<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
(	O
formerly	O
Macromedia	O
Flash	O
and	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
a	O
multimedia	O
software	B-Device
platform	I-Device
used	O
for	O
production	O
of	O
animations	B-Operating_System
,	O
rich	B-Application
web	I-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
desktop	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
,	O
mobile	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
and	O
embedded	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
video	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
displays	O
text	O
,	O
vector	O
graphics	O
,	O
and	O
raster	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
to	O
provide	O
animations	B-Operating_System
,	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
streaming	O
of	O
audio	B-Operating_System
and	I-Operating_System
video	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
can	O
capture	O
mouse	O
,	O
keyboard	O
,	O
microphone	O
,	O
and	O
camera	O
input	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Artists	O
may	O
produce	O
Flash	O
graphics	O
and	O
animations	B-Operating_System
using	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Professional	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	B-Application
developers	I-Application
may	O
produce	O
applications	O
and	O
video	O
games	O
using	O
Adobe	B-Application
Flash	I-Application
Builder	I-Application
,	O
FlashDevelop	O
,	O
Flash	B-Application
Catalyst	I-Application
,	O
or	O
any	O
text	O
editor	O
combined	O
with	O
the	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
SDK	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
End	O
users	O
view	O
Flash	O
content	O
via	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
(	O
for	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
)	O
,	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
(	O
for	O
desktop	O
or	O
mobile	B-Application
apps	I-Application
)	O
,	O
or	O
third-party	O
players	O
such	O
as	O
Scaleform	B-Application
(	O
for	O
video	O
games	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
(	O
which	O
is	O
available	O
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
)	O
enables	O
end	O
users	O
to	O
view	O
Flash	O
content	O
using	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
enabled	O
viewing	O
Flash	O
content	O
on	O
older	O
smartphones	B-Application
,	O
but	O
since	O
has	O
been	O
discontinued	O
and	O
superseded	O
by	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
programming	O
language	O
allows	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
interactive	O
animations	B-Operating_System
,	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
desktop	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
and	O
mobile	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Programmers	B-Application
can	O
implement	O
Flash	O
software	O
using	O
an	O
IDE	O
such	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
,	O
Adobe	B-Application
Flash	I-Application
Builder	I-Application
,	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Director	I-Operating_System
,	O
FlashDevelop	O
,	O
and	O
Powerflasher	B-Application
FDT	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
enables	O
full-featured	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	B-Application
applications	I-Application
to	O
be	O
developed	O
with	O
Flash	O
and	O
published	O
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
,	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
,	O
Wii	B-Device
U	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Nintendo	B-Application
Switch	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
was	O
initially	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
fully-interactive	O
websites	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
approach	O
was	O
phased	O
out	O
with	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
HTML5	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
,	O
Flash	O
found	O
a	O
niche	O
as	O
the	O
dominant	O
platform	O
for	O
online	O
multimedia	O
content	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
browser	B-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
an	O
open	O
letter	O
written	O
by	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
in	O
2010	O
stating	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
not	O
approve	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Flash	O
on	O
Apple	B-Application
's	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
due	O
to	O
numerous	O
security	O
flaws	O
,	O
use	O
of	O
Flash	O
declined	O
as	O
Adobe	O
transitioned	O
to	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Air	I-Operating_System
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
was	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
in	O
2017	O
and	O
officially	O
discontinued	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2020	O
for	O
all	O
users	O
outside	O
China	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
non-enterprise	O
users	O
,	O
with	O
many	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
and	O
operating	O
systems	O
scheduled	O
to	O
remove	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
software	O
around	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
continues	O
to	O
develop	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
supports	O
web	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
HTML5	B-Application
instead	O
of	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
format	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
early	O
2000s	O
,	O
Flash	O
was	O
widely	O
installed	O
on	O
desktop	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
and	O
was	O
often	O
used	O
to	O
display	O
interactive	O
web	O
pages	O
and	O
online	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
and	O
to	O
play	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2005	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
was	O
founded	O
by	O
former	O
PayPal	O
employees	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
used	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
display	O
compressed	O
video	O
content	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Adobe	O
introduced	O
hardware-accelerated	O
3D	O
for	O
Flash	O
(	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
websites	I-Operating_System
saw	O
a	O
growth	O
of	O
3D	O
content	O
for	O
product	O
demonstrations	O
and	O
virtual	O
tours	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
offered	O
videos	O
in	O
HTML5	B-Application
format	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
