<s>
AppleTalk	B-Application
Remote	I-Application
Access	I-Application
,	O
or	O
ARA	O
,	O
was	O
a	O
protocol	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
that	O
allowed	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
to	O
be	O
run	O
over	O
modems	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARA	O
slowly	O
disappeared	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
when	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
took	O
over	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
networking	O
needs	O
,	O
notably	O
remote	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
IP	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
Ethernet	O
cards	O
or	O
even	O
Token	B-Device
Ring	I-Device
with	O
little	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
slower	O
speeds	O
,	O
like	O
on	O
modems	B-Application
,	O
things	O
become	O
somewhat	O
more	O
difficult	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
protocols	O
often	O
have	O
"	O
invisible	O
"	O
assumptions	O
about	O
timing	O
and	O
performance	O
that	O
make	O
it	O
inefficient	O
with	O
very	O
limited	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleTalk	B-Application
included	O
miniatures	O
that	O
made	O
this	O
even	O
more	O
difficult	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
particular	O
,	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
had	O
several	O
internal	O
tasks	O
for	O
discovery	O
and	O
naming	O
that	O
ran	O
all	O
the	O
time	O
and	O
made	O
the	O
protocol	O
"	O
chatty	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
ARA	O
was	O
considerably	O
more	O
complex	O
than	O
similar	O
solutions	O
for	O
IP	O
,	O
replacing	O
many	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
stack	O
and	O
seriously	O
modifying	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
ARA	O
was	O
quite	O
large	O
,	O
larger	O
than	O
the	O
basic	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
stack	O
,	O
and	O
somewhat	O
memory	O
hungry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
SLIP	B-Protocol
and	O
the	O
increased	O
use	O
of	O
IP	O
on	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
led	O
to	O
some	O
infighting	O
within	O
Apple	O
as	O
the	O
profits	O
from	O
ARA	O
were	O
reduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
support	O
for	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
was	O
added	O
,	O
the	O
product	O
line	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
Apple	O
Remote	O
Access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
supported	O
AppleTalk	B-Application
connections	O
over	O
ARAP	O
and	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
connections	O
over	O
PPP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
it	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
required	O
,	O
as	O
Apple	O
has	O
migrated	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
its	O
networking	O
software	O
to	O
IP	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
remote	O
access	O
software	O
for	O
free	O
.	O
</s>
