<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
is	O
a	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
created	O
by	O
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
that	O
facilitates	O
automated	O
control	O
over	O
scriptable	O
Mac	B-Device
applications	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
introduced	O
in	O
System	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
is	O
currently	O
included	O
in	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
package	O
of	O
system	O
automation	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
AppleScript	B-Application
"	O
may	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
itself	O
,	O
to	O
an	O
individual	O
script	O
written	O
in	O
the	O
language	O
,	O
or	O
,	O
informally	O
,	O
to	O
the	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Open	O
Scripting	B-Language
Architecture	O
that	O
underlies	O
the	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
is	O
primarily	O
a	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
to	O
do	O
inter-application	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
(	O
IAC	O
)	O
using	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
is	O
related	O
to	O
,	O
but	O
different	O
from	O
,	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
are	O
designed	O
to	O
exchange	O
data	O
between	O
and	O
control	O
other	O
applications	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
automate	O
repetitive	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
has	O
some	O
processing	O
abilities	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
sending	O
and	O
receiving	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
to	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
can	O
do	O
basic	O
calculations	O
and	O
text	O
processing	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
extensible	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
scripting	B-Language
additions	O
that	O
add	O
new	O
functions	O
to	O
the	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Mainly	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
relies	O
on	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
applications	O
and	O
processes	O
to	O
handle	O
complex	O
tasks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
structured	B-Language
command	O
language	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
can	O
be	O
compared	O
to	O
Unix	B-Application
shells	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
Script	O
Host	O
,	O
or	O
IBM	B-Language
REXX	I-Language
but	O
it	O
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
all	O
three	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Essential	O
to	O
its	O
functionality	O
is	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
Macintosh	B-Device
applications	O
publish	O
"	O
dictionaries	O
"	O
of	O
addressable	O
objects	O
and	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
has	O
some	O
elements	O
of	O
procedural	B-Application
programming	I-Application
,	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
(	O
particularly	O
in	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
script	O
objects	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
natural	B-General_Concept
language	I-General_Concept
programming	I-General_Concept
tendencies	O
in	O
its	O
syntax	O
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
strictly	O
conform	O
to	O
any	O
of	O
these	O
programming	O
paradigms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
late	O
1980s	O
Apple	O
considered	O
using	O
HyperCard	B-Application
's	O
HyperTalk	B-Language
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
as	O
the	O
standard	O
language	O
for	O
end-user	O
development	O
across	O
the	O
company	O
and	O
within	O
its	O
classic	B-Application
Mac	I-Application
OS	I-Application
operating	O
system	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
interprocess	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
between	O
Apple	O
and	O
non-Apple	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HyperTalk	B-Language
could	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
novices	O
to	O
program	O
a	O
HyperCard	B-Application
stack	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
engineers	O
recognized	O
that	O
a	O
similar	O
,	O
but	O
more	O
object-oriented	B-Language
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
could	O
be	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
any	O
application	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
AppleScript	B-Application
project	O
was	O
born	O
as	O
a	O
spin-off	O
of	O
a	O
research	O
effort	O
to	O
modernize	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
as	O
a	O
whole	O
and	O
finally	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
System	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
October	O
1993	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
System	O
7.1.1	O
(	O
System	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
Pro	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
upgrade	O
to	O
System	B-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
QuarkXPress	B-Operating_System
(	O
ver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3.2	O
)	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
that	O
supported	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
in	O
turn	O
led	O
to	O
AppleScript	B-Application
being	O
widely	O
