<s>
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
(	O
formerly	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
)	O
is	O
a	O
mobile	B-Application
application	I-Application
development	I-Application
framework	I-Application
created	O
by	O
Nitobi	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
Systems	O
purchased	O
Nitobi	O
in	O
2011	O
,	O
rebranded	O
it	O
as	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
later	O
released	O
an	O
open-source	O
version	O
of	O
the	B-Application
software	I-Application
called	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
enables	O
software	B-Application
programmers	I-Application
to	O
build	O
hybrid	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
for	O
mobile	O
devices	O
using	O
CSS3	O
,	O
HTML5	B-Application
,	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
instead	O
of	O
relying	O
on	O
platform-specific	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
like	O
those	O
in	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
enables	O
the	O
wrapping	O
up	O
of	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
code	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
platform	O
of	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
extends	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
HTML	B-Language
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
to	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
resulting	O
applications	O
are	O
hybrid	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
neither	O
truly	O
native	O
mobile	O
application	O
nor	O
purely	O
Web-based	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
not	O
Web	B-Application
apps	I-Application
because	O
they	O
are	O
packaged	O
as	O
apps	O
for	O
distribution	O
and	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
native	O
device	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
software	I-Application
was	O
previously	O
called	O
just	O
"	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
"	O
,	O
then	O
"	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Callback	I-Protocol
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
was	O
Adobe	O
's	O
commercial	O
version	O
of	O
Cordova	O
along	O
with	O
its	O
associated	O
ecosystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
other	O
tools	O
and	O
frameworks	O
are	O
also	O
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
Cordova	O
,	O
including	O
Ionic	B-General_Concept
,	O
Monaca	B-Language
,	O
VoltBuilder	O
,	O
TACO	O
,	O
Onsen	O
UI	O
,	O
GapDebug	O
,	O
App	O
Builder	O
,	O
Cocoon	O
,	O
Framework7	B-Protocol
,	O
Quasar	B-Language
Framework	I-Language
,	O
Evothings	O
Studio	O
,	O
NSB/AppStudio	O
,	O
Mobiscroll	O
,	O
and	O
Telerik	B-Application
Platform	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
tools	O
use	O
Cordova	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
for	O
their	O
core	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Contributors	O
to	O
the	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
project	O
include	O
Adobe	O
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
IBM	O
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
First	O
developed	O
at	O
an	O
iPhoneDevCamp	O
event	O
in	O
San	O
Francisco	O
,	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
went	O
on	O
to	O
win	O
the	O
People	O
's	O
Choice	O
Award	O
at	O
O'Reilly	O
Media	O
's	O
2009	O
Web	O
2.0	O
Conference	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
framework	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
develop	O
many	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
Inc	O
.	O
has	O
confirmed	O
that	O
the	O
framework	O
has	O
its	O
approval	O
,	O
even	O
with	O
the	O
change	O
to	O
clause	O
3.3.1	O
of	O
the	O
Apple	O
iPhone	O
SDK	O
developer	B-Application
license	O
agreement	O
4.0	O
adopted	O
in	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
framework	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
several	O
mobile	O
application	O
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
Monaca	B-Language
,	O
appMobi	O
,	O
Convertigo	O
,	O
ViziApps	O
,	O
and	O
Worklight	O
as	O
the	O
backbone	O
of	O
their	O
mobile	O
client	O
development	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
officially	O
announced	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
Nitobi	O
Software	B-Application
(	O
the	O
original	O
developer	B-Application
)	O
on	O
October	O
4	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coinciding	O
with	O
that	O
,	O
the	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
code	O
was	O
contributed	O
to	O
the	O
Apache	O
Software	B-Application
Foundation	O
to	O
start	O
a	O
new	O
project	O
called	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
's	O
original	O
name	O
,	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Callback	I-Protocol
,	O
was	O
viewed	O
as	O
too	O
generic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
,	O
it	O
also	O
appears	O
in	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
as	O
Adobe	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
and	O
also	O
as	O
Adobe	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
Build	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Phonegap	B-Protocol
Blog	O
shows	O
more	O
details	O
,	O
why	O
finally	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Cordova	O
"	O
was	O
chosen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
says	O
:	O
"	O
While	O
genesis	O
stories	O
of	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
often	O
vary	O
with	O
the	O
teller	O
,	O
most	O
committers	O
can	O
agree	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
born	O
at	O
Nitobi	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
office	O
was	O
on	O
Cordova	O
Street	O
in	O
Vancouver.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
required	O
an	O
Apple	O
computer	O
to	O
create	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
apps	O
and	O
a	O
Windows	O
computer	O
to	O
create	O
Windows	O
Mobile	O
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
Adobe	O
's	O
PhoneGap	B-Protocol
Build	O
service	O
allows	O
programmers	B-Application
to	O
upload	O
CSS	B-Language
,	O
HTML	B-Language
,	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
source	O
code	O
to	O
a	O
"	O
cloud	O
compiler	O
"	O
that	O
generates	O
apps	O
for	O
every	O
supported	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
of	O
an	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
application	O
uses	O
CSS3	O
and	O
HTML5	B-Application
for	O
rendering	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
for	O
logic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTML5	B-Application
provides	O
access	O
to	O
underlying	O
hardware	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
accelerometer	O
,	O
camera	O
,	O
and	O
GPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
browsers	O
 '	O
support	O
for	O
HTML5-based	O
device	O
access	O
is	O
not	O
consistent	O
across	O
mobile	O
browsers	O
,	O
particularly	O
older	O
versions	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
overcome	O
these	O
limitations	O
,	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
embeds	O
the	O
HTML5	B-Application
code	O
inside	O
a	O
native	O
WebView	O
on	O
the	O
device	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
foreign	B-Application
function	I-Application
interface	I-Application
to	O
access	O
the	O
native	O
resources	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
can	O
be	O
extended	O
with	O
native	O
plug-ins	O
,	O
allowing	O
developers	B-Application
to	O
add	O
more	O
functionalities	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
called	O
from	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
making	O
it	O
communicate	O
directly	O
between	O
the	O
native	O
layer	O
and	O
the	O
HTML5	B-Application
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Web-based	B-Application
technologies	O
leads	O
some	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
applications	O
to	O
run	O
slower	O
than	O
native	O
applications	O
with	O
similar	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
9	O
,	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
currently	O
supports	O
development	O
for	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
Apple	B-Operating_System
iOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Google	B-Application
Android	I-Application
,	O
Windows	B-Device
8.1	I-Device
,	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
8.1	I-Protocol
,	O
Windows	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
and	O
Electron	B-Operating_System
(	O
software	B-Application
framework	O
)	O
(	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
runs	O
on	O
Windows	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
macOS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
version	O
of	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
used	O
to	O
support	O
Bada	B-Operating_System
,	O
BlackBerry	B-Operating_System
,	O
Firefox	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
LG	B-Operating_System
webOS	I-Operating_System
,	O
Microsoft	B-Protocol
Windows	I-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
(	O
7	O
and	O
8	O
)	O
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Nokia	B-Operating_System
Symbian	I-Operating_System
OS	O
,	O
Tizen	B-Application
(	O
SDK	O
2.x	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Ubuntu	B-Protocol
Touch	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
table	O
below	O
is	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
supported	O
features	O
for	O
each	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
for	O
Adobe	O
PhoneGap/	O
Apache	B-Protocol
Cordova	I-Protocol
3	O
.	O
</s>
