<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
family	O
of	O
proprietary	B-Application
native	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
and	O
AmigaOne	B-Device
personal	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
first	O
by	O
Commodore	O
International	O
and	O
introduced	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
1000	I-Device
,	O
in	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
versions	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
required	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
series	I-Device
of	O
16-bit	B-Device
and	O
32-bit	O
microprocessors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
were	O
developed	O
by	O
Haage	O
&	O
Partner	O
(	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.5	O
and	O
3.9	O
)	O
and	O
then	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
(	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4.0-4.1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
microprocessor	O
is	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
most	O
recent	O
release	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
single-user	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
a	O
preemptive	O
multitasking	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
called	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
an	O
abstraction	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
hardware	O
,	O
a	O
disk	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
called	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
API	B-Application
called	O
Intuition	B-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
desktop	O
environment	O
and	O
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
called	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
intellectual	O
property	O
is	O
fragmented	O
between	O
Amiga	B-Device
Inc.	O
,	O
Cloanto	O
,	O
and	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2001	O
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
Inc	O
.	O
contracted	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4	I-Application
development	O
to	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
and	O
,	O
in	O
2009	O
they	O
granted	O
Hyperion	O
an	O
exclusive	O
,	O
perpetual	O
,	O
worldwide	O
license	O
to	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
market	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4	I-Application
and	O
subsequent	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
29	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1	O
source	O
code	O
leaked	O
to	O
the	O
web	O
;	O
this	O
was	O
confirmed	O
by	O
the	O
licensee	O
,	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
is	O
a	O
single-user	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
a	O
preemptive	O
multitasking	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
,	O
called	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
provides	O
an	O
abstraction	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
hardware	O
,	O
a	O
disk	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
called	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
API	B-Application
called	O
Intuition	B-Application
and	O
a	O
desktop	O
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
called	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
command-line	B-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
CLI	O
)	O
,	O
called	O
AmigaShell	B-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
also	O
integrated	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
also	O
is	O
entirely	O
window-based	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
CLI	O
and	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
components	O
share	O
the	O
same	O
privileges	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
lacks	O
any	O
built-in	O
memory	B-General_Concept
protection	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
is	O
formed	O
from	O
two	O
parts	O
,	O
namely	O
,	O
a	O
firmware	O
component	O
called	O
Kickstart	B-Device
and	O
a	O
software	O
portion	O
usually	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
until	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1	O
,	O
matching	O
versions	O
of	O
Kickstart	B-Device
and	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
were	O
typically	O
released	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
since	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.5	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
after	O
Commodore	O
's	O
demise	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
software	O
component	O
has	O
been	O
updated	O
and	O
the	O
role	O
of	O
Kickstart	B-Device
has	O
been	O
diminished	O
somewhat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
was	O
until	O
2018	O
when	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
(	O
license	O
holder	O
to	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1	O
)	O
released	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1.4	O
with	O
an	O
updated	O
Kickstart	B-Device
ROM	B-Device
to	O
go	O
with	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kickstart	B-Device
is	O
the	O
bootstrap	O
firmware	O
,	O
usually	O
stored	O
in	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kickstart	B-Device
contains	O
the	O
code	O
needed	O
to	O
boot	O
standard	O
Amiga	B-Device
hardware	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
components	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
function	O
of	O
Kickstart	B-Device
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
the	O
BIOS	B-Operating_System
plus	O
the	O
main	O
operating	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
in	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatibles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Kickstart	B-Device
provides	O
more	O
functionality	O
available	O
at	O
boot	O
time	O
than	O
would	O
typically	O
be	O
expected	O
on	O
PC	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
full	O
windowing	B-Application
environment	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kickstart	B-Device
contains	O
many	O
core	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
,	O
Intuition	B-Application
,	O
the	O
core	O
of	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
functionality	O
to	O
initialize	O
Autoconfig-compliant	O
expansion	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
Kickstart	B-Device
contained	O
drivers	O
for	O
IDE	B-Protocol
and	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
controllers	O
,	O
PC	B-Architecture
card	I-Architecture
ports	O
and	O
other	O
built-in	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Upon	O
start-up	O
or	O
reset	O
the	O
Kickstart	B-Device
performs	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
diagnostic	O
and	O
system	O
checks	O
and	O
then	O