adopted	O
within	O
the	O
publishing	O
and	O
prepress	O
world	O
,	O
often	O
tying	O
together	O
complex	O
workflows	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
a	O
key	O
factor	O
in	O
retaining	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
's	O
dominant	O
position	O
in	O
publishing	O
and	O
prepress	O
,	O
even	O
after	O
QuarkXpress	B-Operating_System
and	O
other	O
publishing	O
applications	O
were	O
ported	O
to	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
some	O
uncertainty	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
on	O
Apple	O
's	O
next	O
generation	O
OS	O
,	O
the	O
move	O
to	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
(	O
around	O
2002	O
)	O
and	O
its	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
frameworks	O
greatly	O
increased	O
the	O
usefulness	O
and	O
flexibility	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
applications	O
allow	O
application	B-Application
developers	O
to	O
implement	O
basic	O
scriptability	B-Language
for	O
their	O
apps	O
with	O
minimal	O
effort	O
,	O
broadening	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
applications	O
that	O
are	O
directly	O
scriptable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
shift	O
to	O
the	O
Unix	O
underpinnings	O
and	O
AppleScript	B-Application
's	O
ability	O
to	O
run	O
Unix	O
commands	O
directly	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
do	O
shell	B-Language
script	I-Language
command	O
,	O
allowed	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
much	O
greater	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
Studio	O
,	O
released	O
with	O
Mac	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
10.2	I-Operating_System
as	O
part	O
of	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
later	O
AppleScriptObjC	O
framework	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
10.6	I-Device
,	O
allowed	O
users	O
to	O
build	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
applications	O
using	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
2006	O
article	O
,	O
Macworld	O
included	O
AppleScript	B-Application
among	O
its	O
rankings	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
30	O
most	O
significant	O
products	O
to	O
date	O
,	O
placing	O
it	O
at	O
#17	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
2013	O
article	O
for	O
Macworld	O
,	O
veteran	O
Mac	B-Device
software	O
developer	O
and	O
commentator	O
John	O
Gruber	O
concluded	O
his	O
reflection	O
on	O
"	O
the	O
unlikely	O
persistence	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
"	O
by	O
noting	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
theory	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
could	O
be	O
much	O
better	O
;	O
in	O
practice	O
,	O
though	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
the	O
best	O
thing	O
we	O
have	O
that	O
works	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
exemplifies	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
's	O
advantages	O
over	O
iOS	B-Application
for	O
tinkerers	O
and	O
advanced	O
users.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2016	O
,	O
longtime	O
AppleScript	B-Application
product	O
manager	O
and	O
automation	O
evangelist	O
Sal	O
Soghoian	O
left	O
Apple	O
when	O
his	O
position	O
was	O
eliminated	O
"	O
for	O
business	O
reasons	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Veterans	O
in	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
community	O
such	O
as	O
John	O
Gruber	O
and	O
Andy	O
Ihnatko	O
generally	O
responded	O
with	O
concern	O
,	O
questioning	O
Apple	O
's	O
commitment	O
to	O
the	O
developer	O
community	O
and	O
pro	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
senior	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
software	O
engineering	O
Craig	O
Federighi	O
responded	O
in	O
an	O
email	O
saying	O
that	O
"	O
We	O
have	O
every	O
intent	O
to	O
continue	O
our	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
great	O
automation	O
technologies	O
in	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
!	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
,	O
though	O
Jeff	O
Gamet	O
at	O
The	O
Mac	B-Device
Observer	O
opined	O
that	O
it	O
did	O
little	O
to	O
assuage	O
his	O
doubt	O
about	O
the	O
future	O
of	O
Apple	O
automation	O
in	O
general	O
and	O
AppleScript	B-Application
in	O
particular	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
time	O
being	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
remains	O
one	O
component	B-Operating_System
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
automation	O
technologies	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
Automator	O
,	O
Shortcuts	B-Operating_System
,	O
Services	O
,	O
and	O
shell	B-Language
scripting	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
was	O
designed	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
an	O
accessible	O
end-user	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
offering	O
users	O
an	O
intelligent	O
mechanism	O
to	O
control	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
access	O
and	O
modify	O
data	O
and	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
uses	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
standardized	O
data	O
formats	O
that	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
operating	O
system	O
uses	O
to	O
send	O
information	O
to	O
applications	O
,	O
roughly	O
analogous	O
to	O
sending	O
XPath	B-Language
