<s>
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
is	O
a	O
retired	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
free	B-Language
Java	I-Language
implementation	I-Language
,	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Apache	O
Software	O
Foundation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
announced	O
in	O
early	O
May	O
2005	O
and	O
on	O
October	O
25	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
board	O
of	O
directors	O
voted	O
to	O
make	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
a	O
top-level	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Harmony	O
project	O
achieved	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
February	O
2011	O
)	O
99%	O
completeness	O
for	O
J2SE	B-Language
5.0	O
,	O
and	O
97%	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Android	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
has	O
historically	O
been	O
a	O
major	O
user	O
of	O
Harmony	O
,	O
although	O
since	O
Android	B-Application
Nougat	I-Application
it	O
increasingly	O
relies	O
on	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Harmony	O
project	O
was	O
initially	O
conceived	O
as	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
unite	O
all	O
developers	B-Application
of	O
the	O
free	B-Language
Java	I-Language
implementations	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
developers	B-Application
expected	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
the	O
project	O
above	O
the	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
,	O
Apache	O
and	O
other	O
communities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
GNU	B-Operating_System
developers	B-Application
were	O
invited	O
into	O
and	O
participated	O
during	O
the	O
initial	O
,	O
preparatory	O
planning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	O
then	O
decided	O
not	O
to	O
use	O
code	O
from	O
GNU	B-Language
Classpath	I-Language
because	O
it	O
wanted	O
Harmony	O
to	O
be	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
v2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	O
developers	B-Application
would	O
then	O
write	O
the	O
needed	O
classes	O
from	O
scratch	O
and	O
expect	O
necessary	O
large	O
code	O
donations	O
from	O
software	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
misunderstandings	O
at	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
and	O
proposals	O
from	O
major	O
companies	O
like	O
IBM	O
to	O
donate	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
existing	O
code	O
,	O
led	O
some	O
people	O
in	O
the	O
free	O
Java	B-Language
community	O
to	O
view	O
the	O
project	O
as	O
a	O
corporate	O
consortium	O
than	O
an	O
Apache	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
major	O
point	O
of	O
incompatibility	O
between	O
the	O
GNU	B-Language
Classpath	I-Language
and	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
projects	O
was	O
their	O
incompatible	O
licenses	O
:	O
Classpath	O
's	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
with	O
the	O
linking	B-Application
exception	I-Application
versus	O
Harmony	O
's	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
10	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
the	O
Apache	O
Software	O
Foundation	O
sent	O
an	O
open	O
letter	O
to	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
CEO	O
,	O
Jonathan	O
Schwartz	O
regarding	O
their	O
inability	O
to	O
acquire	O
an	O
acceptable	O
license	O
for	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
5	O
Technology	B-Language
Compatibility	I-Language
Kit	I-Language
(	O
TCK	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
test	O
kit	O
needed	O
by	O
the	O
project	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
5	O
specification	O
,	O
as	O
needed	O
by	O
the	O
Sun	O
specification	O
license	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
What	O
makes	O
the	O
license	O
unacceptable	O
for	O
ASF	O
is	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
imposes	O
rights	O
restrictions	O
through	O
limits	O
on	O
the	O
"	O
field	O
of	O
use	O
"	O
available	O
to	O
users	O
of	O
Harmony	O
,	O
not	O
compliant	O
with	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Community	I-Language
Process	I-Language
rules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
answered	O
on	O
a	O
company	O
blog	O
that	O
it	O
intended	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
under	O
GPL	B-License
,	O
including	O
the	O
TCK	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
their	O
priority	O
was	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
Platform	I-Device
accessible	O
to	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
community	O
under	O
GPL	B-License
as	O
quickly	O
as	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
answer	O
triggered	O
some	O
reactions	O
,	O
either	O
criticizing	O
Sun	O
for	O
not	O
responding	O
"	O
in	O
a	O
sufficiently	O
open	O
manner	O
"	O
to	O
an	O
open	O