initializes	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
chipset	O
and	O
some	O
core	O
OS	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
start-up	O
Kickstart	B-Device
attempts	O
to	O
boot	O
from	O
a	O
bootable	O
device	O
(	O
typically	O
,	O
a	O
floppy	O
disk	O
or	O
hard	O
disk	O
drive	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
a	O
floppy	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
reads	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
sectors	O
of	O
the	O
disk	O
(	O
the	O
bootblock	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
and	O
executes	O
any	O
boot	O
instructions	O
stored	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Normally	O
this	O
code	O
passes	O
control	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
OS	O
(	O
invoking	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
and	O
using	O
the	O
disk	O
as	O
the	O
system	O
boot	O
volume	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bootblock	B-Operating_System
could	O
be	O
added	O
to	O
a	O
blank	O
disk	O
by	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
install	O
command	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
games	O
and	O
demos	O
on	O
floppy	O
disk	O
used	O
custom	O
bootblocks	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
them	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
the	O
boot	O
sequence	O
and	O
manage	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
hardware	O
without	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bootblock	B-Operating_System
became	O
an	O
obvious	O
target	O
for	O
virus	O
writers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
games	O
or	O
demos	O
that	O
used	O
a	O
custom	O
bootblock	B-Operating_System
would	O
not	O
work	O
if	O
infected	O
with	O
a	O
bootblock	B-Operating_System
virus	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
virus	O
replaced	O
the	O
original	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
such	O
virus	O
was	O
the	O
SCA	B-Device
virus	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Anti-virus	B-Application
attempts	O
included	O
custom	O
bootblocks	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
amended	O
bootblock	B-Operating_System
advertised	O
the	O
presence	O
of	O
the	O
virus	B-Application
checker	I-Application
while	O
checking	O
the	O
system	O
for	O
tell-tale	O
signs	O
of	O
memory-resident	O
viruses	O
and	O
then	O
passed	O
control	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately	O
these	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
disks	O
that	O
already	O
relied	O
on	O
a	O
custom	O
bootblock	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
did	O
alert	O
users	O
to	O
potential	O
trouble	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exec	B-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
multi-tasking	B-Operating_System
kernel	B-Operating_System
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exec	B-Operating_System
provides	O
functionality	O
for	O
multi-tasking	B-Operating_System
,	O
memory	O
allocation	O
,	O
interrupt	B-Application
handling	I-Application
and	O
handling	O
of	O
dynamic	B-Application
shared	I-Application
libraries	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
scheduler	O
for	O
tasks	B-General_Concept
running	O
on	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
providing	O
pre-emptive	O
multitasking	B-Operating_System
with	O
prioritized	O
round-robin	B-Algorithm
scheduling	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exec	B-Operating_System
also	O
provides	O
access	O
to	O
other	O
libraries	O
and	O
high-level	O
inter-process	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
via	O
message	B-Architecture
passing	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
comparable	O
microkernels	B-Operating_System
have	O
had	O
performance	O
problems	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
copy	O
messages	O
between	O
address	O
spaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
has	O
only	O
one	O
address	O
space	O
,	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
message	B-Architecture
passing	I-Architecture
is	O
quite	O
efficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
provides	O
the	O
disk	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
portion	O
of	O
the	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
file	O
and	O
directory	O
manipulation	O
,	O
the	O
command-line	B-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
file	O
redirection	B-Device
,	O
console	O
windows	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
interfaces	O
offer	O
facilities	O
such	O
as	O
command	B-Device
redirection	I-Device
,	O
piping	B-Operating_System
,	O
scripting	B-Language
with	O
structured	B-Language
programming	I-Language
primitives	B-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
global	O
and	O
local	O
variables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
1.x	O
,	O
the	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
portion	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
TRIPOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
BCPL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interfacing	O
with	O
it	O
from	O
other	O
languages	O
proved	O
a	O
difficult	O
and	O
error-prone	O
task	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
port	O
of	O
TRIPOS	B-Operating_System
was	O
not	O
very	O
efficient	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.x	O
onwards	O
,	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
was	O
rewritten	O
in	O
C	B-Language
and	O
Assembler	B-Language
,	O
retaining	O
1.x	O
BCPL	B-Language
program	O
compatibility	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
incorporated	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
third-party	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
Resource	O
Project	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
already	O
written	O
replacements	O
for	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
BCPL	B-Language
utilities	O
and	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ARP	O
also	O
provided	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
standardized	O
file	O
requesters	O
for	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
and	O
introduced	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
more	O
friendly	O
UNIX-style	O
wildcard	O
(	O
globbing	B-Language
)	O
functions	O
in	O
command-line	B-Application
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
AmigaOS	O
4.0	O
,	O
the	O
DOS	B-Operating_System
abandoned	O
the	O
BCPL	B-Language
legacy	O
completely	O
and	O
,	O
starting	O
from	O
AmigaOS	O
4.1	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
rewritten	O
with	O
full	O
64-bit	B-Device
support	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	O
extensions	O