queries	O
over	O
XML-RPC	B-Protocol
in	O
the	O
world	O
of	O
web	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
allow	O
a	O
script	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
multiple	O
applications	O
simultaneously	O
,	O
passing	O
data	O
between	O
them	O
so	O
that	O
complex	O
tasks	O
can	O
be	O
accomplished	O
without	O
human	O
interaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
an	O
AppleScript	B-Application
to	O
create	O
a	O
simple	O
web	O
gallery	O
might	O
do	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Open	O
a	O
photo	O
in	O
a	O
photo-editing	O
application	B-Application
(	O
by	O
sending	O
that	O
application	B-Application
an	O
Open	O
File	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
event	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tell	O
the	O
photo-editing	O
application	B-Application
to	O
manipulate	O
the	O
image	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Tell	O
the	O
photo-editing	O
application	B-Application
to	O
save	O
the	O
changed	O
image	O
in	O
a	O
file	O
in	O
some	O
different	O
folder	O
(	O
by	O
sending	O
that	O
application	B-Application
a	O
Save	O
and/or	O
Close	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
event	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Send	O
the	O
new	O
file	O
path	O
(	O
via	O
another	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
event	I-Operating_System
)	O
to	O
a	O
text	O
editor	O
or	O
web	O
editor	O
application	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tell	O
that	O
editor	O
application	B-Application
to	O
write	O
a	O
link	O
for	O
the	O
photo	O
into	O
an	O
HTML	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upload	O
the	O
HTML	O
file	O
and	O
folder	O
of	O
revised	O
photos	O
to	O
a	O
website	O
,	O
by	O
sending	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
to	O
a	O
graphical	O
FTP	B-Protocol
client	I-Protocol
,	O
by	O
using	O
built-in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
commands	O
,	O
or	O
by	O
sending	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
to	O
Unix	O
FTP	B-Protocol
utilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
application	B-Application
's	O
scriptable	O
elements	O
are	O
visible	O
in	O
the	O
application	B-Application
's	O
Scripting	B-Language
Dictionary	O
(	O
distributed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
application	B-Application
)	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
in	O
any	O
script	B-Operating_System
editor	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Classes	O
are	O
scriptable	O
objects	O
—	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
text	O
editing	O
application	B-Application
will	O
almost	O
certainly	O
have	O
classes	O
for	O
windows	O
,	O
documents	O
,	O
and	O
texts	O
—	O
and	O
these	O
classes	O
will	O
have	O
properties	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
changed	O
(	O
window	O
size	O
,	O
document	O
background	O
color	O
,	O
text	O
font	O
size	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
general	O
format	O
for	O
a	O
block	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
is	O
to	O
tell	O
a	O
scriptable	O
object	O
to	O
run	O
a	O
command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
scriptable	O
applications	O
share	O
a	O
few	O
basic	O
commands	O
and	O
objects	O
,	O
usually	O
called	O
the	O
Standard	O
Suite	O
—	O
commands	O
to	O
open	O
,	O
close	O
or	O
save	O
a	O
file	O
,	O
to	O
print	O
something	O
,	O
to	O
quit	O
,	O
to	O
set	O
data	O
to	O
variables	O
—	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
basic	O
application	B-Application
object	O
that	O
gives	O
the	O
scriptable	O
properties	O
of	O
the	O
application	B-Application
itself	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
applications	O
have	O
numerous	O
suites	O
capable	O
of	O
performing	O
any	O
task	O
the	O
application	B-Application
itself	O
can	O
perform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
exceptional	O
cases	O
,	O
applications	O
may	O
support	O
plugins	O
which	O
include	O
their	O
own	O
scripting	B-Language
dictionaries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
was	O
designed	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
build	O
scripts	O
intuitively	O
by	O
recording	O
user	O
actions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
AppleScript	B-Application
recordability	O
has	O
to	O
be	O
engineered	O
into	O
the	O
app	O
—	O
the	O
app	O
must	O
support	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
and	O
AppleScript	B-Application
recording	O
;	O
as	O
Finder	B-Application
supports	O
AppleScript	B-Application
recording	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
useful	O
for	O
reference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
AppleScript	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
(	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
open	O
and	O
the	O
Record	O
button	O
clicked	O
,	O
user	O
actions	O
for	O
recordable	O
apps	O
are	O
converted	O
to	O
their	O
equivalent	O
AppleScript	B-Application
commands	O
and	O
output	O
to	O
the	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
window	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
AppleScript	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
first	O
released	O
in	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
Leopard	I-Application
,	O
it	O
may	O
also	O
begin	O
with	O
a	O
number	O
sign	O
