<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
home	O
computer	O
series	O
was	O
frequently	O
cloned	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
and	O
abroad	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
some	O
sources	O
(	O
see	O
below	O
)	O
,	O
more	O
than	O
190	O
different	O
models	O
of	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clones	I-Device
were	O
manufactured	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Without	O
explicitly	O
stating	O
that	O
they	O
were	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clones	I-Device
,	O
many	O
had	O
fruit-related	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Agat	B-Device
was	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
compatible	O
computers	O
produced	O
in	O
the	O
Soviet	O
Union	O
between	O
1984	O
and	O
1993	O
,	O
widely	O
used	O
in	O
schools	O
in	O
the	O
80	O
's	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
mass-produced	O
models	O
,	O
the	O
Agat	B-Device
4	O
and	O
Agat	B-Device
7	O
,	O
had	O
different	O
memory	O
layouts	O
and	O
video	O
modes	O
from	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
which	O
made	O
them	O
only	O
partially	O
compatible	O
with	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Agats	B-Device
were	O
not	O
direct	O
clones	O
of	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
but	O
rather	O
uniquely	O
designed	O
computers	O
based	O
on	O
6502	O
CPU	O
and	O
emulated	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
helped	O
developers	O
to	O
port	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
software	O
titles	O
to	O
Agat	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
later	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
Agat	B-Device
9	O
,	O
had	O
an	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
compatibility	O
mode	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
box	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soviet	O
engineers	O
and	O
enthusiasts	O
developed	O
thousands	O
of	O
software	O
titles	O
for	O
Agat	B-Device
,	O
including	O
system	O
software	O
,	O
business	O
applications	O
and	O
educational	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bulgarian	O
Pravetz	B-Device
Series	I-Device
8	I-Device
was	O
an	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clone	I-Device
with	O
Cyrillic	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basis	O
,	O
a	O
German	O
company	O
,	O
created	O
the	O
Basis	O
108	O
,	O
a	O
clone	O
for	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
that	O
included	O
both	O
a	O
6502	O
processor	O
and	O
the	O
Zilog	O
Z80	O
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
CP/M	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
as	O
well	O
as	O
most	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Basis	O
108	O
was	O
equipped	O
with	O
built-in	O
Centronics	O
(	O
parallel	O
)	O
and	O
RS232c	O
(	O
serial	O
)	O
ports	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
standard	O
six	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
compatible	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
it	O
came	O
with	O
a	O
detached	O
full-stroke	O
keyboard	B-Device
(	O
AZERTY/QWERTY	O
)	O
of	O
100	O
keys	O
plus	O
15	O
functions	O
keys	O
and	O
separate	O
numeric	O
and	O
editing	O
keypads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
European	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clone	I-Device
was	O
the	O
Pearcom	O
Pear	O
II	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
original	O
as	O
it	O
sported	O
not	O
eight	O
but	O
fourteen	O
expansion	O
slots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Bosnian	O
company	O
named	O
IRIS	O
Computers	O
(	O
subsidiary	O
of	O
an	O
electric	O
company	O
in	O
Bosnia	O
and	O
Herzegovina	O
and	O
Yugoslavia	O
’s	O
ENERGOINVEST	O
)	O
produced	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clones	I-Device
starting	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IRIS8	O
machines	O
looked	O
like	O
early	O
IBM	B-Device
PCs	I-Device
,	O
with	O
a	O
separate	O
central	O
unit	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
cooling	O
system	O
and	O
two	O
5.25-inch	O
disks	O
,	O
monitor	O
,	O
and	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
complete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Australian-produced	O
clone	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
was	O
the	O
Medfly	O
,	O
named	O
after	O
the	O
Mediterranean	O
fruit	O
fly	O
that	O
attacks	O
apples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Medfly	O
computer	O
featured	O
a	O
faster	O
processor	O
,	O
more	O
memory	O
,	O
detached	O
keyboard	B-Device
,	O
lower	O
and	O
upper	O
case	B-General_Concept
characters	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
built-in	O
disk	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
1980s	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