letter	O
,	O
or	O
rather	O
Apache	O
Software	O
Foundation	O
;	O
some	O
think	O
that	O
ASF	O
acted	O
unwisely	O
to	O
aggressively	O
demand	O
something	O
they	O
could	O
have	O
obtained	O
with	O
more	O
diplomacy	O
from	O
Sun	O
,	O
especially	O
considering	O
the	O
timescale	O
of	O
the	O
opening	O
class	B-Library
library	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sun	O
released	O
the	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
in	O
May	O
2007	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
specific	O
license	O
to	O
allow	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
TCK	O
in	O
the	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
context	O
for	O
any	O
GPL	B-License
implementation	O
deriving	O
substantially	O
from	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
does	O
not	O
cover	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
not	O
GPL-licensed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
9	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Apache	O
Software	O
Foundation	O
resigned	O
from	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
Community	I-Language
Process	I-Language
Executive	O
Committee	O
,	O
in	O
protest	O
over	O
the	O
difficulty	O
in	O
obtaining	O
a	O
license	O
acceptable	O
to	O
Apache	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
the	O
Harmony	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
that	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
Android	I-Application
platform	O
(	O
Dalvik	B-Application
up	O
to	O
version	O
4.4	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
successor	O
,	O
Android	B-Application
Runtime	I-Application
(	O
ART	O
)	O
)	O
uses	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
Harmony	O
for	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
its	O
Class	B-Library
Library	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Dalvik	B-Application
does	O
not	O
align	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
nor	O
Java	B-Language
ME	I-Language
Class	B-Library
Library	I-Library
profiles	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
J2ME	B-Language
classes	O
,	O
AWT	B-Language
and	O
Swing	B-Language
are	O
not	O
supported	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
7.0	I-Application
"	I-Application
Nougat	I-Application
"	I-Application
replaced	O
Harmony	O
with	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
11	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
by	O
far	O
the	O
biggest	O
participant	O
in	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
decided	O
to	O
join	O
Oracle	B-Application
on	O
the	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
project	O
,	O
effectively	O
shifting	O
its	O
efforts	O
from	O
Harmony	O
to	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
reference	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bob	O
Sutor	O
,	O
IBM	O
's	O
head	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
blogged	O
that	O
"	O
IBM	O
will	O
be	O
shifting	O
its	O
development	O
effort	O
from	O
the	O
Apache	O
Project	O
Harmony	O
to	O
OpenJDK	B-Language
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
start	O
,	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
received	O
some	O
large	O
code	O
contributions	O
from	O
several	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
was	O
accepted	O
among	O
the	O
official	O
Apache	O
projects	O
on	O
October	O
29	O
,	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dynamic	O
Runtime	O
Layer	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
consists	O
of	O
the	O
following	O
components	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VM	O
core	O
:	O
with	O
its	O
subcomponents	O
concentrates	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
JVM	B-Language
control	O
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
porting	O
layer	O
:	O
hides	O
platform-specific	O
details	O
from	O
other	O
VM	O
components	O
behind	O
a	O
single	O
interface	O
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Apache	B-Language
Portable	I-Language
Runtime	I-Language
layer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Execution	O
Manager	O
:	O
selects	O
the	O
execution	O
engine	O
for	O
compiling	B-Language
a	O
method	O
,	O
handles	O
profiles	O
and	O
the	O
dynamic	O
recompilation	O
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Class	B-Library
Library	I-Library
:	O
is	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
standard	O
library	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	B-Language
for	O
compilation	B-Language
and	O
execution	O
of	O
method	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interpreter	B-Application
for	O
easier	O
debugging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
focus	O
was	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
on	O
x86	O
and	O
x86-64	B-Device
architectures	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
