<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
Project	I-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
environment	I-Architecture
developed	O
at	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
beginning	O
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Information	O
Technology	O
Center	O
,	O
a	O
partnership	O
of	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
(	O
CMU	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
International	O
Business	O
Machines	O
Corporation	O
(	O
IBM	O
)	O
,	O
began	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
Project	I-Operating_System
in	O
1982	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
initial	O
phase	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
involved	O
both	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
,	O
including	O
wiring	O
the	O
campus	O
for	O
data	O
and	O
developing	O
workstations	B-Device
to	O
be	O
distributed	O
to	O
students	O
and	O
faculty	O
at	O
CMU	O
and	O
elsewhere	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
proposed	O
"	O
3M	O
computer	O
"	O
workstations	B-Device
included	O
a	O
million	O
pixel	O
display	O
and	O
a	O
megabyte	O
of	O
memory	O
,	O
running	O
at	O
a	O
million	O
instructions	O
per	O
second	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
initial	O
hardware	O
deployment	O
in	O
1985	O
established	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
university-owned	O
"	O
clusters	O
"	O
of	O
public	O
workstations	B-Device
in	O
various	O
academic	O
buildings	O
and	O
dormitories	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
development	O
within	O
the	O
Information	O
Technology	O
Center	O
,	O
originally	O
called	O
VICE	O
(	O
Vast	O
Integrated	O
Computing	O
Environment	O
)	O
and	O
VIRTUE	O
(	O
Virtue	O
Is	O
Reached	O
Through	O
Unix	O
and	O
Emacs	O
)	O
,	O
focused	O
on	O
centralized	O
tools	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
file	O
server	O
,	O
and	O
workstation	B-Device
tools	O
including	O
a	O
window	B-Application
manager	I-Application
,	O
editor	O
,	O
email	O
,	O
and	O
file	O
system	O
client	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
prototyped	O
on	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
machines	O
,	O
and	O
then	O
to	O
IBM	B-Device
RT	I-Device
PC	I-Device
series	O
computers	O
running	O
a	O
special	O
IBM	B-Operating_System
Academic	I-Operating_System
Operating	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
Toolkit	I-Operating_System
(	O
ATK	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
tools	O
that	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
create	O
and	O
distribute	O
documents	O
containing	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
formatted	O
and	O
embedded	O
objects	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Application
File	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
AFS	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
distributed	O
file	O
system	O
emphasizing	O
scalability	O
for	O
an	O
academic	O
and	O
research	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
Manager	I-Operating_System
(	O
WM	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
tiled	O
(	O
non-overlapping	O
windows	O
)	O
window	O
system	O
which	O
allowed	O
remote	O
display	O
of	O
windows	O
on	O
a	O
workstation	B-Device
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
network-oriented	O
window	B-Application
managers	I-Application
to	O
run	O
on	O
Unix	O
as	O
a	O
graphical	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
WM	O
was	O
later	O
replaced	O
by	O
X11	B-Operating_System
from	O
the	O
Massachusetts	O
Institute	O
of	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMS	O
was	O
fully	O
decommissioned	O
and	O
replaced	O
with	O
the	O
Cyrus	B-Protocol
IMAP	I-Protocol
server	I-Protocol
in	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
Consortium	I-Operating_System
governs	O
and	O
maintains	O
the	O
development	O
and	O
distribution	O
of	O
the	O
Andrew	O
User	O
Interface	O
System	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
User	I-Operating_System
Environment	I-Operating_System
(	O
AUE	O
)	O
contains	O
the	O
main	O
editor	O
,	O
help	O
system	O
,	O
user	O
interface	O
,	O
and	O
tools	O
for	O
rendering	O
multimedia	O
and	O
embedded	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Andrew	B-Operating_System
Toolkit	I-Operating_System
(	O
ATK	O
)	O
contains	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
formattable	O
and	O
embeddable	O
objects	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
a	O
method	O
for	O
developers	O
to	O
design	O
their	O
own	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
raster	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
object	O
can	O
be	O
embedded	O
into	O
a	O
spreadsheet	O
object	O
.	O
</s>