and	O
iPad	B-Device
,	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
support	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
controversy	O
with	O
Apple	B-Application
,	O
Adobe	O
stopped	O
developing	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
for	O
Mobile	O
,	O
focusing	O
its	O
efforts	O
on	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
applications	O
and	O
HTML5	B-Application
animation	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
introduced	O
Google	B-Operating_System
Swiffy	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
tool	O
that	O
converted	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
animation	I-Operating_System
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
,	O
which	O
Google	B-Application
used	O
to	O
automatically	O
convert	O
Flash	O
web	O
ads	O
for	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
discontinued	O
Swiffy	B-Operating_System
and	O
its	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
switched	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
technology	O
on	O
most	O
devices	O
by	O
default	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
supported	O
the	O
Flash-based	O
video	O
player	O
for	O
older	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
and	O
devices	O
until	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Flash	O
5	O
introduced	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
in	O
2000	O
,	O
developers	B-Application
combined	O
the	O
visual	O
and	O
programming	O
capabilities	O
of	O
Flash	O
to	O
produce	O
interactive	O
experiences	O
and	O
applications	O
for	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
Web-based	B-Application
applications	I-Application
eventually	O
became	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Rich	B-Application
Internet	I-Application
Applications	I-Application
"	O
and	O
later	O
"	O
Rich	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Applications	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
Macromedia	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
was	O
released	O
,	O
and	O
specifically	O
targeted	O
the	O
application	O
development	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
introduced	O
new	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
components	O
,	O
advanced	O
data	B-Application
visualization	I-Application
components	O
,	O
data	O
remoting	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
modern	O
IDE	O
(	O
Flash	B-Application
Builder	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
competed	O
with	O
Asynchronous	B-General_Concept
JavaScript	I-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
XML	I-General_Concept
(	O
AJAX	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Silverlight	I-Application
during	O
its	O
tenure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
was	O
upgraded	O
to	O
support	O
integration	O
with	O
remote	O
data	O
sources	O
,	O
using	O
AMF	B-Protocol
,	O
BlazeDS	B-Application
,	O
Adobe	B-Application
LiveCycle	I-Application
,	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
Elastic	I-General_Concept
Compute	I-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
2006	O
and	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Speedtest.net	B-Application
web	O
service	O
conducted	O
over	O
9.0	O
billion	O
speed	O
tests	O
with	O
a	O
utility	O
built	O
with	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
service	O
shifted	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
due	O
to	O
the	O
decreasing	O
availability	O
of	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
on	O
PCs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	B-Application
could	O
create	O
Flash	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
rich	B-Application
web	I-Application
applications	I-Application
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
programming	O
language	O
with	O
IDEs	B-Application
,	O
including	O
Adobe	B-Application
Flash	I-Application
Builder	I-Application
,	O
FlashDevelop	O
and	O
Powerflasher	B-Application
FDT	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
applications	O
were	O
typically	O
built	O
using	O
Flex	B-Operating_System
frameworks	I-Operating_System
such	O
as	O
PureMVC	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Protocol
video	I-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
were	O
popular	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
,	O
with	O
portals	O
like	O
Newgrounds	B-Operating_System
,	O
Kongregate	O
,	O
and	O
Armor	O
Games	O
dedicated	O
to	O
hosting	O
Flash-based	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
Flash	B-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
were	O
developed	O
by	O
individuals	O
or	O
groups	O
of	O
friends	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
simplicity	O
of	O
the	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Popular	O
Flash	B-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
include	O
Farmville	B-Application
,	O
Alien	B-Operating_System
Hominid	I-Operating_System
,	O
QWOP	B-Application
and	O
Club	B-Application
Penguin	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
introduced	O
various	O
technologies	O
to	O
help	O
build	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
including	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
(	O
to	O
release	O
games	O
for	O
desktop	O
or	O
mobile	B-Application
platforms	I-Application
)	O
,	O
Adobe	B-Language
Scout	I-Language
(	O
to	O
improve	O
performance	O
)	O
,	O
CrossBridge	B-Language
(	O
to	O
convert	O
C++	B-Language
-based	O
games	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
Flash	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
(	O
to	O
support	O
GPU-accelerated	O
video	O
games	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
3D	O
frameworks	O
like	O
Away3D	B-Application
and	O
Flare3D	B-Operating_System
simplified	O
creation	O
of	O
3D	O
content	O
for	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
allows	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
Flash-based	O
mobile	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
which	O
may	O
be	O
published	O
to	O
the	B-Application
Google	I-Application
Play	O
and	O
Apple	B-Application
app	I-Application
stores	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
interfaces	O
and	O
HUDs	O
for	O
3D	O
video	O
games	O
using	O
Scaleform	B-Application
GFx	I-Application
,	O
a	O
technology	O
that	O
renders	O
Flash	O
content	O
within	O
non-Flash	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scaleform	B-Application
is	O
supported	O
by	O
more	O
than	O
10	O
major	O
video	O
