<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
is	O
a	O
managed	O
graph	B-Application
database	I-Application
product	O
published	O
by	O
Amazon.com	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
web	O
service	O
and	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
(	O
AWS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
supports	O
popular	O
graph	O
models	O
property	O
graph	O
and	O
W3C	O
's	O
RDF	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
respective	O
query	B-Language
languages	I-Language
Apache	B-Language
TinkerPop	I-Language
's	O
Gremlin	B-Language
,	O
openCypher	O
,	O
and	O
SPARQL	B-Language
,	O
including	O
other	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
general	O
availability	O
(	O
GA	O
)	O
was	O
announced	O
on	O
May	O
30	O
,	O
2018	O
and	O
is	O
currently	O
available	O
in	O
22	O
regions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
12	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
was	O
in-scope	O
for	O
Payment	O
Card	O
Industry	O
Data	O
Security	O
Standard	O
,	O
and	O
ISO	O
compliance	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
is	O
based	O
on	O
Blazegraph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
acquired	O
the	O
Blazegraph	O
developers	O
and	O
the	O
Blazegraph	O
open	O
source	O
development	O
was	O
essentially	O
stopped	O
in	O
April	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
supports	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
Apache	B-Language
TinkerPop	I-Language
Gremlin	B-Language
graph	O
traversal	O
language	O
,	O
openCypher	O
query	B-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
property	O
graphs	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
W3C	O
standard	O
Resource	O
Description	O
Framework	O
's	O
(	O
RDF	O
)	O
SPARQL	B-Language
query	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
three	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
same	O
Neptune	O
instance	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
build	O
queries	O
to	O
navigate	O
highly	O
connected	O
data	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
and	O
provides	O
high	O
performance	O
for	O
both	O
graph	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neptune	O
also	O
uses	O
other	O
AWS	B-Application
product	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
those	O
of	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
,	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
EC2	I-General_Concept
and	O
Amazon	B-Application
CloudWatch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
database	O
clusters	B-Application
are	O
created	O
and	O
stored	O
in	O
an	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
Virtual	I-General_Concept
Private	I-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
(	O
VPC	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
isolate	O
their	O
database	O
in	O
their	O
own	O
private	B-Protocol
network	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
Neptune	O
's	O
VPC	O
configuration	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
configure	O
firewall	B-Application
settings	O
to	O
their	O
needs	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
control	O
network	O
access	O
to	O
database	O
instances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
is	O
integrated	O
with	O
AWS	B-Application
Identity	O
and	O
Access	O
Management	O
(	O
IAM	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
create	O
AWS	B-Application
IAM	O
groups	O
and	O
control	O
the	O
actions	O
that	O
the	O
groups	O
and	O
other	O
AWS	B-Application
IAM	O
users	O
can	O
do	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neptune	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
encrypt	O
databases	O
using	O
keys	O
created	O
through	O
AWS	B-Application
Key	O
Management	O
Service	O
(	O
KMS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
database	O
instance	O
running	O
with	O
Neptune	O
Encryption	O
,	O
encrypts	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
stored	O
data	O
,	O
backups	B-Protocol
,	O
snapshots	B-Application
and	O
replicas	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
cluster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
use	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
to	O
encrypt	O
data	O
during	O
its	O
transfer	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
clients	O
or	O
