
the	O
keyboard	O
did	O
not	O
mimic	O
all	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
Desktop	O
Bus	O
keyboard	O
;	O
and	O
some	O
cards	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
did	O
not	O
fit	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIe	I-Device
's	O
slanted	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Western	O
Design	O
Center	O
(	O
the	O
company	O
that	O
designed	O
the	O
16-bit	O
65C816	B-General_Concept
processor	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
IIGS	I-Device
)	O
also	O
sold	O
a	O
16-bit	O
65C802	B-General_Concept
processor	O
that	O
was	O
a	O
drop-in	O
,	O
pin-compatible	O
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
65C02	B-General_Concept
that	O
made	O
the	O
full	O
16-bit	O
65C816	B-General_Concept
instruction	O
set	O
available	O
to	O
the	O
IIe	B-Device
,	O
but	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
8-bit	O
data	O
bus	O
as	O
the	O
65C02	B-General_Concept
;	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
upgrade	O
was	O
insufficient	O
,	O
by	O
itself	O
,	O
to	O
allow	O
IIGS	B-Device
software	O
to	O
run	O
,	O
as	O
IIGS	B-Device
software	O
additionally	O
required	O
the	O
IIGS	B-Device
's	O
firmware	O
and	O
specialized	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