game	O
engines	O
including	O
Unreal	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
and	I-Operating_System
UDK	I-Operating_System
,	O
CryEngine	B-Application
,	O
and	O
PhyreEngine	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
3D	O
interfaces	O
for	O
more	O
than	O
150	O
major	O
video	O
game	O
titles	O
since	O
its	O
launch	O
in	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
users	O
of	O
Flash	O
include	O
DHX	O
Media	O
Vancouver	O
for	O
productions	O
including	O
Pound	O
Puppies	O
,	O
Littlest	O
Pet	O
Shop	O
and	O
My	B-Application
Little	I-Application
Pony	I-Application
:	I-Application
Friendship	I-Application
Is	I-Application
Magic	I-Application
,	O
Fresh	O
TV	O
for	O
Total	O
Drama	O
,	O
Nelvana	O
for	O
6teen	O
and	O
Clone	O
High	O
,	O
Williams	O
Street	O
for	O
Metalocalypse	O
and	O
Squidbillies	O
,	O
Nickelodeon	O
Animation	B-Operating_System
Studio	O
for	O
El	B-Device
Tigre	I-Device
:	I-Device
The	I-Device
Adventures	I-Device
of	I-Device
Manny	I-Device
Rivera	I-Device
,	O
Starz	O
Media	O
for	O
Wow	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
SmartSketch	O
was	O
a	O
vector	O
drawing	O
application	O
for	O
pen	O
computers	O
running	O
the	O
PenPoint	B-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
PenPoint	B-Application
failed	O
in	O
the	O
marketplace	O
,	O
SmartSketch	O
was	O
ported	B-Architecture
to	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
Internet	O
became	O
more	O
popular	O
,	O
FutureWave	O
realized	O
the	O
potential	O
for	O
a	O
vector-based	O
web	O
animation	B-Operating_System
tool	O
that	O
might	O
challenge	O
Macromedia	B-Operating_System
Shockwave	I-Operating_System
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
,	O
FutureWave	O
modified	O
SmartSketch	O
by	O
adding	O
frame-by-frame	O
animation	B-Operating_System
features	O
and	O
released	O
this	O
new	O
product	O
as	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
Animator	I-Operating_System
on	O
Macintosh	O
and	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FutureWave	O
approached	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
with	O
an	O
offer	O
to	O
sell	O
them	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
in	O
1995	O
,	O
but	O
Adobe	O
turned	O
down	O
the	O
offer	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	O
wanted	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
"	O
online	O
TV	O
network	O
"	O
(	O
MSN	O
2.0	O
)	O
and	O
adopted	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
animated	O
content	O
as	O
a	O
central	O
part	O
of	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disney	O
Online	O
used	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
animations	I-Operating_System
for	O
their	O
subscription-based	O
service	O
Disney	O
's	O
Daily	O
Blast	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fox	O
Broadcasting	O
Company	O
launched	O
The	B-Application
Simpsons	I-Application
using	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
1996	O
,	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Macromedia	O
,	O
and	O
Macromedia	O
re-branded	O
and	O
released	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
Animator	I-Operating_System
as	O
Macromedia	O
Flash	O
1.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
was	O
a	O
two-part	O
system	O
,	O
a	O
graphics	O
and	O
animation	B-Operating_System
editor	O
known	O
as	O
Macromedia	O
Flash	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
player	O
known	O
as	O
Macromedia	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
Animator	I-Operating_System
was	O
an	O
animation	B-Operating_System
tool	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
pen-based	O
computing	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
small	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
FutureSplash	B-Operating_System
Viewer	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
particularly	O
suited	O
for	O
download	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macromedia	O
distributed	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
free	O
browser	B-Application
plugin	B-Application
in	O
order	O
to	O
quickly	O
gain	O
market	O
share	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2005	O
,	O
more	O
computers	O
worldwide	O
had	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
installed	O
than	O
any	O
other	O
Web	O
media	O
format	O
,	O
including	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
QuickTime	B-Application
,	O
RealNetworks	O
,	O
and	O
Windows	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Player	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macromedia	O
upgraded	O
the	O
Flash	O
system	O
between	O
1996	O
and	O
1999	O
adding	O
MovieClips	O
,	O
Actions	O
(	O
the	O
precursor	O
to	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
Alpha	O
transparency	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
Flash	O
matured	O
,	O
Macromedia	O
's	O
focus	O
shifted	O
from	O
marketing	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
graphics	O
and	O
media	O
tool	O
to	O
promoting	O
it	O
as	O
a	O
Web	B-Application
application	I-Application
platform	O
,	O
adding	O
scripting	O
and	O
data	O
access	O
capabilities	O
to	O
the	O
player	O
while	O
attempting	O
to	O
retain	O
its	O
small	O
footprint	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2000	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
major	O
version	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
was	O
developed	O
,	O
and	O
released	O
with	O
Flash	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Actionscript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
was	O
released	O
with	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
MX	I-Operating_System
2004	O
and	O
supported	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
,	O
improved	O
UI	O
components	O
and	O
other	O
programming	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
version	O
of	O
Flash	O
released	O
by	O
Macromedia	O
was	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
focused	O
on	O
graphical	O
upgrades	O
such	O
as	O
filters	O
(	O
blur	O
,	O
drop	O
shadow	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
blend	O
modes	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Photoshop	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
and	O
advanced	O
features	O
for	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
video	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
3	O
,	O
2005	O
,	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
acquired	O
Macromedia	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
entire	O
Macromedia	O
product	O
line	O