( #	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
comments	O
that	O
take	O
up	O
multiple	O
lines	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
uses	O
parentheses	O
with	O
asterisks	O
inside	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
AppleScript	B-Application
,	O
the	O
traditional	O
"	O
Hello	O
,	O
World	O
!	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
has	O
several	O
user	O
interface	O
options	O
,	O
including	O
dialogs	O
,	O
alerts	O
,	O
and	O
list	O
of	O
choices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
character	O
¬	O
,	O
produced	O
by	O
typing	O
in	O
the	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
,	O
denotes	O
continuation	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
statement	O
across	O
multiple	O
lines	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
are	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
send	O
messages	O
into	O
applications	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
is	O
a	O
particular	O
language	O
designed	O
to	O
send	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
keeping	O
with	O
the	O
objective	O
of	O
ease-of-use	O
for	O
beginners	O
,	O
the	O
AppleScript	B-Application
language	O
is	O
designed	O
on	O
the	O
natural	B-General_Concept
language	I-General_Concept
metaphor	O
,	O
just	O
as	O
the	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
is	O
designed	O
on	O
the	O
desktop	B-Application
metaphor	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
well-written	O
AppleScript	B-Application
should	O
be	O
clear	O
enough	O
to	O
be	O
read	O
and	O
understood	O
by	O
anyone	O
,	O
and	O
easily	O
edited	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
is	O
based	O
largely	O
on	O
HyperCard	B-Application
's	O
HyperTalk	B-Language
language	O
,	O
extended	O
to	O
refer	O
not	O
only	O
to	O
the	O
HyperCard	B-Application
world	O
of	O
cards	O
and	O
stacks	O
,	O
but	O
also	O
theoretically	O
to	O
any	O
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
AppleScript	B-Application
team	O
introduced	O
the	O
AppleEvent	B-Operating_System
Object	I-Operating_System
Model	I-Operating_System
(	O
AEOM	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
specifies	O
the	O
objects	O
any	O
particular	O
application	B-Application
"	O
knows	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
AppleScript	B-Application
language	O
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
terms	O
that	O
act	O
as	O
nouns	O
and	O
verbs	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
different	O
verb	O
to	O
print	O
a	O
page	O
,	O
document	O
or	O
range	O
of	O
pages	B-Application
(	O
such	O
as	O
printPage	O
,	O
printDocument	O
,	O
printRange	O
)	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
single	O
"	O
print	O
"	O
verb	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
an	O
object	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
page	O
,	O
a	O
document	O
or	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
pages	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AEOM	O
uses	O
an	O
application	B-Application
dictionary	O
to	O
associate	O
the	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
with	O
human-readable	O
terms	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
translation	O
back	O
and	O
forth	O
between	O
human-readable	O
AppleScript	B-Application
and	O
bytecode	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
In	O
the	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
and	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
applications	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
under	O
File	O
→	O
Open	O
Dictionary	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
designate	O
which	O
application	B-Application
is	O
meant	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
target	O
of	O
such	O
a	O
message	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
"	O
tell	O
"	O
construct	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
events	O
in	O
the	O
"	O
Core	O
Suite	O
"	O
(	O
activate	O
,	O
open	O
,	O
reopen	O
,	O
close	O
,	O
print	O
,	O
and	O
quit	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
application	B-Application
may	O
be	O
supplied	O
as	O
the	O
direct	O
object	O
to	O
transitive	O
commands	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
which	O
in	O
another	O
programming	O
language	O
might	O
be	O
expressed	O
as	O
sequential	O
method	O
calls	O
,	O
like	O
in	O
this	O
pseudocode	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
includes	O
syntax	O
for	O
ordinal	O
counting	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
first	O
paragraph	O
"	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
cardinal	O
,	O
"	O
paragraph	O
one	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
the	O
numbers	O
themselves	O
can	O
be	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
text	O
or	O
numerically	O
,	O
"	O
five	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
fifth	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
5	O
"	O
are	O
all	O
supported	O
;	O
they	O
are	O
synonyms	O
in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Script	B-Operating_System
editors	I-Operating_System
provide	O
a	O
unified	O
programing	O
environment	O
for	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
,	O
including	O
tools	O
for	O
composing	O
,	O
validating	O
,	O
compiling	O
,	O
running	O
,	O
and	O
debugging	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