around	O
20	O
different	O
clones	O
of	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
computers	O
in	O
that	O
country	O
,	O
all	O
of	O
them	O
using	O
illegally	O
copied	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
(	O
since	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
and	O
II	O
Plus	O
used	O
commonly	O
available	O
TTL	O
integrated	O
circuits	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
names	O
include	O
Elppa	O
(	O
"	O
Apple	O
"	O
spelled	O
backwards	O
)	O
,	O
Maxtro	O
,	O
Exato	O
MC4000	O
(	O
by	O
CCE	O
)	O
,	O
AP	O
II	O
(	O
by	O
Unitron	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
an	O
"	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
"	O
(	O
manufactured	O
by	O
a	O
company	O
called	O
Milmar	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
using	O
the	O
name	O
illegally	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
the	O
Laser	O
IIc	O
was	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Milmar	O
and	O
,	O
despite	O
the	O
name	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
clone	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
,	O
not	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
IIc	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
had	O
a	O
design	O
similar	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
IIc	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
integrated	O
floppy	O
controller	O
and	O
80-column	O
card	O
,	O
but	O
without	O
an	O
integrated	O
floppy	O
disk	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ace	O
clones	O
from	O
Franklin	O
Computer	O
Corporation	O
were	O
the	O
best	O
known	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clones	I-Device
and	O
had	O
the	O
most	O
lasting	O
impact	O
,	O
as	O
Franklin	O
copied	O
Apple	O
's	O
ROMs	O
and	O
software	O
and	O
freely	O
admitted	O
to	O
doing	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
See	O
Apple	B-Device
Computer	I-Device
,	I-Device
Inc	I-Device
.	I-Device
v	I-Device
.	I-Device
Franklin	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
Corp	I-Device
.	I-Device
)	O
Franklin	O
later	O
released	O
non-infringing	O
but	O
less-compatible	O
clones	O
;	O
these	O
could	O
run	O
ProDOS	O
and	O
AppleWorks	O
and	O
had	O
an	O
Applesoft-like	O
BASIC	O
,	O
but	O
compatibility	O
with	O
other	O
software	O
was	O
hit-or-miss	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
also	O
challenged	O
VTech	O
's	O
Laser	B-Device
128	I-Device
,	O
an	O
enhanced	O
clone	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
IIc	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
1984	O
,	O
in	O
court	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Laser	B-Device
128	I-Device
proved	O
popular	O
and	O
remained	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
many	O
years	O
,	O
both	O
in	O
its	O
original	O
form	O
and	O
in	O
accelerated	O
versions	O
that	O
ran	O
faster	O
than	O
1MHz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
it	O
was	O
not	O
fully	O
compatible	O
with	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
,	O
it	O
was	O
close	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
popularity	O
ensured	O
that	O
most	O
major	O
developers	O
tested	O
their	O
software	O
on	O
a	O
Laser	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
on	O
genuine	O
Apple	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
it	O
was	O
frequently	O
sold	O
via	O
mail	O
order	O
and	O
mass-market	O
retailers	O
such	O
as	O
Sears	O
,	O
the	O
Laser	B-Device
128	I-Device
cut	O
into	O
the	O
sales	O
of	O
low-cost	O
competitors	O
such	O
as	O
Commodore	O
Business	O
Machines	O
as	O
much	O
as	O
it	O
did	O
Apple	O
's	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
the	O
first	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clones	I-Device
were	O
generally	O
exact	O
copies	O
of	O
their	O
Apple	O
counterparts	O
that	O
competed	O
mainly	O
on	O
price	O
,	O
many	O
clones	O
had	O
extra	O
capabilities	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Franklin	O
model	O
,	O
the	O
Ace	O
1000	O
,	O
sported	O
a	O
numeric	O
keypad	O
and	O
lower-case	O
long	O
before	O
these	O
features	O
were	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Laser	B-Device
128	I-Device
series	O
is	O
sometimes	O
credited	O
with	O
spurring	O
Apple	O
to	O
release	O
the	O
Apple	O
IIc	O
Plus	O
;	O
the	O
built-in	O
3-inch	O
drive	O
and	O
accelerated	O
processor	O
were	O
features	O
Laser	O
had	O
pioneered	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Laser	B-Device
128	I-Device
also	O
had	O
a	O
IIe-style	O
expansion	O
slot	O
on	O
the	O
side	O
that	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
add	O
peripheral	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bell	O
&	O
Howell	O
,	O
an	O
audiovisual	O
equipment	O
manufacturer	O
whose	O
products	O
(	O
particularly	O
film	O
projectors	O
)	O
