<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
instead	O
of	O
proprietary	B-Application
software	I-Application
can	O
give	O
institutions	O
better	O
control	O
over	O
information	O
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
public	O
institutions	O
have	O
started	O
a	O
transition	O
to	O
free-software	B-Application
solutions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
way	O
that	O
public	O
services	O
can	O
ensure	O
that	O
citizen	O
data	O
is	O
handled	O
in	O
a	O
trustworthy	O
manner	O
since	O
non-free	B-Application
software	I-Application
does	O
n't	O
allow	O
total	O
control	O
(	O
or	O
even	O
knowledge	O
)	O
over	O
the	O
employed	O
functions	O
of	O
the	O
needed	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
formulated	O
after	O
the	O
first-ever	O
free-software	B-Application
conference	O
in	O
India	O
,	O
"	O
Freedom	O
First	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
,	O
held	O
in	O
July	O
2001	O
in	O
Thiruvananthapuram	O
,	O
the	O
capital	O
of	O
Kerala	O
,	O
where	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
inaugurated	O
the	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Foundation	O
of	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kerala	O
's	O
Government	O
's	O
support	O
for	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
in	O
2001	O
is	O
perhaps	O
the	O
earliest	O
instance	O
of	O
a	O
Government	O
supporting	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
IT	O
@School	O
project	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Kerala	O
has	O
adopted	O
free	O
and	O
open	B-Application
sourced	I-Application
software	I-Application
for	O
the	O
schools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Government	O
of	O
Jordan	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
has	O
formed	O
a	O
partnership	O
with	O
Ingres	O
Corporation	O
,	O
a	O
leading	O
open-source	B-Application
database-management	O
company	O
based	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
that	O
is	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
,	O
to	O
promote	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
starting	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Malaysia	O
launched	O
the	O
"	O
Malaysian	O
Public	O
Sector	O
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
Software	I-Application
Program	O
"	O
,	O
saving	O
millions	O
on	O
proprietary-software	O
licences	O
till	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
National	O
Gendarmerie	O
announced	O
in	O
March	O
2009	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
totally	O
switch	O
to	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
by	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Gendarmerie	O
has	O
adopted	O
OpenOffice.org,	O
Firefox	O
and	O
Thunderbird	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
National	O
Assembly	O
of	O
France	O
has	O
had	O
plans	O
to	O
migrate	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
OpenOffice.org	B-Application
and	O
Firefox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
German	O
City	O
of	O
Munich	O
in	O
2003	O
announced	O
its	O
intention	O
to	O
switch	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
NT-based	O
operating	O
systems	O
to	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
implementation	O
of	O
SuSE	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
In	O
June	O
2004	O
after	O
a	O
pilot	O
project	O
run	O
by	O
SuSE	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
IBM	O
there	O
was	O
a	O
final	O
approval	O
for	O
the	O
migration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
14	O
April	O
2005	O
the	O
city	O
decided	O
to	O
migrate	O
to	O
Debian	O
from	O
a	O
commercial	O
Linux	B-Application
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Schwäbisch	O
Hall	O
migrated	O
its	O
400	O
workstations	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
in	O
late	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Portuguese	O
Vieira	O
do	O
Minho	O
Municipality	O
began	O
switching	O
to	O
free	O
and	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IOSSPL	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-Application
and	I-Application
open	I-Application
source	I-Application
software	I-Application
used	O
for	O
public	O
libraries	O
in	O
Romania	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
White	B-Application
House	I-Application
moved	O
its	O
website	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
servers	O
using	O
Drupal	B-Application
for	O
content	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
policy	O
mandates	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
20%	O
of	O
custom	O
source	O
code	O
developed	O
by	O
or	O
for	O
any	O
agency	O
of	O
the	O
federal	O
government	O
must	O
be	O
released	O
as	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
(	O
OSS	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
,	O
it	O
came	O
with	O
Huayra	O
GNU/Linux	B-Application
,	O
a	O
free	O
and	O
open-source	B-Application
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Argentinian	O
technology	O
ministry	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
Debian	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
MATE	B-Language
Desktop	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
government	O
of	O
Brazil	O
migrated	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
to	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
Brazilian	O
government	O
also	O
encouraged	O
the	O
distribution	O
of	O
cheap	O
computers	O
running	O
Linux	B-Application
throughout	O
its	O
poorer	O
communities	O
by	O
subsidizing	O
their	O
purchase	O
with	O
tax	O
breaks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2008	O
,	O
Ecuador	O
passed	O
a	O
similar	O
law	O
,	O
Decree	O
1014	O
,	O
designed	O
to	O
migrate	O
the	O
public	O
sector	O
to	O
Libre	B-Application
Software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