provide	O
mechanisms	O
for	O
opening	O
and	O
viewing	O
AppleScript	B-Application
dictionaries	O
from	O
scriptable	O
applications	O
,	O
saving	O
scripts	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
formats	O
(	O
compiled	O
script	B-Language
files	I-Language
,	O
application	B-Application
packages	I-Application
,	O
script	O
bundles	O
,	O
and	O
plain	O
text	O
files	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
usually	O
provide	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
syntax	O
highlighting	O
and	O
prewritten	O
code	O
snippets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
(	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
)	O
The	O
editor	O
for	O
AppleScript	B-Application
packaged	O
with	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
called	O
AppleScript	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
in	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
Snow	I-Device
Leopard	I-Device
(	O
10.6	B-Device
)	O
through	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
(	O
10.9	B-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
in	O
all	O
earlier	O
and	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	O
to	O
scripting	B-Language
dictionaries	O
and	O
prewritten	O
code	O
snippets	O
is	O
available	O
through	O
the	O
application	B-Application
menus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
OS	B-Device
X	I-Device
Yosemite	I-Device
(	O
10.10	B-Device
)	O
,	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
includes	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
write	O
in	O
both	O
AppleScript	B-Application
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xcode	B-Operating_System
A	O
suite	O
of	O
tools	O
for	O
developing	O
applications	O
with	O
features	O
for	O
editing	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
or	O
creating	O
full-fledged	O
applications	O
written	O
with	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Script	B-Operating_System
Debugger	I-Operating_System
,	O
from	O
Late	O
Night	O
Software	O
A	O
third-party	O
commercial	O
IDE	O
for	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Script	B-Operating_System
Debugger	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
more	O
advanced	O
AppleScript	B-Application
environment	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
script	O
writer	O
to	O
debug	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
via	O
single	O
stepping	O
,	O
breakpoints	O
,	O
stepping	O
in	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
functions/subroutines	O
,	O
variable	O
tracking	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Script	B-Operating_System
Debugger	I-Operating_System
also	O
contains	O
an	O
advanced	O
dictionary	O
browser	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
see	O
the	O
dictionary	O
in	O
action	O
in	O
real	O
world	O
situations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
is	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
a	O
listing	O
of	O
what	O
the	O
dictionary	O
covers	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
open	O
a	O
document	O
in	O
Pages	B-Application
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
and	O
see	O
how	O
the	O
dictionary	O
's	O
terms	O
apply	O
to	O
that	O
document	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
easier	O
to	O
determine	O
which	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
dictionary	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Script	B-Operating_System
Debugger	I-Operating_System
is	O
not	O
designed	O
to	O
create	O
scripts	O
with	O
a	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
other	O
than	O
basic	O
alerts	O
and	O
dialogs	O
,	O
but	O
is	O
focused	O
more	O
on	O
the	O
coding	O
and	O
debugging	O
of	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smile	B-Operating_System
and	O
SmileLab	O
A	O
third-party	O
freeware/commercial	O
IDE	O
for	O
AppleScript	B-Application
,	O
itself	O
written	O
entirely	O
in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smile	B-Operating_System
is	O
free	O
,	O
and	O
primarily	O
designed	O
for	O
AppleScript	B-Application
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Smile	B-Operating_System
and	O
SmileLab	O
use	O
an	O
assortment	O
of	O
different	O
windows	O
—	O
AppleScript	B-Application
windows	O
for	O
running	O
and	O
saving	O
full	O
scripts	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
terminals	O
for	O
testing	O
code	O
line-by-line	O
,	O
unicode	O
windows	O
for	O
working	O
with	O
text	O
and	O
XML	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
create	O
complex	O
interfaces	O
—	O
called	O
dialogs	O
—	O
for	O
situations	O
where	O
the	O
built-in	O
dialogs	O
in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
are	O
insufficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASObjC	O
Explorer	O
4	O
,	O
from	O
Shane	O
Stanley	O
A	O
discontinued	O
third-party	O
commercial	O
IDE	O
for	O
AppleScript	B-Application
,	O
especially	O
for	O
AppleScriptObjC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
feature	O
is	O
Cocoa-object/event	O
logging	O
,	O
debugging	O
and	O
code-completion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
read	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
events	O
and	O
objects	O
like	O
other	O
scriptable	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
tool	O
was	O
originally	O
built	O
for	O
AppleScript	B-Application
