<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
chipsets	I-Device
,	O
various	O
specially	O
designed	O
chips	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
Commodore	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
computers	O
that	O
do	O
not	O
belong	O
to	O
the	O
'	O
Amiga	B-Device
chipset	O
 '	O
in	O
a	O
tight	O
sense	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CSG	O
5719	O
Gary	O
,	O
short	O
for	O
Gate	O
Array	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
500	I-Device
,	O
2000(B )	O
and	O
CDTV	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gary	O
provides	O
glue	O
logic	O
for	O
bus	B-General_Concept
control	O
and	O
houses	O
supporting	O
functions	O
for	O
the	O
floppy	B-Device
disk	I-Device
drive	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
integrates	O
many	O
functions	O
built	O
discretely	O
in	O
the	O
earlier	O
Amiga	B-Device
1000	I-Device
in	O
order	O
to	O
reduce	O
costs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fat	O
Gary	O
was	O
Gary	O
's	O
upgrade	O
for	O
the	O
32-bit	O
A3000/T	B-Device
and	O
A4000/T	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gayle	O
replaced	O
Gary	O
in	O
the	O
A600	B-Device
and	O
A1200	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
incorporates	O
the	O
control	O
logic	O
for	O
the	O
PCMCIA	B-Architecture
and	O
internal	O
ATA	B-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
on	O
these	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Akiko	O
is	O
the	O
CD32	B-Device
's	O
all-purpose	O
'	O
glue	O
 '	O
chip	O
and	O
forms	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
AGA	B-Device
chipset	O
used	O
in	O
that	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Akiko	O
is	O
responsible	O
for	O
implementing	O
system	O
glue	O
logic	O
that	O
in	O
previous	O
Amiga	B-Device
models	O
were	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
discrete	O
chips	O
Budgie	O
,	O
Gayle	O
and	O
the	O
two	O
CIAs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
detail	O
,	O
it	O
includes	O
control	O
logic	O
for	O
the	O
CD32	B-Device
's	O
CD-ROM	B-Device
controller	O
,	O
system	O
timers	O
,	O
the	O
two	O
game	O
ports	O
,	O
the	O
serial	O
( 	O
 '	O
AUX	O
 '	O
)	O
port	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
chip	O
memory	O
soldered	O
onto	O
the	O
motherboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
the	O
Akiko	O
chip	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
assist	O
simple	O
'	O
chunky-to-planar	O
'	O
graphics	O
conversion	O
in	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
native	O
display	O
is	O
a	O
planar	B-Device
display	O
which	O
is	O
simple	O
and	O
efficient	O
to	O
manipulate	O
for	O
routines	O
like	O
scrolling	O
or	O
2D	O
composition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
chunky	B-General_Concept
displays	O
are	O
faster	O
and	O
more	O
efficient	O
for	O
3D	O
graphics	O
manipulation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
conversion	O
works	O
by	O
writing	O
32	O
8-bit	O
chunky	B-General_Concept
pixels	B-Algorithm
to	O
Akiko	O
's	O
registers	O
and	O
reading	O
back	O
eight	O
32-bit	O
words	O
of	O
converted	O
planar	B-Device
data	O
to	O
be	O
copied	O
to	O
the	O
display	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bridgette	O
is	O
an	O
integrated	O
bus	B-General_Concept
buffer	B-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
A4000	O
series	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Buster	O
is	O
the	O
expansion	O
BUS	B-General_Concept
conTrollER	O
and	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
Amiga	O
2000(B )	O
,	O
integrating	O
discrete	O
logic	O
from	O
the	O
original	O
A2000(A )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Buster	O
controls	O
bus	B-General_Concept
arbitration	O
and	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
for	O
the	O
Zorro	B-Device
II	I-Device
expansion	O
subsystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
3000	I-Device
and	O
4000	O
lines	O
use	O
Super	O
Buster	O
for	O
bus	B-General_Concept
control	O
and	O
arbitration	O
of	O
both	O
Zorro	B-Device
II	I-Device
and	O
Zorro	B-Device
III	I-Device
subsystems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Level	O
I	O
-	O
up	O
to	O
rev	O
7	O
(	O
A3000	O
)	O
,	O
only	O
provides	O
support	O
for	O
basic	O
Zorro	B-Device
III	I-Device
without	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
support	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
a	O
bug	O
that	O
might	O
lead	O
to	O
a	O
bus	B-General_Concept
lockup	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
rev	O
11	O
(	O
Late	O
A4000	O
,	O
A4000CR	O
,	O
A4000T	O
and	O
aftermarket	O
)	O
provides	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
support	O
for	O
a	O
single	O
bus	B-General_Concept
master	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
revisions	O
fully	O
support	O
Zorro	B-Device
II	I-Device
PIO	B-General_Concept
and	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Used	O
in	O
the	O
A1200	B-Application
,	O