including	O
Flash	O
,	O
Dreamweaver	B-Language
,	O
Director/Shockwave	O
,	O
Fireworks	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Authorware	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2007	O
,	O
Adobe	O
's	O
first	O
version	O
release	O
was	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
CS3	O
Professional	O
,	O
the	O
ninth	O
major	O
version	O
of	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
introduced	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
programming	O
language	O
,	O
which	O
supported	O
modern	O
programming	O
practices	O
and	O
enabled	O
business	O
applications	O
to	O
be	O
developed	O
with	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Application
Flex	I-Application
Builder	I-Application
(	O
built	O
on	O
Eclipse	B-Application
)	O
targeted	O
the	O
enterprise	B-Application
application	I-Application
development	O
market	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
released	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	B-Application
Builder	I-Application
included	O
the	O
Flex	B-Operating_System
SDK	I-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
components	O
that	O
included	O
charting	O
,	O
advanced	O
UI	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
services	O
(	O
Flex	O
Data	O
Services	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Adobe	O
released	O
the	O
tenth	O
version	O
of	O
Flash	O
,	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
CS4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
improved	O
animation	B-Operating_System
capabilities	O
within	O
the	O
Flash	O
editor	O
,	O
adding	O
a	O
motion	O
editor	O
panel	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
After	I-Operating_System
Effects	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
inverse	B-General_Concept
kinematics	I-General_Concept
(	O
bones	O
)	O
,	O
basic	O
3D	O
object	O
animation	B-Operating_System
,	O
object-based	O
animation	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
other	O
text	O
and	O
graphics	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
10	O
included	O
an	O
in-built	O
3D	O
engine	O
(	O
without	O
GPU	B-Architecture
acceleration	O
)	O
that	O
allowed	O
basic	O
object	O
transformations	O
in	O
3D	O
space	O
(	O
position	O
,	O
rotation	O
,	O
scaling	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2008	O
,	O
Adobe	O
released	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Integrated	I-Operating_System
Runtime	I-Operating_System
(	O
later	O
re-branded	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
a	O
runtime	B-Device
engine	I-Device
that	O
replaced	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
provided	O
additional	O
capabilities	O
to	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
language	O
to	O
build	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	B-Application
applications	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
AIR	O
,	O
developers	B-Application
could	O
access	O
the	O
file	O
system	O
(	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
files	O
and	O
folders	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
connected	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
joystick	O
,	O
gamepad	O
,	O
and	O
sensors	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
it	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
,	O
allowing	O
GPU-accelerated	O
3D	O
rendering	O
for	O
Flash	O
applications	O
and	O
games	O
on	O
desktop	O
platforms	B-Device
such	O
as	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
and	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
.	O
Adobe	O
further	O
improved	O
3D	O
capabilities	O
from	O
2011	O
to	O
2013	O
,	O
adding	O
support	O
for	O
3D	O
rendering	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
platforms	B-Device
,	O
alpha-channels	O
,	O
compressed	O
textures	O
,	O
texture	O
atlases	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
was	O
upgraded	O
to	O
support	O
64-bit	O
computers	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
allow	O
developers	B-Application
to	O
add	O
additional	O
functionality	O
to	O
the	O
AIR	O
runtime	O
using	O
AIR	O
Native	O
Extensions	O
(	O
ANE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2014	O
,	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
that	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
was	O
used	O
in	O
over	O
100,000	O
unique	O
applications	O
and	O
had	O
over	O
1	O
billion	O
installations	O
logged	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
was	O
voted	O
the	O
Best	O
Mobile	B-Application
Application	I-Application
Development	O
product	O
at	O
the	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Show	O
on	O
two	O
consecutive	O
years	O
(	O
CES	O
2014	O
and	O
CES	O
2015	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Adobe	O
renamed	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Professional	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
primary	O
authoring	O
software	O
for	O
Flash	O
content	O
,	O
to	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
to	O
reflect	O
its	O
growing	O
use	O
for	O
authoring	O
HTML5	B-Application
content	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
Flash	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
2	I-Language
(	O
AVM2	B-Language
)	O
which	O
implements	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
was	O
donated	O
as	O
open-source	B-Application
to	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
Foundation	I-Operating_System
,	O
to	O
begin	O
work	O
on	O
the	O
Tamarin	B-Language
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
that	O
would	O
implement	O
the	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
4	O
language	O
standard	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
under	O
the	O
terms	O
of	O
a	O
MPL/GPL/LGPL	O
tri-license	B-License
and	O
includes	O
the	O
specification	O
for	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
bytecode	O
format	O
;	O
Tamarin	B-Language
Project	I-Language
jointly	O
managed	O
by	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
and	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
It	O
is	O
now	O
considered	O
obsolete	O
by	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
Framework	I-Operating_System
was	O
donated	O
as	O
open-source	B-Application
to	O
the	O
Apache	O
Software	O
Foundation	O
and	O
rebranded	O
as	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
saw	O
this	O
move	O
as	O
Adobe	O
abandoning	O
Flex	O
,	O
and	O
stepping	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Platform	I-Operating_System
as	O
a	O