Libraries	B-Library
(	O
available	O
in	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
Libraries	B-Library
aims	O
for	O
re-usable	O
AppleScript	B-Application
components	O
and	O
supports	O
built-in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
dictionary	O
(	O
sdef	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ASObjC	O
Explorer	O
4	O
can	O
be	O
an	O
external	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
script	B-Operating_System
editor	I-Operating_System
,	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FaceSpan	O
,	O
from	O
Late	O
Night	O
Software	O
A	O
discontinued	O
third-party	O
commercial	O
IDE	O
for	O
creating	O
AppleScript	B-Application
applications	O
with	O
graphic	B-Application
user	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScripts	B-Application
can	O
be	O
run	O
from	O
a	O
script	B-Operating_System
editor	I-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
usually	O
more	O
convenient	O
to	O
run	O
scripts	O
directly	O
,	O
without	O
opening	O
a	O
script	B-Operating_System
editor	I-Operating_System
application	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applets	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
can	O
be	O
saved	O
from	O
a	O
script	B-Operating_System
editor	I-Operating_System
as	O
applications	O
(	O
called	O
applets	O
,	O
or	O
droplets	O
when	O
they	O
accept	O
input	O
via	O
drag	O
and	O
drop	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applets	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
from	O
the	O
Dock	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
toolbar	O
of	O
Finder	B-Application
windows	O
,	O
from	O
Spotlight	B-Application
,	O
from	O
third-party	O
application	B-Application
launchers	O
,	O
or	O
from	O
any	O
other	O
place	O
where	O
applications	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Folder	O
actions	O
Using	O
AppleScript	B-Application
folder	O
actions	O
,	O
scripts	O
can	O
be	O
launched	O
when	O
specific	O
changes	O
occur	O
in	O
folders	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
adding	O
or	O
removing	O
files	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hotkey	O
launchers	O
Keyboard	O
shortcuts	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
assigned	O
to	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
in	O
the	O
script	O
menu	O
using	O
the	O
Keyboard	O
&	O
Mouse	O
Settings	O
Preference	B-Operating_System
Pane	I-Operating_System
in	O
System	B-Operating_System
Preferences	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
various	O
third-party	O
utilities	O
are	O
available	O
—	O
Alfred	B-Operating_System
,	O
FastScripts	O
,	O
Keyboard	B-Application
Maestro	I-Application
,	O
QuicKeys	O
,	O
Quicksilver	B-Operating_System
,	O
TextExpander	O
—	O
which	O
can	O
run	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
on	O
demand	O
using	O
key	O
combinations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Script	O
menu	O
This	O
system-wide	O
menu	O
provides	O
access	O
to	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
from	O
the	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
menu	O
bar	O
,	O
visible	O
no	O
matter	O
what	O
application	B-Application
is	O
running	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
10.6.x	O
,	O
the	O
system-wide	O
script	O
menu	O
can	O
be	O
enabled	O
from	O
the	O
preferences	O
of	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
;	O
in	O
prior	O
versions	O
of	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
,	O
it	O
could	O
be	O
enabled	O
from	O
the	O
AppleScript	B-Application
Utility	O
application	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
first	O
enabled	O
,	O
the	O
script	O
menu	O
displays	O
a	O
default	O
library	O
of	O
fairly	O
generic	O
,	O
functional	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
,	O
which	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
opened	O
in	O
Script	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
and	O
used	O
as	O
examples	O
for	O
learning	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unix	O
command	O
line	O
and	O
launchd	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
can	O
be	O
run	O
from	O
the	O
Unix	O
command	O
line	O
,	O
or	O
from	O
launchd	O
for	O
scheduled	O
tasks	O
,	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
osascript	B-Application
command	O
line	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
osascript	B-Application
tool	O
can	O
run	O
compiled	O
scripts	O
(	O
.scpt	B-Application
files	O
)	O
and	O
plain	O
text	O
files	O
(	O
.applescript	O
files	O
—	O
these	O
are	O
compiled	O
by	O
the	O
tool	O
at	O
runtime	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Re-usable	O
AppleScript	B-Application
modules	O
(	O
available	O
since	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
written	O
in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
or	O
AppleScriptObjC	O
and	O
saved	O
as	O
script	B-Language
files	I-Language
or	O
bundles	O
in	O
certain	O
locations	O
,	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
called	O
from	O
other	O
scripts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
saved	O
as	O
a	O
bundle	O
,	O
a	O
library	O
can	O
include	O
an	O
AppleScript	B-Application
dictionary	O
(	O
sdef	O
)	O
file	O
,	O
thus	O
functioning	O
like	O
a	O
scripting	B-Language
addition	O
but	O
written	O
in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
or	O
