<s>
The	O
Advanced	B-Operating_System
Message	I-Operating_System
Queuing	I-Operating_System
Protocol	I-Operating_System
(	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
application	B-Application
layer	I-Application
protocol	O
for	O
message-oriented	B-Application
middleware	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
defining	O
features	O
of	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
are	O
message	O
orientation	O
,	O
queuing	O
,	O
routing	B-Protocol
(	O
including	O
point-to-point	B-Architecture
and	O
publish-and-subscribe	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
reliability	O
and	O
security	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
mandates	O
the	O
behavior	O
of	O
the	O
messaging	O
provider	O
and	O
client	O
to	O
the	O
extent	O
that	O
implementations	O
from	O
different	O
vendors	O
are	O
interoperable	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
as	O
SMTP	B-Protocol
,	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
,	O
FTP	B-Protocol
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
standardizations	O
of	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
have	O
happened	O
at	O
the	O
API	O
level	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
JMS	B-Language
)	O
and	O
were	O
focused	O
on	O
standardizing	O
programmer	O
interaction	O
with	O
different	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
implementations	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
on	O
providing	O
interoperability	O
between	O
multiple	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
JMS	B-Language
,	O
which	O
defines	O
an	O
API	O
and	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
behaviors	O
that	O
a	O
messaging	O
implementation	O
must	O
provide	O
,	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
wire-level	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
wire-level	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
is	O
a	O
description	O
of	O
the	O
format	O
of	O
the	O
data	O
that	O
is	O
sent	O
across	O
the	O
network	O
as	O
a	O
stream	O
of	O
bytes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
binary	O
,	O
application	B-Application
layer	I-Application
protocol	O
,	O
designed	O
to	O
efficiently	O
support	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
messaging	O
applications	O
and	O
communication	O
patterns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
provides	O
flow	O
controlled	O
,	O
message-oriented	O
communication	O
with	O
message-delivery	O
guarantees	O
such	O
as	O
at-most-once	O
(	O
where	O
each	O
message	O
is	O
delivered	O
once	O
or	O
never	O
)	O
,	O
at-least-once	O
(	O
where	O
each	O
message	O
is	O
certain	O
to	O
be	O
delivered	O
,	O
but	O
may	O
do	O
so	O
multiple	O
times	O
)	O
and	O
exactly-once	O
(	O
where	O
the	O
message	O
will	O
always	O
certainly	O
arrive	O
and	O
do	O
so	O
only	O
once	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
authentication	O
and/or	O
encryption	O
based	O
on	O
SASL	O
and/or	O
TLS	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
assumes	O
an	O
underlying	O
reliable	O
transport	O
layer	O
protocol	O
such	O
as	O
Transmission	B-Protocol
Control	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
TCP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
specification	O
is	O
defined	O
in	O
several	O
layers	O
:	O
(	O
i	O
)	O
a	O
type	O
system	O
,	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
a	O
symmetric	O
,	O
asynchronous	O
protocol	O
for	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
messages	O
from	O
one	O
process	O
to	O
another	O
,	O
(	O
iii	O
)	O
a	O
standard	O
,	O
extensible	O
message	O
format	O
and	O
(	O
iv	O
)	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
standardised	O
but	O
extensible	O
'	O
messaging	O
capabilities.	O
'	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
was	O
originated	O
in	O
2003	O
by	O
John	O
O'Hara	O
at	O
JPMorgan	O
Chase	O
in	O
London	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
was	O
conceived	O
as	O
a	O
co-operative	O
open	O
effort	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
JPMorgan	O
Chase	O
partnered	O
with	O
Red	O
Hat	O
to	O
create	O
Apache	B-Application
Qpid	I-Application
,	O
initially	O
in	O
Java	O
and	O
soon	O
after	O
C++	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Independently	O
,	O
RabbitMQ	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
in	O
Erlang	B-Operating_System
by	O
Rabbit	O
Technologies	O
,	O
followed	O
later	O
by	O
the	O
Microsoft	O
and	O
StormMQ	O
implementations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
working	O
group	O
announced	O
its	O
reorganization	O
into	O
an	O
OASIS	O
member	O
section	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
by	O
the	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
working	O
group	O
on	O
30	O
October	O
2011	O
,	O
at	O
a	O
conference	O
in	O
New	O
York	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
day	O
,	O
on	O
1	O
November	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
an	O
OASIS	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
was	O
announced	O
to	O
advance	O
this	O
contributed	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
version	O
1.0	O
through	O
the	O
international	O
open	O
standards	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
second	O
draft	O
was	O
released	O
for	O
public	O
review	O
on	O
20	O
June	O
(	O
again	O
with	O
no	O
functional	O
changes	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
was	O
approved	O
as	O
an	O
OASIS	O
standard	O
on	O
31	O
October	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OASIS	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
was	O
approved	O
for	O
release	O
as	O
an	O
ISO	O
and	O
IEC	O
International	O
Standard	O
in	O
April	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
was	O
balloted	O
through	O
the	O
Joint	O
Technical	O
Committee	O
on	O
Information	O
Technology	O
(	O
JTC1	O
)	O
of	O
the	O
International	O
Standards	O
Organization	O
(	O
ISO	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
International	O
Electrotechnical	O
Commission	O
(	O
IEC	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
approved	O
OASIS	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
submission	O
has	O
been	O
given	O
the	O
designation	O
,	O
ISO/IEC	O
19464	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
versions	O