are	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
,	O
but	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
mandatory	O
and	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
handled	O
specially	O
by	O
the	O
DOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
being	O
instead	O
just	O
a	O
conventional	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Executable	O
programs	B-Application
are	O
recognized	O
using	O
a	O
magic	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
native	O
Amiga	B-Device
windowing	B-Application
system	I-Application
is	O
called	O
Intuition	B-Application
,	O
which	O
handles	O
input	O
from	O
the	O
keyboard	O
and	O
mouse	O
and	O
rendering	O
of	O
screens	O
,	O
windows	O
and	O
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
standardized	O
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
,	O
application	O
developers	O
had	O
to	O
write	O
their	O
own	O
non-standard	O
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commodore	O
added	O
the	O
GadTools	O
library	O
and	O
BOOPSI	B-Device
in	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
provided	O
standardized	O
widgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commodore	O
also	O
published	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
User	O
Interface	O
Style	O
Guide	O
,	O
which	O
explained	O
how	O
applications	O
should	O
be	O
laid	O
out	O
for	O
consistency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stefan	O
Stuntz	O
created	O
a	O
popular	O
third-party	O
widget	O
library	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
BOOPSI	B-Device
,	O
called	O
Magic	B-Library
User	I-Library
Interface	I-Library
,	O
or	O
MUI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
uses	O
MUI	O
as	O
its	O
official	O
toolkit	O
,	O
while	O
AROS	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
MUI	O
clone	O
called	O
Zune	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.5	O
added	O
another	O
widget	O
set	O
,	O
ReAction	B-Library
,	O
also	O
based	O
on	O
BOOPSI	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
unusual	O
feature	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
multiple	O
screens	O
shown	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
display	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
public	O
screens	O
,	O
allowing	O
applications	O
to	O
open	O
windows	O
on	O
other	O
applications	O
 '	O
screens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
screen	O
was	O
shared	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
4	I-Application
introduced	O
screens	O
that	O
are	O
draggable	O
in	O
any	O
direction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Workbench	B-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
native	O
graphical	B-Application
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
and	O
desktop	O
environment	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
term	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
was	O
originally	O
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
was	O
renamed	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
and	O
subsequently	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
refers	O
to	O
the	O
desktop	O
manager	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
name	O
suggests	O
,	O
the	O
metaphor	O
of	O
a	O
workbench	B-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
desktop	O
;	O
directories	O
are	O
depicted	O
as	O
drawers	O
,	O
executable	O
files	O
are	O
tools	O
,	O
data	O
files	O
are	O
projects	O
and	O
GUI	B-Application
widgets	O
are	O
gadgets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
many	O
other	O
aspects	O
the	O
interface	O
resembles	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
main	O
desktop	O
showing	O
icons	O
of	O
inserted	O
disks	O
and	O
hard	O
drive	O
partitions	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
single	O
menu	O
bar	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
every	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
the	O
Macintosh	O
mouse	O
available	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
standard	O
Amiga	B-Device
mouse	O
has	O
two	O
buttons	O
–	O
the	O
right	O
mouse	O
button	O
operates	O
the	O
pull-down	O
menus	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
"	O
release	O
to	O
select	O
"	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Until	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
3	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
only	O
natively	O
supported	O
the	O
native	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
graphics	I-Device
chipset	I-Device
,	O
via	O
graphics.library	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
an	O
API	B-Application
for	O
geometric	B-Algorithm
primitives	I-Algorithm
,	O
raster	B-Algorithm
graphic	I-Algorithm
operations	O
and	O
handling	O
of	O
sprites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
this	O
API	B-Application
could	O
be	O
bypassed	O
,	O
some	O
developers	O
chose	O
to	O
avoid	O
OS	O
functionality	O
for	O
rendering	O
and	O
directly	O
program	O
the	O
underlying	O
hardware	O
for	O
gains	O
in	O
efficiency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
graphics	O
cards	O
were	O
initially	O
supported	O
via	O
proprietary	B-Application
unofficial	O
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
later	O
solution	O
where	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
could	O
directly	O
support	O
any	O
graphics	O
system	O
,	O
was	O
termed	O
retargetable	B-Application
graphics	I-Application
(	O
RTG	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.5	O
,	O
some	O
RTG	O
systems	O
were	O
bundled	O
with	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
common	O
hardware	O
cards	O
other	O
than	O
the	O
native	O
Amiga	B-Device
chipsets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
RTG	O
systems	O
are	O
CyberGraphX	B-Library
,	O
Picasso	O
96	O
and	O
EGS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
vector	O
graphic	O
libraries	O
,	O
like	O
Cairo	B-Language
and	O
Anti-Grain	B-Algorithm
Geometry	I-Algorithm
,	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
systems	O
can	O
use	O
cross-platform	O
SDL	B-Operating_System
(	O
simple	B-Operating_System
DirectMedia	I-Operating_System
Layer	I-Operating_System
)	O
engine	O
for	O
games	O
and	O
other	O
multimedia	O
programs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
did	O
not	O
have	O
any	O
inbuilt	O
3D	O
graphics	O
capability	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
had	O
no	O
standard	O
3D	O
graphics	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
graphics	O
card	O
manufacturers	O
and	O
third-party	O
developers	O
provided	O
their	O
own	O
standards	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
MiniGL	B-Library
,	O
Warp3D	B-Library
,	O
StormMesa	O
(	O
agl.library	O
)	O
and	O