whole	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sources	O
from	O
Apache	O
say	O
that	O
"	O
Enterprise	B-Application
application	I-Application
development	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
focus	O
at	O
Adobe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
donated	O
source	O
code	O
included	O
a	O
partly	O
developed	O
AS3	O
compiler	O
(	O
dubbed	O
"	O
Falcon	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
BlazeDS	B-Application
set	O
of	O
technologies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
CrossBridge	B-Language
C++	B-Language
cross-compilation	B-Application
toolset	O
was	O
open	O
sourced	O
by	O
Adobe	O
and	O
released	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
was	O
formerly	O
termed	O
"	O
Alchemy	B-Language
"	O
and	O
"	O
Flash	O
Runtime	O
C++	B-Language
Compiler	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
targeted	O
the	O
game	O
development	O
market	O
to	O
enable	O
C++	B-Language
video	O
games	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
has	O
not	O
been	O
willing	O
to	O
make	O
complete	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
available	O
for	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
development	I-Application
and	O
even	O
though	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
alternatives	O
such	O
as	O
Shumway	B-Operating_System
and	O
Gnash	B-Language
have	O
been	O
built	O
,	O
they	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
under	O
active	O
development	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
1	O
,	O
2008	O
,	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
the	O
Open	O
Screen	O
Project	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
intent	O
of	O
providing	O
a	O
consistent	O
application	O
interface	O
across	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
personal	O
computers	O
,	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
,	O
and	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
announced	O
,	O
seven	O
goals	O
were	O
outlined	O
:	O
the	O
abolition	O
of	O
licensing	O
fees	O
for	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
Shockwave	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
(	O
SWF	O
)	O
and	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
(	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
)	O
file	O
formats	O
,	O
the	O
publishing	O
of	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interfaces	I-Application
for	O
porting	O
Flash	O
to	O
new	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
publishing	O
of	O
The	O
Flash	O
Cast	O
protocol	O
and	O
Action	B-Protocol
Message	I-Protocol
Format	I-Protocol
(	O
AMF	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
which	O
let	O
Flash	O
applications	O
receive	O
information	O
from	O
remote	O
databases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
specifications	O
removing	O
the	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
SWF	O
and	O
FLV/F4V	O
specs	O
have	O
been	O
published	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flash	O
Cast	O
protocol	O
—	O
now	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
Mobile	O
Content	O
Delivery	O
Protocol	O
—	O
and	O
AMF	B-Protocol
protocols	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
made	O
available	O
,	O
with	O
AMF	B-Protocol
available	O
as	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
implementation	O
,	O
BlazeDS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
list	O
of	O
mobile	B-Application
device	I-Application
providers	O
who	O
have	O
joined	O
the	O
project	O
includes	O
Palm	O
,	O
Motorola	O
,	O
and	O
Nokia	O
,	O
who	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
Adobe	O
,	O
have	O
announced	O
a	O
$10	O
million	O
Open	O
Screen	O
Project	O
fund	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fully	O
Flash-run	O
sites	O
fell	O
out	O
of	O
favor	O
for	O
more	O
strategic	O
use	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
plugins	I-Operating_System
for	O
video	O
and	O
other	O
interactive	O
features	O
among	O
standard	O
HTML	O
conventions	O
,	O
corresponding	O
with	O
the	O
availability	O
of	O
HTML	O
features	O
like	O
cascading	B-Language
style-sheets	I-Language
in	O
the	O
mid-00	O
'	O
s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
this	O
also	O
led	O
to	O
Flash	O
being	O
used	O
for	O
new	O
apps	O
,	O
including	O
video	O
games	O
and	O
animations	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Precursors	O
to	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
but	O
featuring	O
user-generated	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
animations	I-Operating_System
and	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Newgrounds	B-Operating_System
became	O
popular	O
destinations	O
,	O
further	O
helping	O
to	O
spread	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Toward	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
millennium	O
,	O
the	O
Wireless	B-Protocol
Application	I-Protocol
Protocol	I-Protocol
(	O
WAP	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
,	O
corresponding	O
with	O
development	O
of	O
Dynamic	B-General_Concept
HTML	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fifteen	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
WAP	O
had	O
largely	O
been	O
replaced	O
by	O
full-capability	O
implementations	O
and	O
the	O
HTML5	B-Application
standard	O
included	O
more	O
support	O
for	O
interactive	O
and	O
video	O
elements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
Flash	O
in	O
these	O
mobile	O
browsers	B-Application
was	O
not	O
included	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Apple	B-Application
's	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
famously	O
wrote	O
Thoughts	O
on	O
Flash	O
,	O
an	O
open	O
letter	O
to	O
Adobe	O
criticizing	O
the	O
closed	O
nature	O
of	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
inherent	O
security	O
problems	O
with	O
the	O
application	O
to	O
explain	O
why	O
Flash	O
was	O
not	O
supported	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
created	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
environment	O
as	O
a	O
means	O
to	O
appease	O
Apple	B-Application
's	O
concerns	O
,	O
and	O
spent	O
time	O
legally	O
fighting	O
Apple	B-Application
over	O
terms	O
of	O
its	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
to	O
allow	O
AIR	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Adobe	O
eventually	O
won	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
other	O
third-party	O
development	O
environments	O
to	O
get	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Apple	B-Application
's	O
decision	O
to	O
block	O
Flash	O
