<s>
They	O
were	O
:	O
Kent	O
Beck	O
(	O
Extreme	O
Programming	O
)	O
,	O
Ward	O
Cunningham	O
(	O
Extreme	O
Programming	O
)	O
,	O
Dave	O
Thomas	O
(	O
PragProg	O
,	O
Ruby	O
)	O
,	O
Jeff	O
Sutherland	O
(	O
Scrum	O
)	O
,	O
Ken	O
Schwaber	O
(	O
Scrum	O
)	O
,	O
Jim	O
Highsmith	O
(	O
Adaptive	O
Software	O
Development	O
)	O
,	O
Alistair	O
Cockburn	O
(	O
Crystal	O
)	O
,	O
Robert	O
C	O
.	O
Martin	O
(	O
SOLID	O
)	O
,	O
Mike	O
Beedle	O
(	O
Scrum	O
)	O
,	O
Arie	O
van	O
Bennekum	O
,	O
Martin	O
Fowler	O
(	O
OOAD	B-Application
and	O
UML	B-Language
)	O
,	O
James	O
Grenning	O
,	O
Andrew	O
Hunt	O
(	O
PragProg	O
,	O
Ruby	O
)	O
,	O
Ron	O
Jeffries	O
(	O
Extreme	O
Programming	O
)	O
,	O
Jon	O
Kern	O
,	O
Brian	O
Marick	O
(	O
Ruby	O
,	O
TDD	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Steve	O
Mellor	O
(	O
OOA	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Agile	O
Alliance	O
created	O
the	O
Guide	O
to	O
Agile	O
Practices	O
(	O
renamed	O
the	O
Agile	O
Glossary	O
in	O
2016	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
evolving	O
open-source	B-License
compendium	O
of	O
the	O
working	O
definitions	O
of	O
agile	O
practices	O
,	O
terms	O
,	O
and	O
elements	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
interpretations	O
and	O
experience	O
guidelines	O
from	O
the	O
worldwide	O
community	O
of	O
agile	O
practitioners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
iteration	O
involves	O
a	O
cross-functional	O
team	O
working	O
in	O
all	O
functions	O
:	O
planning	O
,	O
analysis	O
,	O
design	O
,	O
coding	B-General_Concept
,	O
unit	O
testing	O
,	O
and	O
acceptance	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
iteration	O
might	O
not	O
add	O
enough	O
functionality	O
to	O
warrant	O
a	O
market	O
release	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
goal	O
is	O
to	O
have	O
an	O
available	O
release	O
(	O
with	O
minimal	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
)	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
each	O
iteration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
face-to-face	O
interaction	O
,	O
ideally	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
a	O
whiteboard	O
,	O
that	O
reduces	O
the	O
cycle	O
time	O
typically	O
taken	O
when	O
questions	O
and	O
answers	O
are	O
mediated	O
through	O
phone	O
,	O
persistent	B-Protocol
chat	I-Protocol
,	O
wiki	O
,	O
or	O
email	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Predictive	O
teams	O
often	O
institute	O
a	O
change	B-General_Concept
control	I-General_Concept
board	I-General_Concept
to	O
ensure	O
they	O
consider	O
only	O
the	O
most	O
valuable	O
changes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
letter	O
to	O
IEEE	O
Computer	O
,	O
Steven	O
Rakitin	O
expressed	O
cynicism	O
about	O
agile	O
software	O
development	O
,	O
calling	O
it	O
"	O
yet	O
another	O
attempt	O
to	O
undermine	O
the	O
discipline	O
of	O
software	O
engineering	O
"	O
and	O
translating	O
"	O
working	O
software	O
over	O
comprehensive	O
documentation	O
"	O
as	O
"	O
we	O
want	O
to	O
spend	O
all	O
our	O
time	O
coding	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
support	O
activities	O
for	O
requirements	O
specification	O
and	O
development	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
FDD	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
some	O
seek	O
to	O
cover	O
the	O
full	O
development	O
life	O
cycle	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
DSDM	O
,	O
RUP	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Agile	O
software	O
development	O
is	O
supported	O
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
concrete	O
practices	O
,	O
covering	O
areas	O
like	O
requirements	O
,	O
design	O
,	O
modeling	O
,	O
coding	B-General_Concept
,	O
testing	O
,	O
planning	O
,	O
risk	O
management	O
,	O
process	O
,	O
quality	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generic	O
process	O
modeling	O
languages	O
such	O
as	O
Unified	B-Language
Modeling	I-Language
Language	I-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
tailor	O
software	O
development	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Agile	O
software	O
development	O
has	O
been	O
widely	O
seen	O
as	O
highly	O
suited	O
to	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
environments	O
,	O
including	O
small	O
teams	O
of	O
experts	O
working	O
on	O
greenfield	O
projects	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
challenges	O
and	O
limitations	O
encountered	O
in	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
agile	O
software	O
development	O
methods	O
in	O
a	O
large	O
organization	O
with	O
legacy	B-Device
infrastructure	I-Device
are	O
well-documented	O
and	O
understood	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Traceability	B-Device
:	O
Documentation	O
providing	O
auditable	O
evidence	O
of	O
regulatory	O
compliance	O
and	O
facilitating	O
traceability	B-Device
and	O
investigation	O
of	O
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Verification	B-Application
and	I-Application
validation	I-Application
(	O
V&V	O
)	O
:	O
Embedded	O
throughout	O
the	O
software	O
development	O
process	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
agile	O
software	O
development	O
,	O
stories	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
use	B-Architecture
case	I-Architecture
descriptions	O
)	O
are	O
typically	O
used	O
to	O
define	O
requirements	O
and	O
an	O
iteration	O
is	O
a	O
short	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
during	O
which	O
the	O
team	O
commits	O
to	O
specific	O
goals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Agile	O
software	O
development	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
extensively	O
used	O
for	O
development	O
of	O
software	O
products	O
and	O
some	O
of	O
them	O
use	O
certain	O
characteristics	O
of	O
software	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
object	B-Application
technologies	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Agile	O
software	O
development	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
non-development	O
IT	B-Application
infrastructure	I-Application
deployments	O
and	O
migrations	O
.	O
</s>