CyberGL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
was	O
launched	O
at	O
a	O
time	O
when	O
there	O
was	O
little	O
support	O
for	O
3D	O
graphics	O
libraries	O
to	O
enhance	O
desktop	O
GUIs	B-Application
and	O
computer	O
rendering	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
became	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
widespread	O
3D	O
development	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VideoScape	B-Device
3D	I-Device
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
3D	O
rendering	O
and	O
animation	O
systems	O
,	O
and	O
Silver/TurboSilver	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
ray-tracing	O
3D	O
programs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
Amiga	B-Device
boasted	O
many	O
influential	O
applications	O
in	O
3D	O
software	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Imagine	B-Device
,	O
maxon	O
's	O
Cinema	B-Device
4D	I-Device
,	O
Realsoft	B-Device
3D	I-Device
,	O
VistaPro	B-Algorithm
,	O
Aladdin	B-Device
4D	I-Device
and	O
NewTek	O
's	O
Lightwave	B-Device
(	O
used	O
to	O
render	O
movies	O
and	O
television	O
shows	O
like	O
Babylon	O
5	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
is	O
well	O
known	O
for	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
easily	O
genlock	O
with	O
video	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
built-in	O
video	B-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
supported	O
a	O
vast	O
number	O
of	O
third-party	O
interfaces	O
for	O
video	B-General_Concept
capture	I-General_Concept
from	O
American	O
and	O
European	O
manufacturers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
internal	O
and	O
external	O
hardware	O
solutions	O
,	O
called	O
frame-grabbers	O
,	O
for	O
capturing	O
individual	O
or	O
sequences	O
of	O
video	O
frames	O
,	O
including	O
:	O
Newtronic	O
Videon	O
,	O
Newtek	O
DigiView	O
,	O
Graffiti	O
external	O
framebuffer	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
Digilab	O
,	O
the	O
Videocruncher	O
,	O
Firecracker	O
24	O
,	O
Vidi	O
Amiga	B-Device
12	O
,	O
Vidi	O
Amiga	B-Device
24-bit	O
and	O
24RT	O
(	O
Real	O
Time	O
)	O
,	O
Newtek	B-Device
Video	I-Device
Toaster	I-Device
,	O
GVP	B-Device
Impact	O
Vision	O
IV24	O
,	O
MacroSystem	O
VLab	O
Motion	O
and	O
VLab	O
PAR	B-Device
,	O
DPS	O
PAR	B-Device
(	O
Personal	B-Device
Animation	I-Device
Recorder	I-Device
)	O
,	O
VHI	O
(	O
Video	O
Hardware	O
Interface	O
)	O
by	O
IOSPIRIT	O
GmbH	O
,	O
DVE-10	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
solutions	O
were	O
hardware	O
plug-ins	O
for	O
Amiga	B-Device
graphics	O
cards	O
like	O
the	O
Merlin	O
XCalibur	O
module	B-Architecture
,	O
or	O
the	O
DV	O
module	B-Architecture
built	O
for	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
clone	O
Draco	B-Device
from	O
the	O
German	O
firm	O
Macrosystem	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Modern	O
PCI	B-Protocol
bus	I-Protocol
TV	O
expansion	O
cards	O
and	O
their	O
capture	O
interfaces	O
are	O
supported	O
through	O
tv.library	O
by	O
Elbox	O
Computer	O
and	O
tvcard.library	O
by	O
Guido	O
Mersmann	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
modern	O
trends	O
in	O
evolution	O
of	O
graphical	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
,	O
AmigaOS	O
4.1	O
uses	O
the	O
3D	O
hardware-accelerated	O
Porter-Duff	B-Algorithm
image	O
composition	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
to	O
version	O
3.5	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
only	O
officially	O
supported	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
native	O
sound	O
chip	O
,	O
via	O
audio.device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
facilitates	O
playback	O
of	O
sound	O
samples	O
on	O
four	O
DMA-driven	O
8-bit	O
PCM	B-Algorithm
sound	O
channels	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
supported	O
hardware	O
sample	O
format	O
is	O
signed	O
linear	O
8-bit	O
two	B-General_Concept
's	I-General_Concept
complement	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
third-party	O
audio	O
cards	O
was	O
vendor-dependent	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
creation	O
and	O
adoption	O
of	O
AHI	B-Library
as	O
a	O
de	O
facto	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AHI	B-Library
offers	O
improved	O
functionality	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
seamless	O
audio	O
playback	O
from	O
a	O
user-selected	O
audio	O
device	O
,	O
standardized	O
functionality	O
for	O
audio	O
recording	O
and	O
efficient	O
software	O
mixing	O
routines	O
for	O
combining	O
multiple	O
sound	O
channels	O
,	O
thus	O
overcoming	O
the	O
four-channel	O
hardware	O
limit	O
of	O
the	O
original	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
chipset	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
AHI	B-Library
can	O
be	O
installed	O
separately	O
on	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
v2.0	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
itself	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
MIDI	O
until	O
version	O
3.1	O
,	O
when	O
Roger	O
Dannenberg	O
's	O
camd.library	B-Application
was	O
adapted	O
as	O
the	O
standard	O
MIDI	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commodore	O
's	O
version	O
of	O
camd.library	B-Application
also	O
included	O
a	O
built-in	O
driver	O
for	O
the	O
serial	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
later	O
open	O
source	O
version	O
of	O
camd.library	B-Application
by	O
Kjetil	O
Matheussen	O
did	O
not	O
provide	O
a	O
built-in	O
driver	O
for	O
the	O
serial	O
port	O
,	O
but	O
provided	O
an	O
external	O
driver	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
to	O
feature	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
with	O
software	O
developed	O
by	O
SoftVoice	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
text-to-speech	B-Application
conversion	O
of	O
American	O
English	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
had	O
three	O
main	O
components	O
:	O
narrator.device	O
,	O
which	O
modulates	O
the	O
phonemes	B-Language
used	O
in	O
American	O
English	O
,	O
translator.library	O
,	O
which	O
translates	O
English	O
text	O
to	O
American	O
English	O
phonemes	B-Language
using	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
rules	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
high-level	O
SPEAK	O
:	O
handler	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
command-line	B-Application
users	O
to	O
redirect	O
text	O
output	O
to	O
speech	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
utility	O
called	O
Say	O
was	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
OS	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
text-to-speech	B-Application
synthesis	O
with	O
some	O
control	O
of	O
voice	O
and	O
speech	O
parameters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
demo	O
was	O
also	O