itself	O
was	O
considered	O
the	O
"	O
death	O
blow	O
"	O
to	O
the	O
Flash	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2011	O
,	O
about	O
a	O
year	O
after	O
Jobs	O
 '	O
open	O
letter	O
,	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
it	O
would	O
no	O
longer	O
be	O
developing	O
Flash	O
and	O
advised	O
developers	B-Application
to	O
switch	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
Adobe	O
ended	O
support	O
for	O
Flash	O
on	O
Android	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
stated	O
that	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
was	O
transitioning	O
to	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
and	O
OpenFL	B-Application
,	O
a	O
multi-target	O
open-source	B-Application
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Flash	O
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
Adobe	O
rebranded	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Professional	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
main	O
Flash	O
authoring	O
environment	O
,	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
to	O
emphasize	O
its	O
expanded	O
support	O
for	O
HTML5	B-Application
authoring	O
,	O
and	O
stated	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
"	O
encourage	O
content	O
creators	O
to	O
build	O
with	O
new	O
web	O
standards	O
"	O
rather	O
than	O
use	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2017	O
,	O
Adobe	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
Flash	O
,	O
and	O
announced	O
its	O
End-Of-Life	O
(	O
EOL	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2020	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
cease	O
support	O
,	O
distribution	O
,	O
and	O
security	O
updates	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Flash	O
's	O
EOL	O
announced	O
,	O
many	O
browsers	B-Application
took	O
steps	O
to	O
gradually	O
restrict	O
Flash	O
content	O
(	O
caution	O
users	O
before	O
launching	O
it	O
,	O
eventually	O
blocking	O
all	O
content	O
without	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
play	O
it	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
all	O
major	O
browsers	B-Application
were	O
blocking	O
all	O
Flash	O
content	O
unconditionally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Only	O
IE11	B-Application
,	O
niche	O
browser	B-Application
forks	O
,	O
and	O
some	O
browsers	B-Application
built	O
for	O
China	O
plan	O
to	O
continue	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2021	O
,	O
Microsoft	O
released	O
an	O
optional	O
update	O
KB4577586	O
which	O
removes	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
from	O
Windows	B-Application
;	O
in	O
July	O
2021	O
this	O
update	O
was	O
pushed	O
out	O
as	O
a	O
security	O
update	O
and	O
applied	O
automatically	O
to	O
all	O
remaining	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
will	O
still	O
be	O
supported	O
in	O
China	O
and	O
worldwide	O
on	O
some	O
specialized	O
enterprise	B-Application
platforms	B-Device
beyond	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
early	O
as	O
2014	O
,	O
around	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
that	O
Adobe	O
began	O
encouraging	O
Flash	O
developers	B-Application
to	O
transition	O
their	O
works	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
standards	O
,	O
others	O
began	O
efforts	O
to	O
preserve	O
existing	O
Flash	O
content	O
through	O
emulation	O
of	O
Flash	O
in	O
open	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
early	O
project	O
was	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
's	O
Shumway	B-Operating_System
,	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
project	O
that	O
attempted	O
to	O
emulate	O
the	O
Flash	O
standard	O
in	O
HTML5	B-Application
,	O
but	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
shuttered	O
as	O
the	O
team	O
found	O
that	O
more	O
developers	B-Application
were	O
switching	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
than	O
seeking	O
to	O
keep	O
their	O
content	O
in	O
Flash	O
,	O
coupled	O
with	O
the	O
difficulties	O
in	O
assuring	O
full	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Application
had	O
developed	O
the	O
Swiffy	B-Operating_System
application	O
,	O
released	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
to	O
convert	O
Flash	O
applications	O
to	O
HTML5-compatible	O
scripts	O
for	O
viewing	O
on	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
,	O
but	O
it	O
was	O
shut	O
down	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Closer	O
to	O
Flash	O
's	O
EOL	O
date	O
in	O
2020	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
more	O
concentrated	O
efforts	O
simply	O
to	O
preserve	O
existing	O
Flash	O
applications	O
,	O
including	O
websites	O
,	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
animations	B-Operating_System
beyond	O
Flash	O
's	O
EOL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Internet	O
Archive	O
introduced	O
Ruffle	B-Operating_System
and	O
Emularity	O
Flash	O
emulators	O
to	O
emulate	O
Flash	B-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
and	O
animations	B-Operating_System
without	O
the	O
security	O
holes	O
in	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
opening	O
a	O
new	O
collection	O
for	O
creators	O
and	O
users	O
to	O
save	O
and	O
preserve	O
Flash	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kongregate	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
larger	O
sites	O
that	O
offered	O
Flash	B-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
,	O
has	O
been	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
Strong	O
Museum	O
of	O
Play	O
to	O
preserve	O
its	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
source	O
files	O
are	O
in	O
the	O
FLA	O
format	O
and	O
contain	O
graphics	O
and	O
animation	B-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
embedded	O
assets	O
such	O
as	O
bitmap	O
images	O
,	O
audio	O
files	O
,	O
and	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
video	I-Operating_System
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flash	O
source	O
file	O
format	O
was	O
a	O
proprietary	B-Application
format	O
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Pro	O
were	O
the	O
only	O
available	O
authoring	O
tools	O
capable	O
of	O
editing	O
such	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
source	O
files	O
(	O
.fla	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
compiled	O
into	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
movie	I-Operating_System
files	O
(	O
.swf	O
)	O
using	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
movie	I-Operating_System
files	O
were	O
in	O
the	O
SWF	O
format	O
,	O