Budgie	O
connects	O
the	O
trapdoor	O
expansion	O
port	O
for	O
Zorro	O
II-like	O
expansions	O
and	O
controls	O
additional	O
Fast	B-Device
RAM	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
MOS	O
Technology	O
8727	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
was	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
A2090(A )	O
ST-506/SCSI	O
Controller	O
and	O
provides	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
management	O
for	O
the	O
Konan	O
DJC-002	O
(	O
ST-506	B-Device
)	O
and	O
the	O
WD33C93	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
controllers	O
with	O
byte-to-word	O
funnelling	O
and	O
a	O
64-byte	O
FIFO	B-Operating_System
buffer	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Used	O
in	O
A2091/A590	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
adapters	O
,	O
the	O
CDTV	B-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
A570	B-Device
CDROM	I-Device
expansion	O
,	O
the	O
16-bit	O
DMAC	O
provides	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
and	O
bus	B-General_Concept
interface	O
for	O
the	O
WD33C93A	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
controller	O
or	O
the	O
A570	B-Device
's	O
XC2064	O
FPGA	B-Architecture
chip	O
and	O
includes	O
24-bit	O
address	O
generation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
A3000	O
and	O
A4000	O
series	O
,	O
Ramsey	O
controls	O
the	O
on-board	O
32-bit	O
Fast	B-Device
RAM	I-Device
,	O
four	O
banks	O
of	O
either	O
1	O
or	O
4MiB	O
,	O
and	O
provides	O
address	O
generation	O
for	O
Super	O
DMAC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SDMAC	O
in	O
the	O
A3000/T	B-Device
provides	O
DMA	B-General_Concept
and	O
bus	B-General_Concept
interface	O
for	O
the	O
integrated	O
WD33C93A	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
controller	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Kickstart	B-Device
ROM	B-Device
is	O
not	O
a	O
custom	O
chip	O
but	O
a	O
mask-programmed	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
chip	I-Device
for	O
most	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
the	O
largest	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kickstart	B-Device
1.x	O
ROMs	O
have	O
a	O
capacity	O
of	O
256KiB	O
,	O
Kickstart	B-Device
2.x	O
and	O
3.x	O
contain	O
512KiB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
32-bit	O
Amigas	B-Device
use	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
16-bit	O
chips	O
to	O
provide	O
full-width	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
non	O
mass-produced	O
upgrade	O
versions	O
were	O
often	O
realized	O
with	O
PROMs	B-General_Concept
or	O
EPROMs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Amiga	B-Device
computers	I-Device
use	O
two	O
8520	B-Device
CIAs	O
(	O
Complex	O
Interface	O
Adapter	O
)	O
for	O
peripheral	O
interfacing	O
and	O
the	O
system	O
timers	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
the	O
CD32	B-Device
,	O
where	O
these	O
functions	O
are	O
performed	O
by	O
the	O
Akiko	O
chip	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
'	O
Odd	O
 '	O
CIA	O
functions	O
:	O
parallel	O
port	O
,	O
keyboard	O
,	O
some	O
floppy	B-Device
support	O
,	O
joystick/mouse	O
button	O
number	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
'	O
Hedley	O
Controller	O
 '	O
390562-01	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
A2024	O
high	O
resolution	O
monitor	O
and	O
controlled	O
the	O
frame	O
buffer	B-General_Concept
(	O
usually	O
eight	O
64K×4	O
DRAMs	O
)	O
in	O
either	O
flicker	B-Device
fixer	I-Device
mode	O
or	O
its	O
own	O
special	O
1024×	O
800/1024	O
×1024	O
resolution	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amber	O
(	O
390538-03	O
)	O
was	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
A3000(T )	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
A2320	O
flicker	B-Device
fixer	I-Device
expansion	O
for	O
the	O
A2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amber	O
buffers	B-General_Concept
alternate	O
video	O
fields	O
in	O
three	O
256K×4	O
field	O
memory	O
chips	O
(	O
OKI	O
MSM514221	O
)	O
to	O
convert	O
interlaced	O
output	O
to	O
progressive	O
format	O
( 	O
 '	O
weaving	O
 '	O
)	O
at	O
31kHz	O
,	O
twice	O
the	O
normal	O
scan	B-General_Concept
frequency	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amber	O
can	O
accurately	O
sample	B-Algorithm
Lores	O
and	O
Hires	O
modes	O
but	O
drops	O
every	O
other	O
horizontal	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
in	O
SuperHires	O
(	O
35ns	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
)	O
mode	O
(	O
for	O
simplicity	O
,	O
it	O
always	O
runs	O
in	O
Hires	O
mode	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amber	O
was	O
also	O
designed	O
to	O
work	O
without	O
expensive	O
field	O
memory	O
as	O
a	O
simple	O
scan	B-Device
doubler	I-Device
,	O
but	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
marketed	O
that	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
A600	B-Device
and	O
AGA	B-Device
Amigas	B-Device
use	O
off-the-shelf	O
DACs	O
.	O
</s>