included	O
with	O
AmigaBASIC	B-Language
programming	O
examples	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
was	O
occasionally	O
used	O
in	O
third-party	O
programs	B-Application
,	O
particularly	O
educational	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
components	O
remained	O
largely	O
unchanged	O
in	O
later	O
OS	O
releases	O
and	O
Commodore	O
eventually	O
removed	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
support	O
from	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.1	O
onward	O
because	O
of	O
licensing	O
restrictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
the	O
American	O
English	O
limitation	O
of	O
the	O
narrator.devices	O
phonemes	B-Language
,	O
Francesco	O
Devitt	O
developed	O
an	O
unofficial	O
version	O
with	O
multilingual	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
made	O
use	O
of	O
an	O
enhanced	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
translator.library	O
which	O
could	O
translate	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
languages	O
into	O
phonemes	B-Language
,	O
given	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
rules	O
for	O
each	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
has	O
a	O
dynamically	O
sized	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
,	O
which	O
resizes	O
itself	O
automatically	O
to	O
accommodate	O
its	O
contents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.x	O
,	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
configuration	O
files	O
were	O
loaded	O
into	O
the	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
on	O
boot	O
,	O
greatly	O
speeding	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
files	O
could	O
be	O
copied	O
to	O
the	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
like	O
any	O
standard	O
device	O
for	O
quick	O
modification	O
and	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
beginning	O
in	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.x	O
,	O
the	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
supported	O
file-change	O
notification	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
mostly	O
used	O
to	O
monitor	O
configuration	O
files	O
for	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
1.3	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
fixed-capacity	O
recoverable	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
,	O
which	O
functions	O
as	O
a	O
standard	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
but	O
can	O
maintain	O
its	O
contents	O
on	O
soft	O
restart	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
,	O
a	O
recoverable	O
RAM	B-Application
disk	I-Application
,	O
commonly	O
called	O
the	O
ASDG	O
RRD	O
or	O
VD0	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1987	O
;	O
at	O
first	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
locked	O
to	O
ASDG	O
expansion	O
memory	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
has	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Rexx	B-Language
language	O
,	O
called	O
ARexx	O
(	O
short	O
for	O
"	O
Amiga	B-Device
Rexx	B-Language
"	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
a	O
script	B-Language
language	I-Language
which	O
allows	O
for	O
full	O
OS	O
scripting	B-Language
,	O
similar	O
to	O
AppleScript	B-Application
;	O
intra-application	O
scripting	B-Language
,	O
similar	O
to	O
VBA	B-Language
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Office	I-Application
;	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
inter-program	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Having	O
a	O
single	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
any	O
application	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
users	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
having	O
to	O
learn	O
a	O
new	O
language	O
for	O
each	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	B-Application
can	O
listen	O
on	O
an	O
"	O
ARexx	O
port	O
"	O
for	O
string	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4	I-Application
,	O
the	O
Python	B-Language
language	I-Language
is	O
included	O
with	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
John	O
C	B-Language
.	O
Dvorak	O
stated	O
in	O
1996	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
modular	B-Architecture
set	O
of	O
system	O
functions	O
through	O
dynamically-loaded	B-Library
shared	I-Library
libraries	I-Library
,	O
either	O
stored	O
as	O
a	O
file	O
on	O
disk	O
with	O
a	O
"	O
.library	O
"	O
filename	O
extension	O
,	O
or	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
Kickstart	B-Device
firmware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
library	B-Library
functions	I-Library
are	O
accessed	O
via	O
an	O
indirect	O
jump	O
table	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
negative	O
offset	O
to	O
the	O
library	O
base	O
pointer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
way	O
,	O
every	O
library	B-Library
function	I-Library
can	O
be	O
patched	O
or	O
hooked	O
at	O
run-time	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
library	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
core	O
library	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
is	O
the	O
exec.library	O
(	O
Exec	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
which	O
provides	O
an	O
interface	O
to	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
microkernel	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Device	B-Application
drivers	I-Application
are	O
also	O
libraries	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
implement	O
a	O
standardized	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
do	O
not	O
usually	O
call	O
devices	O
directly	O
as	O
libraries	O
,	O
but	O
use	O
the	O
exec.library	O
I/O	O
functions	O
to	O
indirectly	O
access	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
libraries	O
,	O
devices	O
are	O
either	O
files	O
on	O
disk	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
"	O
.device	O
"	O
extension	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
Kickstart	B-Device
ROM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
higher-level	O
part	O
of	O
device	O
and	O
resource	O
management	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
handlers	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
libraries	O
,	O
but	O
tasks	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
communicate	O
by	O
passing	O
messages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
type	O
of	O
handler	O
is	O
a	O
filesystem	B-Application
handler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
can	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
any	O
filesystem	B-Application
for	O
which	O
a	O
handler	O
has	O
been	O
written	O
,	O
a	O
possibility	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
exploited	O
by	O
programs	B-Application
like	O
