<s>
Analytica	B-Language
is	O
a	O
visual	O
software	O
developed	O
by	O
Lumina	O
Decision	O
Systems	O
for	O
creating	O
,	O
analyzing	O
and	O
communicating	O
quantitative	O
decision	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
combines	O
hierarchical	O
influence	O
diagrams	O
for	O
visual	O
creation	O
and	O
view	O
of	O
models	O
,	O
intelligent	O
arrays	O
for	O
working	O
with	O
multidimensional	O
data	O
,	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
simulation	I-Algorithm
for	O
analyzing	O
risk	O
and	O
uncertainty	O
,	O
and	O
optimization	O
,	O
including	O
linear	O
and	O
nonlinear	O
programming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
computer	O
language	O
,	O
it	O
combines	O
a	O
declarative	B-Language
(	O
non-procedural	O
)	O
structure	O
for	O
referential	O
transparency	O
,	O
array	O
abstraction	O
,	O
and	O
automatic	O
dependency	O
maintenance	O
for	O
efficient	O
sequencing	O
of	O
computation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
models	O
are	O
organized	O
as	O
influence	O
diagrams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
influence	O
diagrams	O
may	O
be	O
hierarchical	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
single	O
module	O
node	O
on	O
a	O
diagram	O
represents	O
an	O
entire	O
submodel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hierarchical	O
influence	O
diagrams	O
in	O
Analytica	B-Language
serve	O
as	O
an	O
organizational	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
visual	O
layout	O
of	O
an	O
influence	O
diagram	O
matches	O
these	O
natural	O
human	O
abilities	O
both	O
spatially	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
level	O
of	O
abstraction	O
,	O
people	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
take	O
in	O
more	O
information	O
about	O
a	O
model	O
's	O
structure	O
and	O
organization	O
at	O
a	O
glance	O
than	O
is	O
possible	O
with	O
less	O
visual	O
paradigms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
spreadsheets	B-Application
and	O
mathematical	O
expressions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
gives	O
users	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
help	O
target	O
audiences	O
understand	O
these	O
aspects	O
within	O
their	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
uses	O
index	O
objects	O
to	O
track	O
the	O
dimensions	O
of	O
multidimensional	O
arrays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
where	O
Revenue	O
and	O
Expenses	O
are	O
each	O
multidimensional	O
,	O
Analytica	B-Language
repeats	O
the	O
profit	O
calculation	O
over	O
each	O
dimension	O
,	O
but	O
recognizes	O
when	O
same	O
dimension	O
occurs	O
in	O
both	O
values	O
and	O
treats	O
it	O
as	O
the	O
same	O
dimension	O
during	O
the	O
calculation	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
process	O
called	O
intelligent	O
array	O
abstraction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
automatically	O
propagates	O
these	O
new	O
dimensions	O
to	O
any	O
results	O
that	O
depend	O
upon	O
discount_rate	O
,	O
so	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
result	O
for	O
Net	O
present	O
value	O
will	O
become	O
multidimensional	O
and	O
contain	O
these	O
new	O
dimensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
essence	O
,	O
Analytica	B-Language
repeats	O
the	O
same	O
calculation	O
using	O
the	O
discount	O
rate	O
for	O
each	O
possible	O
combination	O
of	O
Country	O
and	O
Economic_scenario	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Uncertain	O
quantities	O
in	O
Analytica	B-Language
can	O
be	O
specified	O
using	O
a	O
distribution	O
function	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
evaluated	O
,	O
distributions	O
are	O
sampled	O
using	O
either	O
Latin	O
hypercube	O
,	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
Sobol	O
sampling	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
samples	O
are	O
propagated	O
through	O
the	O
computations	O
to	O
the	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
sampled	O
result	O
distribution	O
and	O
summary	O
statistics	O
can	O
then	O
be	O
viewed	O
directly	O
(	O
mean	O
,	O
fractile	O
bands	O
,	O
probability	O
density	O
function	O
(	O
PDF	O
)	O
,	O
cumulative	O
distribution	O
function	O
(	O
CDF	O
)	O
)	O
,	O
Analytica	B-Language
supports	O
collaborative	O
decision	O
analysis	O
and	O
probability	O
management	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
SIPMath(tm )	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dynamic( )	O
function	O
in	O
Analytica	B-Language
allows	O
definition	O
of	O
variables	O
with	O
cyclic	O
dependencies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
feedback	O
loops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
includes	O
a	O
general	O
language	O
of	O
operators	O
and	O
functions	O
for	O
expressing	O
mathematical	O
relationships	O
among	O
variables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
has	O
several	O
features	O
as	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
designed	O
to	O
make	O
it	O
easy	O
to	O
use	O
for	O
quantitative	O
modeling	O
:	O
It	O
is	O
a	O
visual	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
where	O
users	O
view	O
programs	O
(	O
or	O
"	O
models	O
"	O
)	O
as	O
influence	O
diagrams	O
,	O
which	O
they	O
create	O
and	O
edit	O
visually	O
by	O
adding	O
and	O
linking	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
declarative	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
a	O
model	O
declares	O
a	O
definition	O
for	O
each	O
variable	O
without	O
specifying	O
an	O
execution	O
sequence	O
as	O
required	O
by	O
conventional	O
imperative	B-Application
languages	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
determines	O
a	O
correct	O
and	O
efficient	O
execution	O
sequence	O
using	O
the	O
dependency	O
graph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
referentially	O
transparent	O
functional	B-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
in	O
that	O
execution	O
of	O
functions	O
and	O
variables	O
have	O
no	O
side	O
effects	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
is	O
an	O
array	B-Application
programming	I-Application
language	I-Application
,	O
where	O
operations	O
and	O
functions	O
generalize	O
to	O
work	O
on	O
multidimensional	O
arrays	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
has	O
been	O
used	O
for	O
policy	O
analysis	O
,	O
business	O
modeling	O
,	O
and	O
risk	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Areas	O
in	O
which	O
Analytica	B-Language
has	O
been	O
applied	O
include	O
energy	O
,	O
health	O
and	O
pharmaceuticals	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Analytica	B-Language
software	O
runs	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
Free	O
Edition	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
an	O
unlimited	O
time	O
and	O
lets	O
you	O
build	O
models	O
of	O
up	O
to	O
101	O
user	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
Professional	O
,	O
Enterprise	O
,	O
Optimizer	O
are	O
desktop	O
editions	O
with	O
increasing	O
levels	O
of	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Analytica	B-Language
Cloud	O
Platform	O
lets	O
users	O
share	O
models	O
via	O
a	O
server	O
and	O
run	O
them	O
via	O
a	O
web	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
6.1	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Analytica	B-Language
's	O
predecessor	O
,	O
called	O
Demos	O
,	O
grew	O
from	O
the	O
research	O
on	O
tools	O
for	O
policy	O
analysis	O
by	O
Max	O
Henrion	O
as	O
a	O
PhD	O
student	O
and	O
later	O
professor	O
at	O
Carnegie	O
Mellon	O
University	O
between	O
1979	O
and	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lumina	O
first	O
released	O
Analytica	B-Language
as	O
a	O
product	O
in	O
1996	O
.	O
</s>