AppleScriptObjC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
framework	O
for	O
attaching	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
interfaces	O
to	O
AppleScript	B-Application
applications	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
package	O
in	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
10.4	O
and	O
10.5	O
,	O
now	O
deprecated	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
AppleScriptObjC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
development	O
software	B-Architecture
framework	I-Architecture
,	O
also	O
called	O
AppleScript/Objective	O
-C	O
or	O
ASOC	O
,	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Xcode	B-Operating_System
package	O
since	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
Snow	I-Device
Leopard	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScriptObjC	O
allows	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
to	O
use	O
Cocoa	B-Operating_System
classes	O
and	O
methods	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
shows	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
AppleScriptObjC	O
in	O
various	O
versions	O
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScriptObjC	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
all	O
subsequent	O
Mac	B-Device
OS	I-Device
X	I-Device
verisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
graphical	O
,	O
modular	O
editing	O
environment	O
in	O
which	O
workflows	B-Operating_System
are	O
built	O
up	O
from	O
actions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
duplicate	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
functions	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
without	O
the	O
necessity	O
for	O
programming	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automator	O
has	O
an	O
action	O
specifically	O
designed	O
to	O
contain	O
and	O
run	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
,	O
for	O
tasks	O
that	O
are	O
too	O
complex	O
for	O
Automator	O
's	O
simplified	O
framework	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
background-only	O
applications	O
,	O
packaged	O
with	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
allow	O
AppleScript	B-Application
to	O
access	O
features	O
that	O
would	O
not	O
normally	O
be	O
scriptable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plug-ins	O
for	O
AppleScript	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
or	O
third	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
designed	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
built-in	O
command	O
set	O
,	O
expanding	O
AppleScript	B-Application
's	O
features	O
and	O
making	O
it	O
somewhat	O
less	O
dependent	O
on	O
functionality	O
provided	O
by	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
macOS	B-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
collection	O
of	O
scripting	B-Language
additions	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Standard	O
Additions	O
(	O
StandardAdditions.osax	O
)	O
that	O
adds	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
commands	O
and	O
classes	O
that	O
are	O
not	O
part	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
's	O
core	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
user	O
interaction	O
dialogs	O
,	O
reading	O
and	O
writing	O
files	O
,	O
file	O
system	O
commands	O
,	O
date	O
functions	O
,	O
and	O
text	O
and	O
mathematical	O
operations	O
;	O
without	O
this	O
OSAX	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
would	O
have	O
no	O
capacity	O
to	O
perform	O
many	O
basic	O
actions	O
not	O
directly	O
provided	O
by	O
an	O
application	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
applications	O
can	O
define	O
specialized	O
classes	O
(	O
or	O
data	O
types	O
)	O
,	O
AppleScript	B-Application
also	O
has	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
built-in	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
application	B-Application
:	O
an	O
application	B-Application
object	O
,	O
used	O
mostly	O
as	O
a	O
specifier	O
for	O
tell	O
statements	O
(	O
tell	O
application	B-Application
"	O
Finder	B-Application
"	O
…	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
AppleScript	B-Application
creates	O
a	O
script	O
object	O
when	O
run	O
,	O
and	O
script	O
objects	O
may	O
be	O
created	O
within	O
AppleScripts	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
real	O
:	O
a	O
floating-point	B-Algorithm
(	O
real	O
)	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
versions	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
before	O
2.0	O
(	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
10.4	O
and	O
below	O
)	O
the	O
text	O
class	O
was	O
distinct	O
from	O
string	O
and	O
Unicode	O
text	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
three	O
behaved	O
somewhat	O
differently	O
;	O
in	O
2.0	O
(	O
10.5	O
)	O
and	O
later	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
all	O
synonyms	O
and	O
all	O
text	O
is	O
handled	O
as	O
being	O
UTF-16	O
(	O
“	O
Unicode	O
”	O
)	O
-encoded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
a	O
list	O
,	O
except	O
structured	B-Language
as	O
key	B-Application
–	I-Application
value	I-Application
pairs	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Not	O
a	O
true	O
data	O
type	O
,	O
as	O
AppleScript	B-Application
automatically	O
converts	O
POSIX	O
files	O
to	O
ordinary	O
files	O
whenever	O
they	O
are	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
AppleScript	B-Application