CrossDOS	B-Application
and	O
by	O
a	O
few	O
"	O
alternative	O
"	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
to	O
the	O
standard	O
OFS	B-Application
and	O
FFS	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
allow	O
one	O
to	O
add	O
new	O
features	O
like	O
journaling	B-Application
or	O
file	O
privileges	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
standard	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Handlers	O
typically	O
expose	O
a	O
device	O
name	O
to	O
the	O
DOS	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
peripheral	O
(	O
if	O
any	O
)	O
associated	O
with	O
the	O
handler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
these	O
concepts	O
is	O
the	O
SPEAK	O
:	O
handler	O
which	O
could	O
have	O
text	O
redirected	O
to	O
spoken	O
speech	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
filesystem	B-Application
,	O
the	O
specifier	O
usually	O
consists	O
of	O
a	O
path	B-Application
to	O
a	O
file	O
in	O
the	O
filesystem	B-Application
;	O
for	O
other	O
handlers	O
,	O
specifiers	O
usually	O
set	O
characteristics	O
of	O
the	O
desired	O
input/output	O
channel	O
(	O
for	O
the	O
SER	O
:	O
serial	O
port	O
driver	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
specifier	O
will	O
contain	O
bit	O
rate	O
,	O
start	O
and	O
stop	O
bits	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Filesystems	B-Application
expose	O
drive	O
names	O
as	O
their	O
device	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Filesystems	B-Application
also	O
expose	O
volume	O
names	O
,	O
following	O
the	O
same	O
syntax	O
as	O
device	O
names	O
:	O
these	O
identify	O
the	O
specific	O
medium	O
in	O
the	O
file	O
system-managed	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
DF0	O
:	O
contains	O
a	O
disk	O
named	O
"	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
then	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
:	O
will	O
be	O
a	O
volume	O
name	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
access	O
files	O
in	O
DF0	O
:	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programs	B-Application
often	O
need	O
to	O
access	O
files	O
without	O
knowing	O
their	O
physical	O
location	O
(	O
either	O
the	O
drive	O
or	O
the	O
volume	O
)	O
:	O
they	O
only	O
know	O
the	O
"	O
logical	O
path	B-Application
"	O
of	O
the	O
file	O
,	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
solved	O
in	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
assigns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
assign	O
follows	O
,	O
again	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
syntax	O
as	O
a	O
device	O
name	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
already	O
points	O
to	O
a	O
directory	O
inside	O
the	O
filesystem	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
place	O
an	O
assign	O
points	O
to	O
can	O
be	O
changed	O
at	O
any	O
time	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
(	O
this	O
behavior	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
,	O
but	O
nevertheless	O
distinct	O
from	O
,	O
the	O
subst	O
command	O
in	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
,	O
for	O
example	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Standard	O
assigns	O
that	O
are	O
generally	O
present	O
in	O
an	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
system	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
C	B-Language
:	O
,	O
which	O
points	O
to	O
a	O
directory	O
containing	O
shell	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
boot	O
time	O
,	O
this	O
is	O
SYS:C	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
exists	O
,	O
otherwise	O
SYS	O
:	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
command	O
path	B-Application
defaults	O
to	O
C	B-Language
:	O
and	O
the	O
current	O
working	O
directory	O
,	O
so	O
putting	O
executables	O
in	O
C	B-Language
:	O
allows	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
simply	O
by	O
typing	O
their	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
L	O
:	O
,	O
which	O
points	O
to	O
a	O
directory	O
containing	O
AmigaDOS	B-Operating_System
handlers	O
and	O
filesystems	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
T	O
:	O
,	O
which	O
points	O
to	O
a	O
temporary	B-Application
folder	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
feature	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
4	I-Application
introduced	O
new	O
system	O
for	O
allocating	O
RAM	O
and	O
defragmenting	O
it	O
"	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
"	O
during	O
system	O
inactivities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
slab	B-General_Concept
allocation	I-General_Concept
method	I-General_Concept
and	O
there	O
is	O
also	O
present	O
a	O
memory	O
pager	O
that	O
arbitrates	O
paging	B-Architecture
memory	O
and	O
allows	O
the	O
swapping	O
of	O
large	O
portions	O
of	O
physical	O
RAM	O
on	O
mass	O
storage	O
devices	O
as	O
a	O
sort	O
of	O
virtual	B-Architecture
memory	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Co-operative	O
paging	B-Architecture
was	O
finally	O
implemented	O
in	O
AmigaOS	O
4.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
in	O
1985	O
there	O
have	O
been	O
four	O
major	O
versions	O
and	O
several	O
minor	O
revisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
until	O
release	O
3.1	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
Commodore	O
used	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
to	O
refer	O
to	O
the	O
entire	O
Amiga	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
consequence	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
was	O
commonly	O
used	O
to	O
refer	O
to	O
both	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
the	O
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
component	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
end	O
users	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
was	O
often	O
synonymous	O
with	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
version	O
3.5	O
the	O
OS	O
was	O
renamed	O
"	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
"	O
and	O
pre-3.5	O
versions	O
were	O
also	O
retroactively	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
"	O
(	O
rather	O
than	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Subsequently	O
,	O
"	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
"	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
native	O
graphical	B-Application
file	B-Application
manager	I-Application
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
its	O
inception	O
,	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
offered	O
a	O
highly	O
customizable	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
1000	I-Device
,	O
in	O
1985	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
1.x	O
versions	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
by	O
default	O
used	O
a	O
