<s>
Apertium	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free/open	B-License
-source	I-License
rule-based	B-General_Concept
machine	I-General_Concept
translation	I-General_Concept
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
and	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apertium	B-Language
is	O
a	O
shallow-transfer	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
which	O
uses	O
finite	B-Architecture
state	I-Architecture
transducers	I-Architecture
for	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
lexical	O
transformations	O
,	O
and	O
hidden	O
Markov	O
models	O
for	O
part-of-speech	O
tagging	O
or	O
word	O
category	O
disambiguation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Existing	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
systems	I-Application
available	O
at	O
present	O
are	O
mostly	O
commercial	O
or	O
use	O
proprietary	B-Application
technologies	I-Application
,	O
which	O
makes	O
them	O
very	O
hard	O
to	O
adapt	O
to	O
new	O
usages	O
;	O
furthermore	O
,	O
they	O
use	O
different	O
technologies	O
across	O
language	O
pairs	O
,	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
very	O
difficult	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
to	O
integrate	O
them	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
multilingual	O
content	B-Protocol
management	I-Protocol
system	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apertium	B-Language
uses	O
a	O
language-independent	B-Language
specification	I-Language
,	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
the	O
ease	O
of	O
contributing	O
to	O
Apertium	B-Language
,	O
more	O
efficient	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
enhancing	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
overall	O
growth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
present	O
(	O
December	O
2020	O
)	O
,	O
Apertium	B-Language
has	O
released	O
51	O
stable	O
language	O
pairs	O
,	O
delivering	O
fast	O
translation	O
with	O
reasonably	O
intelligible	O
results	O
(	O
errors	O
are	O
easily	O
corrected	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Being	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
project	O
,	O
Apertium	B-Language
provides	O
tools	O
for	O
potential	O
developers	O
to	O
build	O
their	O
own	O
language	O
pair	O
and	O
contribute	O
to	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apertium	B-Language
originated	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
engines	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
OpenTrad	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
funded	O
by	O
the	O
Spanish	O
government	O
,	O
and	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Transducens	O
research	O
group	O
at	O
the	O
Universitat	O
d'Alacant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
create	O
a	O
new	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
one	O
just	O
has	O
to	O
develop	O
linguistic	O
data	O
(	O
dictionaries	O
,	O
rules	O
)	O
in	O
well-specified	O
XML	B-Protocol
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
companies	O
are	O
also	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Apertium	B-Language
,	O
including	O
Prompsit	O
Language	O
Engineering	O
,	O
Imaxin	O
Software	O
and	O
Eleka	O
Ingeniaritza	O
Linguistikoa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
has	O
taken	O
part	O
in	O
the	O
2009	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
2013	O
and	O
2014	O
editions	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Summer	I-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
and	O
the	O
2010	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
2012	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
2016	O
and	O
2017	O
editions	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
Code-In	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
an	O
overall	O
,	O
step-by-step	O
view	O
how	O
Apertium	B-Language
works	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
diagram	O
displays	O
the	O
steps	O
that	O
Apertium	B-Language
takes	O
to	O
translate	O
a	O
source-language	O
text	O
(	O
the	O
text	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
translate	O
)	O
into	O
a	O
target-language	O
text	O
(	O
the	O
translated	O
text	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Source	O
language	O
text	O
is	O
passed	O
into	O
Apertium	B-Language
for	O
translation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
morphological	O
analyser	O
segments	O
the	O
text	O
(	O
expanding	O
elisions	B-Language
,	O
marking	O
set	O
phrases	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
pairs	O
that	O
involve	O
agglutinative	O
morphology	O
,	O
including	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
Turkic	O
languages	O
,	O
a	O
Helsinki	O
Finite-State	B-Architecture
Transducer	I-Architecture
(	O
HFST	O
)	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Otherwise	O
,	O
an	O
Apertium-specific	O
technology	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
lttoolbox	O
,	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apertium	B-Language
is	O
working	O
on	O
installing	O
more	O
Constraint	O
Grammar	O
frameworks	O
for	O
its	O
language	O
pairs	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
imposition	O
of	O
more	O
fine-grained	O
constraints	O
than	O
would	O
be	O
otherwise	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apertium	B-Language
uses	O
the	O
Visual	O
Interactive	O
Syntax	O
Learning	O
Constraint	O
Grammar	O
Parser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
lexical	O
transfer	O
,	O
Apertium	B-Language
uses	O
an	O
XML-based	O
dictionary	O
format	O
called	O
bidix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apertium	B-Language
uses	O
a	O
specific	O
XML-based	O
technology	O
,	O
apertium-lex-tools	O
,	O
to	O
perform	O
lexical	O
selection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Structural	O
transfer	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
format	O
that	O
allows	O
writing	O
complex	O
structural	O
transfer	O
rules	O
)	O
can	O
consist	O
of	O
a	O
one-step	O
transfer	O
or	O
a	O
three-step	O
transfer	O
module	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
elisions	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apertium	B-Language
delivers	O
the	O
target-language	O
translation	O
.	O
</s>
