<s>
Agent-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
(	O
AOP	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
programming	O
paradigm	O
where	O
the	O
construction	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
is	O
centered	O
on	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
software	B-General_Concept
agents	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
to	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
which	O
has	O
objects	O
(	O
providing	O
methods	O
with	O
variable	O
parameters	O
)	O
at	O
its	O
core	O
,	O
AOP	O
has	O
externally	O
specified	O
agents	O
(	O
with	O
interfaces	O
and	O
messaging	O
capabilities	O
)	O
at	O
its	O
core	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
agent-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
and	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
centering	O
software	O
around	O
the	O
concept	O
of	O
an	O
Agent	O
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Yoav	O
Shoham	O
within	O
his	O
Artificial	B-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
studies	O
in	O
1990	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
agent	O
...	O
programming	O
(	O
AOP	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
specialization	O
of	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
OOP	O
AOP	O
Basic	O
unit	O
object	O
agent	O
Parameters	O
defining	O
state	O
of	O
basic	O
unit	O
unconstrained	O
beliefs	O
,	O
commitments	O
,	O
capabilities	O
,	O
choices	O
,	O
Process	O
...	O
of	O
computation	O
message	B-Architecture
passing	I-Architecture
and	O
response	O
methods	O
message	B-Architecture
passing	I-Architecture
and	O
response	O
methods	O
Types	O
of	O
message	O
unconstrained	O
inform	O
,	O
request	O
,	O
offer	O
,	O
promise	O
,	O
decline	O
,	O
...	O
</s>
<s>
GOAL	B-Language
is	O
an	O
agent	O
programming	O
language	O
for	O
programming	O
cognitive	B-Protocol
agents	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
GOAL	B-Language
agents	O
derive	O
their	O
choice	O
of	O
action	O
from	O
their	O
beliefs	O
and	O
goals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
provides	O
the	O
basic	O
building	O
blocks	O
to	O
design	O
and	O
implement	O
cognitive	B-Protocol
agents	I-Protocol
by	O
programming	O
constructs	O
that	O
allow	O
and	O
facilitate	O
the	O
manipulation	O
of	O
an	O
agent	O
's	O
beliefs	O
and	O
goals	O
and	O
to	O
structure	O
its	O
decision-making	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SARL	B-Language
provides	O
the	O
fundamental	O
abstractions	O
for	O
coding	O
multiagent	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
way	O
to	O
implement	O
modular	O
or	O
extensible	O
AOP	O
support	O
is	O
to	O
define	O
standard	O
AOP	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
to	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
functions	O
that	O
are	O
themselves	O
implemented	O
as	O
software	B-General_Concept
agents	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
directory	O
service	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
FIPA	O
directory	O
facilitator	O
or	O
DF	O
software	B-General_Concept
agent	I-General_Concept
;	O
life-cycle	O
management	O
to	O
start	O
,	O
stop	O
,	O
suspend	O
and	O
resume	O
agents	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
FIPA	O
Agent	O
Management	O
Service	O
or	O
AMS	O
agent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
can	O
be	O
achieved	O
via	O
AOP	O
and	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
to	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
agents	O
that	O
can	O
flexibly	O
and	O
dynamically	O
manage	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