blue	O
and	O
orange	O
color	O
scheme	O
,	O
designed	O
to	O
give	O
high	O
contrast	O
on	O
even	O
the	O
worst	O
of	O
television	O
screens	O
(	O
the	O
colors	O
can	O
be	O
changed	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
1.1	O
consists	O
mostly	O
of	O
bug	O
fixes	O
and	O
,	O
like	O
version	O
1.0	O
,	O
was	O
distributed	O
for	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
1000	I-Device
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
could	O
customize	O
four	O
display	O
colors	O
and	O
choose	O
from	O
two	O
resolutions	O
:	O
or	O
(	O
interlaced	O
)	O
on	O
NTSC	O
,	O
or	O
or	O
on	O
PAL	B-Language
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
gauge	O
meter	O
showing	O
the	O
free	O
space	O
on	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
was	O
replaced	O
with	O
a	O
percentage	O
in	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
before	O
being	O
restored	O
in	O
3.5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
was	O
released	O
with	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
3000	I-Device
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Until	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
there	O
was	O
no	O
unified	O
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
design	O
standard	O
and	O
application	O
developers	O
had	O
to	O
write	O
their	O
own	O
widgets	O
(	O
both	O
buttons	O
and	O
menus	O
)	O
if	O
they	O
wished	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
already-meager	O
selection	O
of	O
standard	O
basic	O
widgets	O
provided	O
by	O
Intuition	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
gadtools.library	O
was	O
created	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
standard	O
widget	O
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
User	O
Interface	O
Style	O
Guide	O
,	O
was	O
published	O
which	O
explained	O
how	O
applications	O
should	O
be	O
laid	O
out	O
for	O
consistency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intuition	B-Application
was	O
improved	O
with	O
BOOPSI	B-Device
(	O
Basic	O
Object	B-Language
Oriented	I-Language
Programming	I-Language
System	O
for	O
Intuition	B-Application
)	O
which	O
enhanced	O
the	O
system	O
with	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
interface	O
to	O
define	O
a	O
system	O
of	O
classes	O
in	O
which	O
every	O
class	O
individuates	O
a	O
single	O
widget	O
or	O
describes	O
an	O
interface	O
event	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
program	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
interfaces	O
into	O
Amiga	B-Device
at	O
any	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
also	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
public	O
screens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
the	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
screen	O
being	O
the	O
only	O
shareable	O
screen	O
,	O
applications	O
could	O
create	O
their	O
own	O
named	O
screens	O
to	O
share	O
with	O
other	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
rectified	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
applications	O
hooking	O
directly	O
into	O
the	O
input-events	O
stream	O
to	O
capture	O
keyboard	O
and	O
mouse	O
movements	O
,	O
sometimes	O
locking	O
up	O
the	O
whole	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.0	O
provided	O
Commodities	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
interface	O
for	O
modifying	O
or	O
scanning	O
input	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.1	O
introduced	O
AmigaGuide	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
simple	O
text-only	O
hypertext	O
markup	O
scheme	O
and	O
browser	O
,	O
for	O
providing	O
online	O
help	O
inside	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
introduced	O
Installer	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
software	O
installation	O
program	O
,	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
LISP-like	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
AmigaOS	B-Application
2.1	O
introduced	O
multi-lingual	O
locale	O
support	O
through	O
locale.library	O
and	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
was	O
translated	O
to	O
different	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
3.0	O
was	O
originally	O
shipped	O
with	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
1200	O
and	O
Amiga	B-Device
4000	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Workbench	B-Operating_System
could	O
load	O
any	O
background	O
image	O
in	O
any	O
format	O
if	O
the	O
required	O
datatype	O
was	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
established	O
AmigaGuide	B-Operating_System
hypertext	O
system	O
gained	O
more	O
usability	O
by	O
using	O
document	O
links	O
pointing	O
to	O
media	O
files	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
pictures	O
or	O
sounds	O
,	O
all	O
recognized	O
by	O
the	O
datatypes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
six	O
years	O
after	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
following	O
Commodore	O
's	O
demise	O
,	O
Haage	O
&	O
Partner	O
were	O
granted	O
a	O
license	O
to	O
update	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
1999	O
as	O
a	O
software-only	O
update	O
for	O
existing	O
systems	O
,	O
that	O
ran	O
at	O
least	O
on	O
a	O
68(EC )	O
020	O
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
look	B-Application
and	I-Application
feel	I-Application
,	O
though	O
still	O
largely	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
earlier	O
3.1	O
release	O
was	O
revised	O
somewhat	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
improved	O
user	O
interface	O
based	O
on	O
ReAction	B-Library
,	O
improved	O
icon	O
rendering	O
and	O
official	O
support	O
for	O
true	O
color	O
backdrops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
releases	O
included	O
support	O
for	O
existing	O
third-party	O
GUI	B-Application
enhancements	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
NewIcons	B-Operating_System
,	O
by	O
integrating	O
these	O
patches	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
replaced	O
the	O
default	O
all-metal	O
gray	O
4/8	O
color	O
scheme	O
used	O
on	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
from	O
release	O
2.0	O
to	O
3.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
3.9	O
release	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
was	O
again	O
developed	O
by	O
Haage&Partner	O
and	O
released	O
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
improvements	O
were	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
a	O
program	O
start	O
bar	O
called	O
AmiDock	O
,	O
revised	O
user	O
interfaces	O
for	O
system	O
settings	O
and	O
improved	O
utility	O
programs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
released	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1.4	O
;	O
this	O
was	O
both	O
