<s>
Originally	O
implemented	O
only	O
in	O
Apple	O
's	O
software	O
and	O
devices	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
called	O
AirTunes	B-Operating_System
and	O
used	O
for	O
audio	O
only	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
has	O
since	O
licensed	O
the	O
AirPlay	O
protocol	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
as	O
a	O
third-party	B-General_Concept
software	I-General_Concept
component	I-General_Concept
technology	O
to	O
manufacturers	O
that	O
build	O
products	O
compatible	O
with	O
Apple	O
's	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
AirTunes	B-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
new	O
feature	O
of	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
4.6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
a	O
new	O
iteration	O
of	O
the	O
AirTunes	B-Operating_System
technology	O
,	O
now	O
called	O
AirPlay	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
4.2	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supported	O
audio	O
and	O
now	O
video	O
streaming	O
to	O
the	O
Apple	B-Device
TV	I-Device
,	O
and	O
later	O
added	O
screen-mirroring	O
and	O
eventually	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
3rd-party	O
AirPlay-compatible	O
speakers	O
and	O
AV	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
scheduled	O
for	O
release	O
along	O
with	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
11	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
third	O
quarter	O
of	O
2017	O
,	O
but	O
was	O
delayed	O
until	O
June	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compared	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
version	O
,	O
AirPlay	O
2	O
improves	O
buffering	O
;	O
adds	O
streaming	O
audio	O
to	O
stereo	O
speakers	O
;	O
allows	O
audio	O
to	O
be	O
sent	O
to	O
multiple	O
devices	O
in	O
different	O
rooms	O
;	O
and	O
control	O
by	O
Control	O
Center	O
,	O
the	O
Home	O
app	O
,	O
or	O
Siri	O
,	O
functionality	O
that	O
was	O
only	O
available	O
previously	O
using	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
under	O
macOS	B-Application
or	O
Windows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirPlay	O
sender	O
devices	O
include	O
computers	O
running	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
devices	I-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
iPhones	B-Device
,	O
iPods	B-Device
,	O
and	O
iPads	B-Operating_System
running	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
4.2	I-Operating_System
or	O
greater	O
,	O
and	O
devices	O
can	O
send	O
AirPlay	O
over	O
Wi-Fi	O
or	O
ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
supports	O
display	O
mirroring	O
via	O
AirPlay	O
on	O
systems	O
containing	O
2nd	O
generation	O
Intel	O
Core	O
processors	O
or	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
HTC	B-Application
released	O
the	O
"	B-Application
10	I-Application
"	I-Application
,	I-Application
also	I-Application
known	I-Application
as	I-Application
"	I-Application
One	I-Application
M10	I-Application
"	I-Application
,	O
an	O
Android	O
phone	O
with	O
Apple	O
AirPlay	O
streaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
4.3	I-Operating_System
,	O
third-party	O
apps	O
like	O
ApowerMirror	O
,	O
AirServer	O
,	O
and	O
Reflector	O
may	O
send	O
compatible	O
audio	O
and	O
video	O
streams	O
over	O
AirPlay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Remote	I-Operating_System
app	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
control	O
media	O
playback	O
and	O
select	O
AirPlay	O
streaming	O
receivers	O
for	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
running	O
on	O
a	O
Mac	O
or	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
macOS	B-Application
10.14	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
public	O
API	O
for	O
third-party	O
developers	O
to	O
integrate	O
AirPlay	O
2	O
into	O
their	O
macOS	B-Application
apps	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2019	O
,	O
a	O
third-party	O
developer	O
released	O
a	O
macOS	B-Application
app	O
that	O
can	O
stream	O
audio	O
using	O
AirPlay	O
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
app	O
includes	O
a	O
helper	O
tool	O
called	O
"	O
AirPlay	O
Enabler	O
"	O
that	O
uses	O
code	O
injection	O
to	O
bypass	O
restrictions	O
to	O
the	O
AirPlay	O
2	O
private	O
API	O
on	O
macOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirPlay	O
receiver	O
devices	O
include	O
Apple	B-Device
TV	I-Device
,	O
HomePod	B-Device
,	O
third-party	O
speakers	O
and	O
the	O
discontinued	O
AirPort	O
Express	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
a	O
combined	O
analog	O
and	O
optical	O
S/PDIF	O
audio	O
output	O
connector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
because	O
not	O
all	O
third-party	O
receivers	O
implement	O
Apple	O
's	O
DRM	O
encryption	O
,	O
some	O
media	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
Store	O
's	O
own	O
rights-protected	O
music	O
(	O
Apple	O
's	O
own	O
"	O
FairPlay	B-Operating_System
"	O
encryption	O
)	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
Netflix	O
,	O
cannot	O
stream	O
to	O
those	O
devices	O
or	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Apple	B-Device
TV	I-Device
,	O
starting	O
with	O
firmware	O
6.0	O
,	O
the	O
DRM	O
scheme	O
is	O
enforced	O
:	O
devices	O
without	O
it	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirPlay	O
wireless	O
technology	O
is	O
integrated	O
into	O