traditionally	O
called	O
"	O
ShockWave	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
"	O
movies	O
,	O
"	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
movies	I-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
or	O
"	O
Flash	O
applications	O
"	O
,	O
usually	O
have	O
a	O
.swf	O
file	O
extension	O
,	O
and	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
web	O
page	O
plug-in	B-Application
,	O
strictly	O
"	O
played	O
"	O
in	O
a	O
standalone	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
incorporated	O
into	O
a	O
self-executing	O
Projector	O
movie	O
(	O
with	O
the	O
.exe	O
extension	O
in	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
files	O
have	O
a	O
.flv	B-Operating_System
file	O
extension	O
and	O
are	O
either	O
used	O
from	O
within	O
.swf	O
files	O
or	O
played	O
through	O
a	O
flv-aware	O
player	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
VLC	B-Application
,	O
or	O
QuickTime	B-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Device
Media	I-Device
Player	I-Device
with	O
external	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
content	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
format	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
just	O
text	O
,	O
video	O
,	O
or	O
audio	O
)	O
,	O
other	O
alternatives	O
may	O
provide	O
better	O
performance	O
and	O
consume	O
less	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
power	O
than	O
the	O
corresponding	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
movie	I-Operating_System
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
when	O
using	O
transparency	O
or	O
making	O
large	O
screen	O
updates	O
such	O
as	O
photographic	O
or	O
text	O
fades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
a	O
vector-rendering	O
engine	O
,	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
includes	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
called	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
(	O
AVM	O
)	O
for	O
scripting	O
interactivity	O
at	O
run-time	O
,	O
with	O
video	O
,	O
MP3-based	O
audio	O
,	O
and	O
bitmap	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
8	O
,	O
it	O
offered	O
two	O
video	B-Application
codecs	I-Application
:	O
On2	B-Application
Technologies	I-Application
VP6	B-Algorithm
and	O
Sorenson	O
Spark	O
,	O
and	O
run-time	O
JPEG	O
,	O
Progressive	O
JPEG	O
,	O
PNG	O
,	O
GIF	O
and	O
(	O
DWG	O
)	O
AutoCAD	O
Drawing	O
file	O
(	O
WMV	O
)	O
Windows	B-Application
Metafile	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11	O
introduced	O
a	O
full	O
3D	O
shader	O
API	B-Application
,	O
called	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
is	O
fairly	O
similar	O
to	O
WebGL	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
enables	O
GPU-accelerated	O
rendering	O
of	O
3D	O
graphics	O
within	O
Flash	B-Protocol
games	I-Protocol
and	O
applications	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
Angry	B-Application
Birds	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
other	O
notable	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
3D	O
frameworks	O
have	O
been	O
built	O
for	O
Flash	O
using	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
Away3D	B-Application
4	O
,	O
CopperCube	B-Application
,	O
Flare3D	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Starling	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Professional	O
game	O
engines	O
like	O
Unreal	B-Operating_System
Engine	I-Operating_System
and	O
Unity	B-Application
also	O
export	O
Flash	O
versions	O
which	O
use	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
to	O
render	O
3D	O
graphics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtually	O
all	O
browser	B-Application
plugins	B-Application
for	O
video	O
are	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
and	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
Adobe	O
's	O
offering	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
Flash	O
version	O
6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
had	O
been	O
a	O
popular	O
choice	O
for	O
websites	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
large	O
installed	O
user	O
base	O
and	O
programmability	O
of	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Apple	B-Application
publicly	O
criticized	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
its	O
implementation	O
of	O
video	O
playback	O
for	O
not	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
hardware	O
acceleration	O
,	O
one	O
reason	O
Flash	O
was	O
not	O
to	O
be	O
found	O
on	O
Apple	B-Application
's	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Soon	O
after	O
Apple	B-Application
's	O
criticism	O
,	O
Adobe	O
demoed	O
and	O
released	O
a	O
beta	O
version	O
of	O
Flash	O
10.1	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
available	O
GPU	B-Architecture
hardware	O
acceleration	O
even	O
on	O
a	O
Mac	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
supports	O
two	O
distinct	O
modes	O
of	O
video	O
playback	O
,	O
and	O
hardware	B-Application
accelerated	I-Application
video	I-Application
decoding	I-Application
may	O
not	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
older	O
video	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
content	O
causes	O
excessive	O
CPU	B-General_Concept
usage	O
compared	O
to	O
comparable	O
content	O
played	O
with	O
other	O
players	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Software	O
Rendered	O
Video	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
supports	O
software	O
rendered	O
video	O
since	O
version	O
6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
video	O
supports	O
vector	O
animations	B-Operating_System
displayed	O
above	O
the	O
video	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
obligation	O
may	O
,	O
depending	O
on	O
graphic	O
APIs	B-Application
exposed	O
by	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
prohibit	O
using	O
a	O
video	O
overlay	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
traditional	O
multimedia	O
player	O
would	O
use	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
consequence	O
that	O
color	B-Algorithm
space	I-Algorithm
conversion	I-Algorithm
and	O
scaling	O
must	O
happen	O
in	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware	O
Accelerated	O
Video	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
supports	O
hardware	O
accelerated	O
video	O
playback	O
since	O
version	O
10.2	O
,	O
for	O
H.264	B-Application
,	O
F4V	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
video	I-Operating_System
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
video	O
is	O
displayed	O
above	O
all	O
Flash	O
content	O
