<s>
Amorphous	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
refers	O
to	O
computational	O
systems	O
that	O
use	O
very	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
identical	O
,	O
parallel	O
processors	O
each	O
having	O
limited	O
computational	O
ability	O
and	O
local	O
interactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
Amorphous	B-Operating_System
Computing	I-Operating_System
was	O
coined	O
at	O
MIT	O
in	O
1996	O
in	O
a	O
paper	O
entitled	O
by	O
Abelson	O
,	O
Knight	O
,	O
Sussman	O
,	O
et	O
al	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
naturally	O
occurring	O
amorphous	O
computations	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
many	O
fields	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
developmental	O
biology	O
(	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
multicellular	O
organisms	O
from	O
a	O
single	O
cell	O
)	O
,	O
molecular	O
biology	O
(	O
the	O
organization	O
of	O
sub-cellular	O
compartments	O
and	O
intra-cell	O
signaling	O
)	O
,	O
neural	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
,	O
and	O
chemical	O
engineering	O
(	O
non-equilibrium	O
systems	O
)	O
to	O
name	O
a	O
few	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Implemented	O
by	O
redundant	O
,	O
potentially	O
faulty	O
,	O
massively	B-Operating_System
parallel	I-Operating_System
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
are	O
found	O
in	O
Internet	O
routing	O
algorithms	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Diffusing	B-Protocol
Update	I-Protocol
Algorithm	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
algorithms	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
amorphous	B-Operating_System
computing	I-Operating_System
literature	O
assume	O
this	O
kind	O
of	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