now	O
contains	O
the	O
working	O
code	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
Swing	B-Language
,	O
AWT	B-Language
and	O
Java	B-Language
2D	I-Language
code	O
which	O
were	O
contributed	O
by	O
Intel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
Harmony	O
project	O
achieved	O
99%	O
completeness	O
for	O
JDK	O
5.0	O
,	O
and	O
97%	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
progress	O
of	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
project	O
can	O
be	O
tracked	O
against	O
J2SE	B-Language
1.4	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
5.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
branch	O
for	O
Harmony	O
v6.0	O
in	O
development	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
SE	I-Language
6.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
developers	B-Application
integrate	O
several	O
existing	O
,	O
field-tested	O
open-source	B-Application
projects	O
to	O
meet	O
their	O
goal	O
(	O
not	O
reinventing	O
the	O
wheel	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
of	O
these	O
projects	O
are	O
mature	O
and	O
well	O
known	O
and	O
other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
library	B-Library
needed	O
to	O
be	O
written	O
from	O
scratch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
existing	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
components	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
project	O
;	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
were	O
in	O
use	O
before	O
the	O
project	O
started	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Component	O
Description	O
ICU	B-Application
Mature	O
C/C	O
++	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
libraries	O
for	O
Unicode	O
support	O
and	O
software	B-General_Concept
internationalization	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
globalization	I-General_Concept
Apache	B-Language
Xalan	I-Language
XSLT	B-Application
stylesheet	O
processor	O
for	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
which	O
implements	O
XPath	B-Language
language	O
Apache	B-Language
Xerces	I-Language
XML	B-Protocol
parser	I-Protocol
library	B-Library
for	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
Apache	B-Language
Portable	I-Language
Runtime	I-Language
Cross-platform	B-Operating_System
abstraction	O
library	B-Library
,	O
provides	O
platform	B-Operating_System
independence	I-Operating_System
Apache	B-Language
CXF	I-Language
Robust	O
,	O
high	O
performance	O
Web	O
services	O
framework	O
work	O
over	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
SOAP	B-Application
,	O
XML/HTTP	O
,	O
RESTful	B-Protocol
HTTP	O
,	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
BCEL	O
Libraries	O
to	O
decompose	O
,	O
modify	O
,	O
and	O
recompose	O
binary	O
Java	B-Language
classes	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
bytecode	O
MX4J	B-Language
Java	B-Language
Management	I-Language
Extensions	I-Language
(	O
JMX	O
)	O
tools	O
to	O
manage	O
and	O
monitor	O
applications	O
,	O
system	O
objects	O
,	O
devices	O
and	O
service-oriented	O
networks	O
VM	O
Magic	O
Set	O
of	O
extensions	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
language	I-Language
to	O
facilitate	O
systems	O
programming	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
by	O
adding	O
direct	O
memory	O
operations	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Harmony	O
is	O
less	O
documented	O
than	O
the	O
alternative	O
free	B-Language
Java	I-Language
implementations	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
GNU	B-Language
Classpath	I-Language
every	O
method	O
of	O
the	O
central	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
class	O
(	O
ORB	O
)	O
has	O
the	O
explaining	O
comment	O
both	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
abstract	O
API	O
class	O
and	O
implementation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
,	O
GNU	B-Language
Classpath	I-Language
supported	O
both	O
older	O
and	O
newer	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
features	O
(	O
same	O
as	O
Sun	O
's	O
implementation	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
complete	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Device
platform	I-Device
also	O
needs	O
a	O
compiler	B-Language
that	O
translates	O
Java	B-Language
source	I-Language
code	I-Language
into	O
bytecodes	O
,	O
a	O
program	O
that	O
manages	O
JAR	B-Language
files	I-Language
,	O
a	O
debugger	B-Application
,	O
and	O
an	O
applet	B-Language
viewer	O
and	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
plugin	B-Application
,	O
to	O
name	O
a	O
few	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Harmony	O
has	O
the	O
compiler	B-Language
,	O
appletviewer	B-Language
,	O
jarsigner	O
,	O
javah	O
,	O
javap	O
,	O
keytool	B-Language
,	O
policytool	O
,	O
and	O
unpack200	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Harmony	O