speaker	O
docks	O
,	O
AV	O
receivers	O
,	O
and	O
stereo	O
systems	O
from	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Naim	O
,	O
Bose	O
,	O
Yamaha	O
,	O
Philips	O
,	O
Marantz	O
,	O
Onkyo	O
,	O
Bowers	O
&	O
Wilkins	O
,	O
Pioneer	O
,	O
Sony	O
,	O
Sonos	B-Algorithm
,	O
McIntosh	O
,	O
Denon	O
,	O
and	O
Bang	O
&	O
Olufsen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
these	O
receivers	O
are	O
built	O
to	O
only	O
support	O
the	O
audio	O
component	O
of	O
AirPlay	O
,	O
much	O
like	O
AirTunes	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bluetooth	O
devices	O
(	O
headsets	O
,	O
speakers	O
)	O
that	O
support	O
the	O
A2DP	O
profile	O
also	O
appear	O
as	O
AirPlay	O
receivers	O
when	O
paired	O
with	O
an	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
device	I-Operating_System
,	O
although	O
Bluetooth	O
is	O
a	O
device-to-device	O
protocol	O
that	O
does	O
not	O
rely	O
on	O
a	O
wireless	O
network	O
access	O
point	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
WWDC	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
that	O
macOS	B-Device
Monterey	I-Device
would	O
include	O
AirPlay	O
receiver	O
compatibility	O
for	O
compatible	O
Macs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirPlay	O
and	O
AirTunes	B-Operating_System
work	O
over	O
a	O
local	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
,	O
through	O
either	O
Wi-Fi	O
or	O
Ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
devices	O
had	O
to	O
be	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
network	O
,	O
but	O
since	O
late	O
2017	O
devices	O
can	O
opt	O
to	O
use	O
Wi-Fi	O
Direct	O
allowing	O
devices	O
to	O
connect	O
without	O
a	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AirTunes	B-Operating_System
part	O
of	O
the	O
AirPlay	O
protocol	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
uses	O
UDP	B-Protocol
for	O
streaming	O
audio	O
and	O
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Real	B-Protocol
Time	I-Protocol
Streaming	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
streams	O
are	O
transcoded	O
using	O
the	O
Apple	B-Algorithm
Lossless	I-Algorithm
codec	I-Algorithm
with	O
44100Hz	O
and	O
2	O
channels	O
symmetrically	O
encrypted	O
with	O
AES	B-Algorithm
,	O
requiring	O
the	O
receiver	O
to	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
appropriate	O
key	O
to	O
decrypt	O
the	O
streams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AirPort	O
Express	O
 '	O
streaming	O
media	O
capabilities	O
use	O
Apple	O
's	O
Remote	B-Protocol
Audio	I-Protocol
Output	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
RAOP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
a	O
proprietary	O
variant	O
of	O
RTSP/RTP	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
WDS-bridging	O
,	O
the	O
AirPort	O
Express	O
can	O
allow	O
AirPlay	O
functionality	O
(	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Internet	O
access	O
,	O
file	B-Application
and	O
print	B-Application
sharing	I-Application
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
WWDC	O
2011	O
,	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
,	O
then	O
CEO	O
of	O
Apple	O
Inc.	O
,	O
announced	O
AirPlay	O
Mirroring	O
as	O
a	O
feature	O
in	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
5	I-Operating_System
where	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
stream	O
the	O
screen	O
from	O
an	O
iPad	B-Operating_System
2	I-Operating_System
to	O
an	O
HDTV	B-Device
wirelessly	O
and	O
securely	O
without	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AirPlay	O
is	O
a	O
different	O
technology	O
from	O
AirPlay	O
Mirroring	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
former	O
allows	O
specific	O
content	O
formats	O
to	O
be	O
streamed	O
while	O
the	O
latter	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
whole	O
screen	O
to	O
be	O
broadcast	O
from	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
iOS	B-Operating_System
devices	I-Operating_System
and	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
to	O
an	O
Apple	B-Device
TV	I-Device
(	O
2nd	O
Gen	O
or	O
later	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supported	O
hardware	O
(	O
when	O
using	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mountain	I-Operating_System
Lion	I-Operating_System
or	O
later	O
)	O
includes	O
any	O
2011	O
or	O
later	O
iMac	O
,	O
Mac	O
mini	O
,	O
MacBook	O
Air	O
,	O
MacBook	O
Pro	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
Mac	O
Pro	O
(	O
late	O
2013	O
or	O
newer	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
protocol	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
AirTunes	B-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
was	O
reverse-engineered	O
by	O
Jon	O
Lech	O
Johansen	O
in	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
of	O
this	O
key	O
means	O
that	O
third-party	B-General_Concept
software	I-General_Concept
and	O
devices	O
modified	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
key	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
decrypt	O
and	O
play	O
back	O
or	O
store	O
AirPlay	O
streams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
open-source	O
AirPlay	O
mirroring	O
server	O
(	O
receiver	O
)	O
known	O
as	O
RPiPlay	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
Raspberry	B-Operating_System
Pi	I-Operating_System
and	O
Desktop	O
Linux	O
operating	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