were	O
ubiquitous	O
in	O
American	O
schools	O
,	O
offered	O
what	O
appeared	O
at	O
first	O
glance	O
to	O
be	O
an	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
clone	O
in	O
a	O
distinctive	O
black	O
plastic	O
case	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
these	O
were	O
in	O
fact	O
real	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
units	O
manufactured	O
by	O
Apple	O
for	O
B&H	O
for	O
a	O
brief	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ITT	O
made	O
the	O
ITT	B-Device
2020	I-Device
,	O
a	O
licensed	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
clone	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
the	O
same	O
shape	O
as	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
but	O
was	O
matte	O
silver	O
(	O
it	O
was	O
sometimes	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
silver	O
Apple	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
was	O
not	O
an	O
exact	O
copy	O
functionally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ITT2020	O
produced	O
a	O
PAL	B-Language
video	O
signal	O
for	O
the	O
European	O
market	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
domestic	O
US	O
market	O
used	O
NTSC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
using	O
the	O
BIOS	O
worked	O
correctly	O
on	O
both	O
the	O
Apple	O
and	O
ITT	O
,	O
but	O
software	O
written	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
Apple	O
's	O
display	O
hardware	O
directly	O
,	O
bypassing	O
the	O
BIOS	O
,	O
displayed	O
with	O
vertical	O
stripes	O
on	O
the	O
ITT	B-Device
2020	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
itself	O
was	O
later	O
introduced	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
and	O
both	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
and	O
ITT	B-Device
2020	I-Device
were	O
sold	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
ITT	O
at	O
a	O
lower	O
price	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
case	B-General_Concept
looked	O
nearly	O
identical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
clones	O
also	O
supported	O
lower	O
case	B-General_Concept
characters	O
,	O
toggled	O
with	O
a	O
^O	O
keystroke	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
</s>
<s>
Often	O
these	O
machines	O
would	O
boot	O
up	O
with	O
a	O
familiar	O
logo	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
after	O
the	O
dealers	O
removed	O
E-proms	O
of	O
original	O
Apple	O
ROMs	O
and	O
added	O
them	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Norwegian	O
company	O
West	O
Computer	O
AS	O
introduced	O
an	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
clone	I-Device
West	B-Device
PC-800	I-Device
in	O
1984	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
technically	O
a	O
clone	O
,	O
Quadram	O
produced	O
an	O
add-in	O
ISA	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
,	O
called	O
the	O
Quadlink	O
,	O
that	O
provided	O
hardware	O
emulation	O
of	O
an	O
Apple	O
II+	O
for	O
the	O
IBM	B-Device
PC	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allowed	O
the	O
PC	O
to	O
operate	O
in	O
a	O
dual-boot	B-Operating_System
fashion	O
:	O
when	O
booted	O
through	O
the	O
Quadlink	O
,	O
the	O
PC	O
could	O
run	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
software	O
,	O
and	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
Apple-formatted	O
floppies	O
through	O
the	O
standard	O
PC	O
floppy	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
company	O
,	O
Diamond	O
Computer	O
Systems	O
,	O
produced	O
a	O
similar	O
card	O
called	O
the	O
Trackstar	O
,	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
dual	O
pair	O
of	O
6502	O
CPUs	O
,	O
and	O
ran	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
software	O
using	O
an	O
Apple	O
licensed	O
ROM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Trackstar	O
(	O
and	O
"	O
128	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Plus	O
"	O
model	O
)	O
was	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
Plus	O
compatible	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
"	O
Trackstar	O
E	O
"	O
,	O
Apple	O
IIe	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
offered	O
64K	O
of	O
usable	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
RAM	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
other	O
models	O
128K	O
RAM	O
(	O
192K	O
is	O
on	O
board	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
additional	O
memory	O
reserved	O
for	O
the	O
Trackstar	O
itself	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Trackstar	O
also	O
contained	O
a	O
Z80	O
CPU	O
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
run	O
both	O
Apple	O
DOS	O
and	O
Apple	B-Application
CP/M	I-Application
software	O
,	O
however	O
the	O
newer	O
Trackstar	O
models	O
did	O
not	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
dropped	O
CP/M	B-Application
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