has	O
seven	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
implementations	O
that	O
run	O
Harmony	O
Class	B-Library
Library	I-Library
,	O
all	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
donations	O
by	O
external	O
groups	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
JC	O
Harmony	O
Edition	O
VM	O
,	O
"	O
JCHEVM	O
,	O
"	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
JCVM	O
's	O
interpreter	B-Application
,	O
contributed	O
by	O
the	O
author	O
,	O
Archie	O
Cobbs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BootJVM	O
,	O
a	O
simple	O
bootstrapping	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
,	O
contributed	O
by	O
Daniel	O
Lydick	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SableVM	B-Language
,	O
an	O
advanced	O
,	O
portable	O
interpreter	B-Application
,	O
contributed	O
by	O
authors	O
from	O
the	O
Sable	O
Research	O
Group	O
;	O
and	O
the	O
Dynamic	O
Runtime	O
Layer	O
Virtual	B-Architecture
Machine	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
DRLVM	O
,	O
a	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	B-Language
contributed	O
by	O
Intel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BEA	O
announced	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
an	O
evaluation	O
version	O
of	O
JRockit	O
VM	O
running	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
Class	B-Library
Library	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
JikesRVM	B-Language
,	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
meta-circular	B-Application
JVM	B-Language
that	O
use	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
Class	B-Library
Library	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ja.NET	O
SE	O
,	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
project	O
providing	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
5	O
JDK	O
(	O
class	O
libraries	O
,	O
tools	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
that	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
Framework	I-Application
CLR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ja.NET	O
SE	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
Class	O
Libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
November	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
language	O
support	O
provided	O
by	O
these	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
was	O
still	O
incomplete	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
build	O
instructions	O
recommended	O
to	O
use	O
IBM	O
's	O
proprietary	B-Application
J9	O
instead	O
to	O
run	O
the	O
class	B-Library
library	I-Library
test	O
suite	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
for	O
the	O
rest	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
,	O
DRLVM	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
development	O
has	O
now	O
stalled	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
May	O
2011	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
its	O
conception	O
,	O
Harmony	O
grew	O
in	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
execute	O
non-trivial	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eclipse	B-Application
:	O
99.3	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
36000	O
reference	O
implementation	O
(	O
RI	O
)	O
test	O
pass	O
on	O
Harmony	O
's	O
DRLVM	O
+	O
class	B-Library
library	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Language
Tomcat	I-Language
:	O
100%	O
of	O
the	O
RI	O
tests	O
pass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JUnit	B-Language
:	O
100%	O
of	O
the	O
RI	O
tests	O
pass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Application
Ant	I-Application
:	O
97%	O
of	O
the	O
RI	O
tests	O
pass	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
applications	O
pass	O
with	O
a	O
high	O
success	O
rate	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Apache	B-Language
Derby	I-Language
,	O
Apache	O
Axis	O
,	O
Log4j	B-Application
,	O
Apache	B-Language
Velocity	I-Language
,	O
Apache	B-Language
Cocoon	I-Language
,	O
jEdit	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Apache	B-Language
Commons	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Harmony	O
's	O
incomplete	O
library	B-Library
prevented	O
it	O
from	O
launching	O
some	O
other	O
applications	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
ArgoUML	B-Language
:	O
because	O
it	O
needs	O
a	O
Java	B-Application
applet	I-Application
implementation	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
still	O
unavailable	O
in	O
Harmony	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Language
Geronimo	I-Language
runs	O
on	O
Apache	B-Application
Harmony	I-Application
with	O
some	O
issues	O
and	O
workarounds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vuze	B-Application
,	O
formerly	O
Azureus	B-Application
,	O
because	O
of	O
unimplemented	O
security	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