processes	O
are	O
managed	O
by	O
blocks	O
of	O
code	O
,	O
where	O
a	O
block	O
begins	O
with	O
a	O
command	O
command	O
and	O
ends	O
with	O
an	O
end	O
command	O
statement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
offers	O
two	O
kinds	O
of	O
conditionals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
repeat	O
loop	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
comes	O
in	O
several	O
slightly	O
different	O
flavors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
four	O
types	O
of	O
predefined	O
handlers	O
in	O
AppleScript	B-Application
—	O
run	O
,	O
open	O
,	O
idle	O
,	O
and	O
quit	O
—	O
each	O
of	O
which	O
is	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
as	O
the	O
run	O
handler	O
shown	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
droplet	O
can	O
be	O
identified	O
in	O
the	O
Finder	B-Application
by	O
its	O
icon	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
an	O
arrow	O
,	O
indicating	O
items	O
can	O
be	O
dropped	O
onto	O
the	O
icon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Idle	O
handler	O
A	O
subroutine	O
that	O
is	O
run	O
periodically	O
by	O
the	O
system	O
when	O
the	O
application	B-Application
is	O
idle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Script	O
objects	O
can	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
'	O
tell	O
 '	O
structures	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
application	B-Application
objects	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
loaded	O
from	O
and	O
saved	O
to	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subroutines	O
cannot	O
be	O
called	O
directly	O
from	O
application	B-Application
tell	O
blocks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
same	O
technique	O
for	O
scripting	B-Language
addition	O
commands	O
can	O
reduce	O
errors	O
and	O
improve	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
important	O
aspect	O
of	O
the	O
AppleScript	B-Application
implementation	O
is	O
the	O
Open	O
Scripting	B-Language
Architecture	O
(	O
OSA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
provides	O
OSA	O
for	O
other	O
scripting	B-Language
languages	I-Language
and	O
third-party	O
scripting/automation	O
products	O
such	O
as	O
QuicKeys	O
and	O
UserLand	O
Frontier	O
,	O
to	O
function	O
on	O
an	O
equal	O
status	O
with	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AppleScript	B-Application
was	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
scripting	B-Language
component	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
basic	O
specs	O
for	O
interfacing	O
such	O
components	O
to	O
the	O
OSA	O
were	O
public	O
,	O
allowing	O
other	O
developers	O
to	O
add	O
their	O
own	O
scripting	B-Language
components	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Public	O
client	O
APIs	B-Application
for	O
loading	O
,	O
saving	O
and	O
compiling	O
scripts	O
would	O
work	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
all	O
such	O
components	O
,	O
which	O
also	O
meant	O
that	O
applets	O
and	O
droplets	O
could	O
hold	O
scripts	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
those	O
scripting	B-Language
languages	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
OSA	O
is	O
scripting	B-Language
additions	O
,	O
or	O
OSAX	O
for	O
Open	O
Scripting	B-Language
Architecture	O
eXtension	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
inspired	O
by	O
HyperCard	B-Application
's	O
External	O
Commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scripting	B-Language
additions	O
are	O
libraries	B-Library
that	O
allow	O
programmers	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
function	O
of	O
AppleScript	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commands	O
included	O
as	O
scripting	B-Language
additions	O
are	O
available	O
system-wide	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
not	O
dependent	O
on	O
an	O
application	B-Application
(	O
see	O
also	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AppleScript	B-Operating_System
Editor	I-Operating_System
is	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
directly	O
edit	O
and	O
run	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
OSA	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
OS	B-Device
X	I-Device
Yosemite	I-Device
and	O
later	O
versions	O
of	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
JavaScript	B-Language
for	O
Automation	O
(	O
JXA	O
)	O
component	B-Operating_System
remains	O
the	O
only	O
serious	O
OSA	O
language	O
alternative	O
to	O
AppleScript	B-Application
,	O
though	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
versions	O
of	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
all	O
support	O
native	O
means	O
of	O
working	O
with	O
Apple	B-Operating_System
events	I-Operating_System
without	O
being	O
OSA	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JXA	O
also	O
provides	O
an	O
Objective-C	B-Language
(	O
and	O
C	O
language	O
)	O
foreign	O
language	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Being	O
an	O
environment	O
based	O
on	O
WebKit	O
's	O
JavaScriptCore	O
engine	O
,	O
the	O
JavaScript	B-Language
feature	O
set	O
is	O
in	O
sync	O
with	O
the	O
system	O
Safari	O
browser	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JXA	O
provides	O
a	O
JavaScript	B-Language
module	B-Library
system	O
and	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
possible	O
to	O
use	O
CommonJS	B-Language
modules	O
via	O
browserify	O
.	O
</s>
