<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
discontinued	O
professional	O
image	B-Application
organizer	I-Application
and	O
editor	B-Application
developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
between	O
2005	O
and	O
2015	O
for	O
the	O
Mac	B-Device
,	O
as	O
a	O
professional	O
alternative	O
to	O
iPhoto	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
non-destructive	O
editor	B-Application
that	O
can	O
handle	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
tasks	O
common	O
in	O
post-production	O
work	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
importing	O
and	O
organizing	O
image	O
files	O
,	O
applying	O
adjustments	O
,	O
and	O
printing	O
or	O
exporting	O
photographs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
organize	O
photos	B-Application
by	O
keywords	O
,	O
facial	O
recognition	O
,	O
and	O
location	O
data	O
embedded	O
in	O
image	O
files	O
,	O
it	O
offers	O
brushes	O
for	O
applying	O
effects	O
such	O
as	O
dodge	O
and	O
burn	O
,	O
skin	O
smoothing	O
,	O
and	O
polarization	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
expert	O
to	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
SmugMug	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
iCloud	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
WWDC	O
2014	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
that	O
its	O
Photos	B-Application
app	O
would	O
replace	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
and	O
iPhoto	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
release	O
of	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
,	O
version	O
3.6	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
October	O
2014	O
,	O
and	O
subsequently	O
discontinued	O
and	O
removed	O
from	O
sale	O
on	O
April	O
8	O
,	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
support	O
for	O
32-bit	O
apps	O
,	O
including	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
removed	O
in	O
macOS	B-Device
Catalina	I-Device
,	O
a	O
patch	O
created	O
by	O
an	O
external	O
party	O
allows	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
3.6	I-Operating_System
to	O
function	O
on	O
newer	O
versions	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
latest	O
release	O
,	O
macOS	B-Operating_System
Ventura	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	B-Operating_System
Aperture	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
professional	O
photo	O
editing	O
and	O
management	O
application	O
that	O
offers	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
features	O
for	O
professional	O
photographers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
its	O
key	O
features	O
is	O
complete	O
support	O
for	O
importing	O
and	O
exporting	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
formats	I-Application
,	O
for	O
supported	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
offers	O
tethered	O
shooting	O
support	O
for	O
DSLRs	B-Device
made	O
by	O
Nikon	B-Algorithm
and	O
Canon	O
;	O
when	O
photographers	O
connect	O
these	O
cameras	O
to	O
their	O
computers	O
,	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
instantly	O
imported	O
without	O
user	O
action	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
efficient	O
workflow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
allows	O
users	O
to	O
choose	O
whether	O
to	O
keep	O
their	O
master	O
image	O
files	O
in	O
place	O
on	O
their	O
filesystem	O
,	O
or	O
migrate	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
library	O
upon	O
import	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
also	O
offers	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
image	O
adjustment	O
tools	O
,	O
including	O
specific	O
color	O
retouching	O
,	O
a	O
luminance-based	O
edge	O
sharpener	O
,	O
and	O
spot	O
repair	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
terms	O
of	O
project	O
management	O
,	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
offers	O
extensive	O
metadata	O
and	O
searching	O
support	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
group	O
photos	B-Application
using	O
autostacking	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
time	O
between	O
shutter	O
clicks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
offers	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
features	O
for	O
organizing	O
and	O
managing	O
photos	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Autostacking	O
groups	O
photos	B-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
time	O
between	O
shutter	O
clicks	O
;	O
users	O
can	O
also	O
manually	O
group	O
photos	B-Application
into	O
Stacks	O
,	O
and	O
create	O
multiple	O
working	O
copies	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
image	O
using	O
the	O
Versions	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
also	O
offers	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
simultaneously	O
zoom	O
and	O
pan	O
multiple	O
images	O
to	O
compare	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
its	O
native	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
PSD	O
,	O
PNG	O
,	O
JPEG	O
,	O
and	O
TIFF	O
formats	O
,	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
offers	O
nondestructive	O
image	B-Application
editing	I-Application
,	O
customizable	O
printing	O
and	O
publishing	O
options	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
import	O
photos	B-Application
from	O
USB	B-Protocol
and	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
memory	O
card	O
readers	O
or	O
directly	O
from	O
a	O
camera	O
connected	O
via	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
has	O
a	O
heavily	O
customizable	O
book	O
creation	O
feature	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
create	O
web	O
galleries	O
and	O
blogs	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
uploaded	O
via	O
FTP	B-Protocol
or	O
WebDAV	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
February	O
12	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
2	O
was	O
released	O
at	O
a	O
reduced	O
price	O
of	O
$199	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
2	O
included	O
a	O
streamlined	O
interface	O
and	O
improved	O
performance	O
due	O
to	O
database	O
optimizations	O
and	O
interface	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
featured	O
enhanced	O
image	O
processing	O
capabilities	O
with	O
updated	O
raw	B-Application
image	I-Application
format	I-Application
support	O
and	O
improved	O
integration	O
with	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
MobileMe	B-Application
(	O
now	O
iCloud	B-Application
)	O
,	O
and	O
various	O
software	O
packages	O
including	O
iLife	B-Application
and	O
iWork	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
2	O
introduced	O
support	O
for	O
editing	O
plug-ins	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Apple	O
's	O
own	O
dodging	O
and	O
burning	O
tool	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
added	O
in	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
2.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
3	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
on	O
February	O
9	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
required	O
an	O
Intel-based	O
Mac	B-Device
,	O
unlike	O
previous	O
versions	O
which	O
could	O
run	O
on	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
Mac	B-Application
App	I-Application
Store	I-Application
on	O
January	O
6	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Aperture	O
3.0	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
through	O
the	O
store	O
at	O
a	O
reduced	O
price	O
of	O
$80	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aperture	B-Operating_System
became	O
a	O
64-bit	B-Device
application	O
capable	O
of	O
handling	O
large	O
files	O
such	O
as	O
high	O
definition	O
scans	O
,	O
a	O
face	O
detection	O
and	O
recognition	O
tool	O
called	O
Faces	O
,	O
a	O
Places	O
feature	O
that	O
automatically	O
places	O
photos	B-Application
on	O
a	O
world	O
map	O
,	O
native	O
integration	O
with	O
Flickr	B-Algorithm
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
nondestructive	O
,	O
edge-aware	O
brushes	O
for	O
applying	O
adjustments	O
to	O
photos	B-Application
,	O
dozens	O
of	O
new	O
built-in	O
adjustment	O
presets	O
,	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
create	O
custom	O
presets	O
for	O
download	O
,	O
advanced	O
slideshow	O
capabilities	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
handle	O
and	O
edit	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
list	O
of	O
changes	O
brought	O
by	O
each	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
update	O
can	O
be	O
read	O
on	O
the	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
table	O
of	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
Aperture	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
the	O
date	O
they	O
were	O
released	O
,	O
follows	O
:	O
</s>
