<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
or	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
Simple	I-General_Concept
Storage	I-General_Concept
Service	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
service	O
offered	O
by	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
AWS	B-Application
)	O
that	O
provides	O
object	B-Application
storage	I-Application
through	O
a	O
web	O
service	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
uses	O
the	O
same	O
scalable	B-Architecture
storage	O
infrastructure	O
that	O
Amazon.com	B-Application
uses	O
to	O
run	O
its	O
e-commerce	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
can	O
store	O
any	O
type	O
of	O
object	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
uses	O
like	O
storage	O
for	O
Internet	O
applications	O
,	O
backups	O
,	O
disaster	O
recovery	O
,	O
data	O
archives	O
,	O
data	B-General_Concept
lakes	I-General_Concept
for	O
analytics	O
,	O
and	O
hybrid	O
cloud	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AWS	B-Application
launched	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
on	O
March	O
14	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
then	O
in	O
Europe	O
in	O
November	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
manages	O
data	O
with	O
an	O
object	B-Application
storage	I-Application
architecture	O
which	O
aims	O
to	O
provide	O
scalability	B-Architecture
,	O
high	O
availability	O
,	O
and	O
low	O
latency	O
with	O
high	O
durability	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
storage	O
units	O
of	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
are	O
objects	O
which	O
are	O
organized	O
into	O
buckets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Buckets	O
can	O
be	O
managed	O
using	O
the	O
console	O
provided	O
by	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
,	O
programmatically	O
with	O
the	O
AWS	B-Application
SDK	B-Application
,	O
or	O
the	O
REST	B-Protocol
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Requests	O
are	O
authorized	O
using	O
an	O
access	O
control	O
list	O
associated	O
with	O
each	O
object	O
bucket	O
and	O
support	O
versioning	B-Application
which	O
is	O
disabled	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
replace	O
static	O
web-hosting	O
infrastructure	O
with	O
HTTP	O
client-accessible	O
objects	O
,	O
index	O
document	O
support	O
and	O
error	O
document	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amazon	B-Application
AWS	I-Application
authentication	O
mechanism	O
allows	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
authenticated	O
URLs	O
,	O
valid	O
for	O
a	O
specified	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Every	O
item	O
in	O
a	O
bucket	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
served	O
as	O
a	O
BitTorrent	B-Protocol
feed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
store	O
can	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
seed	O
host	O
for	O
a	O
torrent	B-Protocol
and	O
any	O
BitTorrent	B-Protocol
client	O
can	O
retrieve	O
the	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
bucket	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
save	O
HTTP	O
log	O
information	O
to	O
a	O
sibling	O
bucket	O
;	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
various	O
User	O
Mode	O
File	O
System	O
(	O
FUSE	B-Application
)	O
–	O
based	O
file	O
systems	O
for	O
Unix-like	O
operating	O
systems	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
)	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
mount	O
an	O
S3	O
bucket	O
as	O
a	O
file	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
semantics	O
of	O
the	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
file	O
system	O
are	O
not	O
that	O
of	O
a	O
POSIX	O
file	O
system	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
file	O
system	O
may	O
not	O
behave	O
entirely	O
as	O
expected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
offers	O
eight	O
different	O
storage	O
classes	O
with	O
different	O
levels	O
of	O
durability	B-General_Concept
,	O
availability	O
,	O
and	O
performance	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
Standard	O
is	O
the	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
Standard-Infrequent	O
Access	O
(	O
Standard-IA	O
)	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
less	O
frequently	O
accessed	O
data	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
backups	O
and	O
disaster	O
recovery	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
One	O
Zone-Infrequent	O
Access	O
(	O
One	O
Zone-IA	O
)	O
performs	O
like	O
the	O
Standard-IA	O
,	O
but	O
stores	O
data	O
only	O
in	O
one	O
availability	O
zone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
Intelligent-Tiering	O
moves	O
objects	O
automatically	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
cost-efficient	O
storage	O
class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
on	O
Outposts	O
brings	O
storage	O
to	O
installations	O
not	O
hosted	O
by	O
Amazon	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
Glacier	O
Instant	O
Retrieval	O
is	O
a	O
low-cost	O
storage	O
for	O
rarely	O
accessed	O
data	O
,	O
but	O
which	O
still	O
requires	O
rapid	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
Glacier	O
Flexible	O
Retrieval	O
is	O
also	O
a	O
low-cost	O
option	O
for	O
long-lived	O
data	O
;	O
it	O
offers	O
3	O
retrieval	O
speeds	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
minutes	O
to	O
hours	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
Glacier	O
Deep	O
Archive	O
is	O
another	O
low-cost	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
Glacier	O
storage	O
classes	O
above	O
are	O
distinct	O
from	O
Amazon	B-Application
Glacier	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
separate	O
product	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
APIs	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
uploading	O
,	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
allows	O
a	O
maximum	O
of	O
5GB	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
upload	O
operation	O
;	O
hence	O
,	O
objects	O
larger	O
than	O
5GB	O
must	O
be	O
uploaded	O
via	O
the	O
S3	O
multipart	O
upload	O
API	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Photo	O
hosting	O
service	O
SmugMug	B-Algorithm
has	O
used	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
since	O
April	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netflix	O
uses	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
as	O
their	O
system	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
record	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Netflix	O
implemented	O
a	O
tool	O
,	O
S3mper	O
,	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
limitations	O
of	O
eventual	B-General_Concept
consistency	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
S3mper	O
stores	O
the	O
filesystem	O
metadata	O
:	O
filenames	O
,	O
directory	O
structure	O
,	O
and	O
permissions	O
in	O
Amazon	B-Application
DynamoDB	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Reddit	B-Application
is	O
hosted	O
on	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bitcasa	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Tahoe-LAFS-on-S3	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
,	O
use	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
for	O
online	O
backup	O
and	O
synchronization	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Dropbox	O
stopped	O
using	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
services	O
and	O
developed	O
its	O
own	O
cloud	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tumblr	B-Application
,	O
Formspring	O
,	O
and	O
Pinterest	B-Application
host	O
images	O
on	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Swiftype	B-Application
's	O
CEO	O
has	O
mentioned	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
uses	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
broad	O
adoption	O
of	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
and	O
related	O
tooling	O
has	O
given	O
rise	O
to	O
competing	O
services	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
S3	O
API	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
These	O
services	O
use	O
the	O
standard	O
programming	B-Application
interface	I-Application
but	O
are	O
differentiated	O
by	O
their	O
underlying	O
technologies	O
and	O
business	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
introduced	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
in	O
2006	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
reported	O
it	O
stored	O
more	O
than	O
100	O
trillion	O
objects	O
,	O
up	O
from	O
10	O
billion	O
objects	O
in	O
October	O
2007	O
,	O
14	O
billion	O
objects	O
in	O
January	O
2008	O
,	O
29	O
billion	O
objects	O
in	O
October	O
2008	O
,	O
52	O
billion	O
objects	O
in	O
March	O
2009	O
,	O
64	O
billion	O
objects	O
in	O
August	O
2009	O
,	O
102	O
billion	O
objects	O
in	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
2	O
trillion	O
objects	O
in	O
April	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2017	O
AWS	B-Application
added	O
default	O
encryption	O
capabilities	O
at	O
bucket	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
