<s>
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
(	O
codenamed	O
Android	B-Application
P	I-Application
during	O
development	O
)	O
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Android	B-Application
9	I-Application
(	O
API	O
28	O
)	O
is	O
the	O
ninth	B-Application
major	I-Application
release	I-Application
and	O
the	O
16th	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Android	B-Application
mobile	I-Application
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
6	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
officially	O
announced	O
the	O
final	O
release	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
9	I-Application
under	O
the	O
title	O
"	O
Pie	B-Application
"	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
update	O
initially	O
available	O
for	O
current	O
Google	B-Device
Pixel	I-Device
devices	O
,	O
and	O
releases	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
One	I-Application
devices	O
and	O
others	O
to	O
follow	O
"	O
later	O
this	O
year	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Essential	B-Application
Phone	I-Application
was	O
the	O
first	O
third-party	O
Android	B-Application
device	O
to	O
receive	O
an	O
update	O
to	O
Pie	B-Application
,	O
notably	O
coming	O
day-and-date	O
with	O
its	O
final	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Sony	B-Operating_System
Xperia	I-Operating_System
XZ3	I-Operating_System
was	O
the	O
first	O
device	O
with	O
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
pre-installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
December	O
2022	O
,	O
9.17	O
%	O
of	O
all	O
Android	B-Application
devices	O
ran	O
Android	B-Application
9	I-Application
Pie	I-Application
(	O
not	O
receiving	O
security	O
updates	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
17.2	O
%	O
of	O
tablets	O
alone	O
still	O
running	O
Pie	B-Application
,	O
making	O
it	O
the	O
third	O
most	O
popular	O
version	O
to	O
date	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
,	O
then	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
Android	B-Application
P	I-Application
"	O
,	O
was	O
first	O
announced	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
on	O
March	O
7	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
developer	O
preview	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
beta	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
P	I-Application
was	O
released	O
on	O
July	O
25	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
August	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
handful	O
of	O
notable	O
custom	O
Android	B-Application
distributions	O
(	O
ROMs	O
)	O
of	O
9	O
Pie	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
utilizes	O
a	O
refresh	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
's	I-Application
"	O
material	B-Application
design	I-Application
"	O
language	O
,	O
unofficially	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
Material	B-Application
Design	I-Application
2.0	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
applied	O
to	O
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
's	O
interface	O
,	O
rounded	O
corners	O
(	O
influenced	O
by	O
the	O
proprietary	O
Google	B-Application
theme	O
used	O
by	O
in-house	O
software	O
implementing	O
Material	B-Application
Design	I-Application
2.0	O
)	O
are	O
more	O
prominent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Pie	B-Application
contains	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
screen	O
cutouts	O
(	O
"	O
notches	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
including	O
APIs	O
and	O
system	O
behaviors	O
depending	O
on	O
their	O
size	O
and	O
position	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
certification	O
requirements	O
restrict	O
devices	O
to	O
two	O
cutouts	O
,	O
which	O
may	O
only	O
be	O
along	O
the	O
top	O
or	O
bottom	O
of	O
the	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
significant	O
user	O
interface	O
change	O
on	O
Pie	B-Application
is	O
a	O
redesigned	O
on-screen	O
navigation	O
bar	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
previous	O
versions	O
of	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
it	O
only	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
slim	O
home	O
button	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
back	O
button	O
rendered	O
only	O
when	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gesture	O
bar	O
is	O
used	O
primarily	O
on	O
new	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Pixel	B-Device
3	I-Device
;	O
existing	O
devices	O
may	O
either	O
use	O
the	O
previous	O
navigation	O
key	O
setup	O
or	O
offer	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
opt	O
into	O
gesture	O
navigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
opposed	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
recent	O
apps	O
menu	O
,	O
Overview	O
utilizes	O
a	O
horizontal	O
layout	O
rather	O
than	O
vertical	O
,	O
and	O
text	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
selected	O
and	O
copied	O
from	O
apps	O
appearing	O
there	O
(	O
although	O
this	O
uses	O
OCR	B-Application
rather	O
than	O
the	O
native	O
text	O
as	O
to	O
conserve	O
resources	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
introduces	O
a	O
major	O
change	O
to	O
power	O
management	O
,	O
using	O
algorithms	O
to	O
prioritize	O
background	O
activity	O
by	O
apps	O
based	O
on	O
long-term	O
usage	O
patterns	O
and	O
predictions	O
,	O
dividing	O
apps	O
into	O
"	O
Active	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
Working	O
Set	O
"	O
(	O
run	O
often	O
)	O
,	O
"	O
Frequent	O
"	O
,	O
"	O
Rare	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
Never	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
of	O
these	O
features	O
were	O
developed	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
DeepMind	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
"	O
PrecomputedText	O
"	O
API	O
(	O
also	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
compatibility	O
library	O
compatible	O
with	O
Android	B-Application
4.0	I-Application
and	O
newer	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
perform	O
text	O
display	O
processing	O
in	O
a	O
background	O
thread	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
a	O
UI	O
thread	O
to	O
improve	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
Runtime	I-Application
can	O
now	O
create	O
compressed	O
bytecode	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
profiler	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
uploaded	O
to	O
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
servers	O
to	O
be	O
bundled	O
with	O
apps	O
when	O
downloaded	O
by	O
users	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apps	O
targeting	O
older	O
Android	B-Application
API	O
levels	O
(	O
beginning	O
with	O
Android	B-Application
4.2	I-Application
)	O
display	O
a	O
warning	O
when	O
launched	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
Play	I-Application
Store	I-Application
is	O
now	O
requiring	O
all	O
apps	O
to	O
target	O
an	O
API	O
level	O
released	O
within	O
the	O
past	O
year	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
also	O
mandate	O
64-bit	O
support	O
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
supports	O
IEEE	O
802.11mc	O
,	O
including	O
Wi-Fi	O
Round	O
Trip	O
Time	O
for	O
location	O
positioning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
High	O
Efficiency	O
Image	O
File	O
Format	O
(	O
subject	O
to	O
patent	O
licensing	O
and	O
hardware	O
support	O
)	O
and	O
VP9	B-Algorithm
Profile	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DNS	B-Protocol
over	I-Protocol
TLS	I-Protocol
is	O
supported	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
"	O
Private	O
DNS	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Android	B-Application
Go	I-Application
for	O
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
uses	O
less	O
storage	O
than	O
the	O
previous	O
release	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
enhancements	O
to	O
security	O
and	O
storage	O
tracking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
after	O
its	O
launch	O
,	O
several	O
users	O
on	O
Pixel	B-Device
devices	I-Device
and	O
the	O
Essential	B-Application
Phone	I-Application
noted	O
a	O
decrease	O
in	O
battery	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Android	B-Application
Pie	I-Application
became	O
available	O
to	O
more	O
phones	O
,	O
some	O
users	O
on	O
various	O
devices	O
reported	O
similar	O
comparisons	O
.	O
</s>