Neptune	O
service	O
endpoints	O
using	O
Transport	B-Protocol
Layer	I-Protocol
Security	I-Protocol
(	O
TLS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
data	O
is	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
cluster	O
volume	O
,	O
a	O
virtual	O
volume	O
utilizing	O
SSD	B-Device
drives	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
SLA	O
policy	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
offer	O
a	O
monthly	O
uptime	O
percentage	O
greater	O
that	O
of	O
99.9	O
%	O
,	O
increasing	O
database	O
performance	O
and	O
availability	O
by	O
integrating	O
the	O
engine	O
with	O
a	O
virtual	O
storage	O
based	O
on	O
SSD	B-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
that	O
are	O
specially	O
made	O
for	O
database	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neptune	O
is	O
now	O
generally	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
East	O
(	O
N	O
.	O
Virginia	O
)	O
,	O
US	O
East	O
(	O
Ohio	O
)	O
,	O
US	O
West	O
(	O
Oregon	O
)	O
,	O
US	O
West	O
(	O
N	O
.	O
California	O
)	O
,	O
Canada	O
(	O
Central	O
)	O
,	O
AWS	B-Application
GovCloud	O
(	O
US-West	O
)	O
,	O
AWS	B-Application
GovCloud	O
(	O
US-East	O
)	O
,	O
Europe	O
(	O
Ireland	O
)	O
,	O
Europe	O
(	O
London	O
)	O
,	O
Europe	O
(	O
Frankfurt	O
)	O
,	O
Europe	O
(	O
Stockholm	O
)	O
,	O
Europe	O
(	O
Paris	O
)	O
,	O
South	O
America	O
(	O
São	O
Paulo	O
)	O
,	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
(	O
Singapore	O
)	O
,	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
(	O
Sydney	O
)	O
,	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
(	O
Tokyo	O
)	O
,	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
(	O
Mumbai	O
)	O
,	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
(	O
Seoul	O
)	O
,	O
Asia	O
Pacific	O
(	O
Hong	O
Kong	O
)	O
,	O
China	O
(	O
Ningxia	O
)	O
,	O
China	O
(	O
Beijing	O
)	O
,	O
Operated	O
by	O
NWCD	O
,	O
and	O
Middle-East	O
(	O
Bahrain	O
)	O
AWS	B-Application
regions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pricing	O
is	O
determined	O
by	O
AWS	B-Application
regions	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
region	O
having	O
different	O
prices	O
for	O
the	O
available	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
price	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
storage	O
rate	O
and	O
I/O	B-General_Concept
rate	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
billed	O
in	O
GB	O
per	O
month	O
and	O
per	O
million	O
request	O
increments	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
pricing	O
model	O
is	O
beneficial	O
to	O
short-term	O
and	O
small-scale	O
projects	O
and	O
is	O
available	O
in	O
all	O
AWS	B-Application
regions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
price	O
for	O
backup	B-Protocol
storage	I-Protocol
is	O
also	O
billed	O
in	O
per	O
GB-month	O
increments	O
albeit	O
at	O
different	O
rates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
Transfer	O
is	O
priced	O
in	O
per	O
GB	O
increments	O
,	O
the	O
amount	O
depends	O
on	O
whether	O
the	O
data	O
is	O
transferred	O
in	O
or	O
out	O
of	O
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
and	O
how	O
much	O
data	O
is	O
transferred	O
per	O
month	O
(	O
TB	O
per	O
Month	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
12	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Neptune	O
achieved	O
HIPAA	O
eligibility	O
enabling	O
it	O
to	O
process	O
data	B-General_Concept
sets	I-General_Concept
containing	O
protected	O
health	O
information	O
(	O
PHI	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
12	O
,	O
2018	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
announced	O
that	O
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
was	O
in-scope	O
for	O
Payment	O
Card	O
Industry	O
Data	O
Security	O
Standard	O
,	O
ISO	O
9001	O
,	O
ISO	O
27001	O
,	O
ISO	O
27017	O
,	O
and	O
ISO	O
27018	O
compliance	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user	O
can	O
use	O
Amazon	B-Application
Neptune	I-Application
in	O
applications	O
that	O
are	O
subject	O
to	O
PCI	O
compliance	O
or	O
require	O
ISO	O
certification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Neptune	O
powers	O
graph	O
use	O
cases	O
such	O
as	O
recommendation	B-Application
engines	I-Application
,	O
fraud	O
detection	O
,	O
knowledge	B-Application
graphs	I-Application
,	O
drug	O
discovery	O
,	O
network	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