of	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
were	O
0-8	O
,	O
published	O
in	O
June	O
2006	O
,	O
0-9	O
,	O
published	O
in	O
December	O
2006	O
,	O
0-10	O
published	O
in	O
February	O
2008	O
and	O
0-9-1	O
,	O
published	O
in	O
November	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whilst	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
originated	O
in	O
the	O
financial	O
services	O
industry	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
general	O
applicability	O
to	O
a	O
broad	O
range	O
of	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
problems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
defines	O
a	O
self-describing	O
encoding	O
scheme	O
allowing	O
interoperable	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
commonly	O
used	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
the	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
frame	O
bodies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
unit	O
of	O
data	O
in	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
frame	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
nine	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
frame	O
bodies	O
defined	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
initiate	O
,	O
control	O
and	O
tear	O
down	O
the	O
transfer	O
of	O
messages	O
between	O
two	O
peers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
link	O
protocol	O
is	O
at	O
the	O
heart	O
of	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
defines	O
as	O
the	O
bare	O
message	O
,	O
that	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
message	O
that	O
is	O
created	O
by	O
the	O
sending	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
hashes	B-Algorithm
or	O
digests	B-Algorithm
)	O
remain	O
valid	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
application-specific	O
properties	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
extended	O
properties	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
body	O
,	O
which	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
refers	O
to	O
as	O
application	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Properties	O
are	O
specified	O
in	O
the	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
type	O
system	O
,	O
as	O
are	O
annotations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
option	O
is	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
type	O
system	O
to	O
send	O
structured	O
,	O
self-describing	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
specification	O
calls	O
such	O
nodes	O
distribution	O
nodes	O
and	O
codifies	O
some	O
common	O
behaviors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
simple	O
peer-to-peer	O
systems	O
,	O
defining	O
this	O
framework	O
for	O
messaging	O
capabilities	O
additionally	O
enables	O
interoperability	O
with	O
messaging	O
intermediaries	O
(	O
brokers	O
,	O
bridges	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
JORAM	O
,	O
a	O
Java	O
open-source	B-Application
implementation	O
from	O
the	O
OW2	B-Architecture
Consortium	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
protocol	O
version	O
1.0	O
is	O
the	O
current	O
specification	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
contains	O
less	O
explicit	O
routing	B-Protocol
than	O
previous	O
versions	O
because	O
core	O
functionality	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
be	O
rigorously	O
standardized	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AMQP	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
interoperability	O
has	O
been	O
more	O
extensively	O
tested	O
with	O
more	O
implementors	O
than	O
prior	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
website	O
contains	O
the	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
,	O
published	O
prior	O
to	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
1.0	O
(	O
see	O
History	O
above	O
)	O
and	O
significantly	O
different	O
from	O
it	O
,	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
are	O
the	O
known	O
open	O
protocol	O
specifications	O
that	O
cover	O
the	O
same	O
or	O
similar	O
space	O
as	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
Streaming	B-Application
Text	I-Application
Oriented	I-Application
Messaging	I-Application
Protocol	I-Application
(	O
STOMP	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
text-based	O
protocol	O
developed	O
at	O
Codehaus	O
;	O
uses	O
the	O
JMS-like	O
semantics	O
of	O
'	O
destination	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Extensible	B-Protocol
Messaging	I-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Presence	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
XMPP	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
the	O
Extensible	B-Protocol
Messaging	I-Protocol
and	I-Protocol
Presence	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
MQTT	B-Application
,	O
a	O
lightweight	O
publish-subscribe	B-Operating_System
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenWire	B-Application
as	O
used	O
by	O
ActiveMQ	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Java	B-Language
Message	I-Language
Service	I-Language
(	O
JMS	B-Language
)	O
,	O
is	O
often	O
compared	O
to	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
JMS	B-Language
is	O
an	O
API	O
specification	O
(	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
specification	O
)	O
that	O
defines	O
how	O
message	O
producers	O
and	O
consumers	O
are	O
implemented	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JMS	B-Language
does	O
not	O
guarantee	O
interoperability	O
between	O
implementations	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
JMS-compliant	O
messaging	B-Application
system	I-Application
in	O
use	O
may	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
deployed	O
on	O
both	O
client	O
and	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
wire-level	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
theory	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
provides	O
interoperability	O
as	O
different	O
AMQP-compliant	O
software	O
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
on	O
the	O
client	O
and	O
server	O
sides	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
,	O
like	O
HTTP	B-Protocol
and	O
XMPP	B-Protocol
,	O
AMQP	B-Operating_System
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
standard	O
API	O
.	O
</s>