a	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
update	O
for	O
all	O
Amigas	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1.4.1	O
was	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
software	O
only	O
update	O
to	O
Amiga	B-Device
3.1.4	O
,	O
mainly	O
as	O
a	O
bug	O
fix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
many	O
fixes	O
,	O
modernizes	O
several	O
system	O
components	O
previously	O
upgraded	O
in	O
OS	O
3.9	O
,	O
introduces	O
support	O
of	O
larger	O
hard	O
drives	O
(	O
including	O
at	O
bootup	O
)	O
,	O
supports	O
the	O
entire	O
line	O
of	O
Motorola	B-Device
680x0	I-Device
CPUs	O
up	O
to	O
(	O
and	O
including	O
)	O
the	O
Motorola	O
68060	O
,	O
and	O
includes	O
a	O
modernized	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
with	O
a	O
new	O
,	O
optional	O
icon	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.5	O
/	O
3.9	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.1.4	O
still	O
supports	O
the	O
Motorola	B-Device
68000	I-Device
CPU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2021	O
,	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
released	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.2	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
all	O
features	O
of	O
the	O
previous	O
version	O
(	O
3.1.4.1	O
)	O
and	O
adds	O
several	O
new	O
improvements	O
such	O
as	O
support	O
for	O
ReAction	B-Library
GUI	I-Library
,	O
management	O
of	O
Amiga	B-Device
Disk	O
File	O
images	O
,	O
help	O
system	O
and	O
improved	O
datatypes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2021	O
,	O
an	O
update	O
was	O
released	O
named	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.2.1	O
,	O
with	O
bug	O
fixes	O
and	O
other	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
second	O
update	O
,	O
named	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
3.2.2	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
March	O
2023	O
with	O
more	O
improvements	O
and	O
bug	O
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
new	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
,	O
called	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4.0	O
has	O
been	O
rewritten	O
to	O
become	O
fully	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
on	O
Cyberstorm	O
PPC	O
,	O
as	O
making	O
it	O
independent	O
of	O
the	O
old	O
Amiga	B-Device
chipsets	O
was	O
nontrivial	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drag	O
and	O
drop	O
of	O
Workbench	B-Operating_System
icons	O
between	O
different	O
screens	O
is	O
possible	O
too	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
AmigaOS	O
4.0	O
were	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
Amidock	O
,	O
TrueType/OpenType	O
fonts	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
movie	O
player	O
with	O
DivX	B-Application
and	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
enhancements	O
were	O
a	O
new	O
icon	O
set	O
to	O
complement	O
higher	O
screen	O
resolutions	O
,	O
new	O
window	O
themes	O
including	O
drop	O
shadows	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
version	O
of	O
AmiDock	O
with	O
true	O
transparency	O
,	O
scalable	O
icons	O
and	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
with	O
auto-update	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2022	O
,	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
developer	O
Hyperion	B-Operating_System
Entertainment	I-Operating_System
released	O
an	O
SDK	O
for	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AROS	B-Application
Research	I-Application
Operating	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
AROS	B-Application
)	O
implements	O
the	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
API	B-Application
in	O
a	O
portable	O
open-source	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
binary-compatible	O
with	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
(	O
unless	O
running	O
on	O
68k	B-Device
)	O
,	O
users	O
have	O
reported	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
highly	O
source-code-compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MorphOS	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
native	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
which	O
also	O
runs	O
on	O
some	O
Amiga	B-Device
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
implements	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
API	B-Application
and	O
provides	O
binary	O
compatibility	O
with	O
"	O
OS-friendly	O
"	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
applications	O
(	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
those	O
applications	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
access	O
any	O
native	O
,	O
legacy	O
Amiga	B-Device
hardware	O
directly	O
just	O
as	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
4.x	O
unless	O
executed	O
on	O
real	O
Amiga	B-Device
models	O
)	O
.pOS	O
''	O
was	O
a	O
multiplatform	O
closed-source	B-Application
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
with	O
source	O
code-level	O
compatibility	O
with	O
existing	O
Amiga	B-Device
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BeOS	B-Application
features	O
also	O
a	O
centralized	O
datatype	O
structure	O
similar	O
to	O
MacOS	B-Application
Easy	O
Open	O
after	O
old	O
Amiga	B-Device
developers	O
requested	O
Be	O
to	O
adopt	O
Amiga	B-Device
datatype	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
standard	O
file	B-Application
descriptors	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AtheOS	B-Application
was	O
inspired	O
by	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
originally	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
clone	O
of	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Syllable	B-Application
is	O
a	O
fork	O
of	O
AtheOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
includes	O
some	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
-	O
and	O
BeOS-like	O
qualities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FriendUP	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
cloud	O
based	O
meta	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
many	O
former	O
Commodore	O
and	O
Amiga	B-Device
developers	O
and	O
employees	O
working	O
on	O
the	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
retains	O
several	O
AmigaOS-like	O
features	O
,	O
including	O
DOS	B-Operating_System
Drivers	O
,	O
mount	O
lists	O
,	O
a	O
TRIPOS	B-Operating_System
based	O
CLI	O
and	O
screen	O
dragging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
3DO	B-Device
Interactive	I-Device
Multiplayer	I-Device
bore	O
a	O
very	O
strong	O
resemblance	O
to	O
AmigaOS	B-Application
and	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
RJ	O
Mical	O
,	O
the	O
creator	O
of	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
Intuition	B-Application
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
