<s>
Apache	B-Language
Struts	I-Language
1	I-Language
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
framework	I-Application
for	O
developing	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
uses	O
and	O
extends	O
the	B-Application
Java	I-Application
Servlet	I-Application
API	I-Application
to	O
encourage	O
developers	O
to	O
adopt	O
a	O
model	O
–	O
view	O
–	O
controller	O
(	O
MVC	O
)	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formerly	O
located	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Language
Jakarta	I-Language
Project	O
and	O
known	O
as	O
Jakarta	B-Language
Struts	I-Language
,	O
it	O
became	O
a	O
top-level	O
Apache	O
project	O
in	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
WebWork	O
framework	O
spun	O
off	O
from	O
Apache	B-Language
Struts	I-Language
aiming	O
to	O
offer	O
enhancements	O
and	O
refinements	O
while	O
retaining	O
the	O
same	O
general	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
Struts	B-Language
framework	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebWork	O
2.2	O
has	O
been	O
adopted	O
as	O
Apache	B-Language
Struts	I-Language
2	I-Language
,	O
which	O
reached	O
its	O
first	O
full	O
release	O
in	O
February	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
standard	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
,	O
the	O
client	O
will	O
typically	O
call	O
to	O
the	O
server	O
via	O
a	O
web	B-General_Concept
form	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
information	O
is	O
then	O
either	O
handed	O
over	O
to	O
a	O
Java	B-Application
Servlet	I-Application
which	O
interacts	O
with	O
a	O
database	O
and	O
produces	O
an	O
HTML-formatted	O
response	O
,	O
or	O
it	O
is	O
given	O
to	O
a	O
JavaServer	B-Language
Pages	I-Language
(	O
JSP	O
)	O
document	O
that	O
intermingles	O
HTML	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
to	O
achieve	O
the	O
same	O
result	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
goal	O
of	O
Struts	O
is	O
to	O
separate	O
the	O
model	O
(	O
application	O
logic	O
that	O
interacts	O
with	O
a	O
database	O
)	O
from	O
the	O
view	O
(	O
HTML	B-Language
pages	O
presented	O
to	O
the	O
client	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
controller	O
(	O
instance	O
that	O
passes	O
information	O
between	O
view	O
and	O
model	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Struts	O
provides	O
the	O
controller	O
(	O
a	O
servlet	B-Application
known	O
as	O
ActionServlet	O
)	O
and	O
facilitates	O
the	O
writing	O
of	O
templates	O
for	O
the	O
view	O
or	O
presentation	O
layer	O
(	O
typically	O
in	O
JSP	O
,	O
but	O
XML/XSLT	O
and	O
Velocity	B-Language
are	O
also	O
supported	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
programmer	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
writing	O
the	O
model	O
code	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
creating	O
a	O
central	O
configuration	O
file	O
struts-config.xml	O
that	O
binds	O
together	O
model	O
,	O
view	O
,	O
and	O
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
powerful	O
custom	O
tag	O
library	O
allows	O
it	O
from	O
the	O
presentation	O
layer	O
to	O
read	O
and	O
write	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
these	O
beans	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
any	O
embedded	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Struts	O
is	O
categorized	O
as	O
a	O
Model	B-Architecture
2	I-Architecture
request-based	O
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
framework	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Struts	O
also	O
supports	O
internationalization	B-General_Concept
by	O
web	B-General_Concept
forms	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
includes	O
a	O
template	O
mechanism	O
called	O
"	O
Tiles	O
"	O
that	O
(	O
for	O
instance	O
)	O
allows	O
the	O
presentation	O
layer	O
to	O
be	O
composed	O
from	O
independent	O
header	O
,	O
footer	O
,	O
menu	O
navigation	O
and	O
content	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
