<s>
Akka	B-Language
is	O
a	O
source-available	B-License
toolkit	O
and	O
runtime	O
simplifying	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
concurrent	O
and	O
distributed	O
applications	O
on	O
the	O
JVM	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Akka	B-Language
supports	O
multiple	O
programming	O
models	O
for	O
concurrency	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
emphasizes	O
actor-based	B-Application
concurrency	I-Application
,	O
with	O
inspiration	O
drawn	O
from	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Language	O
bindings	O
exist	O
for	O
both	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
Scala	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Akka	B-Language
is	O
written	O
in	O
Scala	B-Application
and	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
Scala	B-Application
2.10	O
,	O
the	O
actors	O
in	O
the	O
Scala	B-Application
standard	O
library	O
are	O
deprecated	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Akka	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
actor	O
implementation	O
,	O
written	O
by	O
Philipp	O
Haller	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
July	O
2006	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Scala	B-Application
2.1.7	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2008	O
Scala	B-Application
was	O
attracting	O
attention	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
complex	O
server	O
applications	O
,	O
but	O
concurrency	O
was	O
still	O
typically	O
achieved	O
by	O
creating	O
threads	O
that	O
shared	O
memory	O
and	O
synchronized	O
when	O
necessary	O
using	O
locks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aware	O
of	O
the	O
difficulties	O
with	O
that	O
approach	O
and	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
programming	I-Operating_System
language	I-Operating_System
's	O
library	O
support	O
for	O
writing	O
highly	O
concurrent	O
,	O
event-driven	O
applications	O
,	O
the	O
Swedish	O
programmer	O
created	O
Akka	B-Language
to	O
bring	O
similar	O
capabilities	O
to	O
Scala	B-Application
and	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bonér	O
began	O
working	O
on	O
Akka	B-Language
in	O
early	O
2009	O
and	O
wrote	O
up	O
his	O
vision	O
for	O
it	O
in	O
June	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
public	O
release	O
was	O
Akka	B-Language
0.5	O
,	O
announced	O
in	O
January	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Akka	B-Language
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Lightbend	O
Platform	O
together	O
with	O
the	O
Play	B-Language
framework	I-Language
and	O
the	O
Scala	B-Application
programming	I-Application
language	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2022	O
,	O
Lightbend	O
announced	O
that	O
Akka	B-Language
would	O
change	O
its	O
license	O
from	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
license	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
2.0	I-Application
to	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
source-available	B-License
license	I-License
,	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Business	O
Source	O
License	O
(	O
BSL	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Any	O
new	O
code	O
under	O
the	O
BSL	O
would	O
become	O
available	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
after	O
three	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
points	O
distinguishing	O
applications	O
based	O
on	O
Akka	B-Language
actors	O
are	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Concurrency	O
is	O
message-based	O
and	O
asynchronous	O
:	O
typically	O
no	O
mutable	O
data	O
are	O
shared	O
and	O
no	O
synchronization	O
primitives	O
are	O
used	O
;	O
Akka	B-Language
implements	O
the	O
actor	B-Application
model	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
,	O
Akka	B-Language
enforces	O
parental	O
supervision	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
each	O
actor	O
is	O
created	O
and	O
supervised	O
by	O
its	O
parent	O
actor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Akka	B-Language
has	O
a	O
modular	O
structure	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
core	O
module	O
providing	O
actors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
modules	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
add	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
network	O
distribution	O
of	O
actors	O
,	O
cluster	B-Architecture
support	O
,	O
Command	O
and	O
Event	O
Sourcing	O
,	O
integration	O
with	O
various	O
third-party	O
systems	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Language
Camel	I-Language
,	O
ZeroMQ	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
support	O
for	O
other	O
concurrency	O
models	O
such	O
as	O
Futures	B-Operating_System
and	O
Agents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Viktor	O
Klang	O
became	O
the	O
technical	O
lead	O
for	O
the	O
Akka	B-Language
project	O
in	O
September	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
Viktor	O
became	O
Director	O
of	O
Engineering	O
at	O
Lightbend	O
in	O
December	O
2012	O
,	O
Roland	O
Kuhn	O
became	O
the	O
technical	O
lead	O
for	O
Akka	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
current	O
emphasis	O
is	O
on	O
extending	O
cluster	B-Architecture
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
frameworks	O
and	O
toolkits	O
have	O
emerged	O
to	O
form	O
an	O
ecosystem	O
around	O
Akka	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Scalatra	B-Language
web	O
framework	O
offers	O
integration	O
with	O
Akka	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apache	B-Application
Flink	I-Application
(	O
platform	O
for	O
distributed	O
stream	O
and	O
batch	O
data	O
processing	O
)	O
RPC	O
system	O
is	O
built	O
using	O
Akka	B-Language
but	O
isolated	O
since	O
v1.14	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Lagom	O
framework	O
for	O
building	O
reactive	O
microservices	O
is	O
implemented	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
Akka	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
more	O
than	O
250	O
public	O
projects	O
registered	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
which	O
use	O
Akka	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
books	O
about	O
Akka	B-Language
:	O
</s>
<s>
Akka	B-Language
also	O
features	O
in	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
many	O
web	O
articles	O
that	O
describe	O
the	O
commercial	O
use	O
of	O
Akka	B-Language
,	O
</s>