and	O
takes	O
advantage	O
of	O
video	B-Application
codec	I-Application
chipsets	O
installed	O
on	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	B-Application
must	O
specifically	O
use	O
the	O
"	O
StageVideo	O
"	O
technology	O
within	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
in	O
order	O
for	O
hardware	O
decoding	O
to	O
be	O
enabled	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
internally	O
uses	O
technologies	O
such	O
as	O
DirectX	B-General_Concept
Video	I-General_Concept
Acceleration	I-General_Concept
and	O
OpenGL	B-Application
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
tests	O
done	O
by	O
Ars	O
Technica	O
in	O
2008	O
and	O
2009	O
,	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
performed	O
better	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
than	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
and	O
Linux	B-Application
with	O
the	O
same	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Performance	O
has	O
later	O
improved	O
for	O
the	O
latter	O
two	O
,	O
on	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
X	I-Application
with	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
10.1	O
,	O
and	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
with	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
Audio	O
is	O
most	O
commonly	O
encoded	O
in	O
MP3	B-Application
or	O
AAC	B-Application
(	O
Advanced	B-Application
Audio	I-Application
Coding	I-Application
)	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
also	O
use	O
ADPCM	B-Algorithm
,	O
Nellymoser	B-Algorithm
(	O
Nellymoser	B-Algorithm
Asao	I-Algorithm
Codec	I-Algorithm
)	O
and	O
Speex	B-Application
audio	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
20	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
on	O
its	O
blog	O
that	O
with	O
Update	O
3	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
will	O
also	O
implement	O
some	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
international	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Specifically	O
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
will	O
work	O
with	O
video	O
compressed	O
in	O
H.264	B-Application
(	O
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
10	I-Application
)	O
,	O
audio	O
compressed	O
using	O
AAC	B-Application
(	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Part	O
3	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
F4V	B-Operating_System
,	O
MP4	O
(	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Part	O
14	O
)	O
,	O
M4V	O
,	O
M4A	O
,	O
3GP	O
,	O
and	O
MOV	B-Application
multimedia	O
container	O
formats	O
,	O
3GPP	O
Timed	O
Text	O
specification	O
(	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Part	O
17	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
standardized	O
subtitle	O
format	O
and	O
partial	O
parsing	O
capability	O
for	O
the	O
"	O
ilst	O
"	O
atom	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
ID3	O
equivalent	O
iTunes	B-Operating_System
uses	O
to	O
store	O
metadata	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MPEG-4	B-Application
Part	I-Application
2	I-Application
and	O
H.263	B-Algorithm
will	O
not	O
work	O
in	O
F4V	B-Operating_System
file	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
also	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
gradually	O
moving	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
format	O
to	O
the	O
standard	O
ISO	O
base	O
media	O
file	O
format	O
(	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
Part	O
12	O
)	O
owing	O
to	O
functional	O
limits	O
with	O
the	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
structure	O
when	O
streaming	O
H.264	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
implementing	O
some	O
parts	O
of	O
MPEG-4	B-Algorithm
standards	O
had	O
become	O
available	O
in	O
Fall	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
10.1	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
acoustic	O
echo	O
cancellation	O
,	O
unlike	O
the	O
VoIP	O
offerings	O
of	O
Skype	O
and	O
Google	B-Application
Voice	O
,	O
making	O
this	O
and	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
Flash	O
less	O
suitable	O
for	O
group	O
calling	O
or	O
meetings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
10.3	O
Beta	O
incorporates	O
acoustic	O
echo	O
cancellation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
programs	O
use	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
enhanced	O
superset	O
of	O
the	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
,	O
with	O
a	O
classical	O
Java-style	O
class	O
model	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
JavaScript	B-Language
's	O
prototype	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
did	O
this	O
in	O
response	O
to	O
many	O
new	O
and	O
often	O
semi-open	O
formats	O
competing	O
with	O
SWF	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Xara	O
's	O
Flare	O
and	O
Sharp	O
's	O
Extended	O
Vector	O
Animation	B-Operating_System
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
developers	B-Application
quickly	O
created	O
a	O
C	B-Language
library	I-Language
for	O
producing	O
SWF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Macromedia	O
also	O
hired	O
Middlesoft	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
freely	O
available	O
developers	B-Application
 '	I-Application
kit	I-Application
for	O
the	O
SWF	O
file	O
format	O
versions	O
3	O
to	O
5	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
Flash	O
SWF	O
file	O
format	O
specification	O
was	O
released	O
with	O
details	O
on	O
the	O
then	O
newest	O
version	O
format	O
(	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
still	O
lacking	O
specific	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
incorporated	O
video	O
compression	O
formats	O
(	O
On2	B-Application
,	O
Sorenson	O
Spark	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
)	O
,	O
this	O
new	O
documentation	O
covered	O
all	O
the	O
new	O
features	O
offered	O
in	O
Flash	O
v8	O
including	O
new	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
commands	O
,	O
expressive	O
filter	O
controls	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
file	O
format	O
specification	O
document	O
is	O
offered	O
only	O
to	O
developers	B-Application
who	O
agree	O
to	O
a	O
license	O
agreement	O
that	O
permits	O
them	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
specifications	O
only	O
to	O
develop	O
programs	O
that	O
can	O
export	O
to	O
the	O
Flash	O
file	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
specification	O
was	O
made	O
available	O
under	O
similar	O
restrictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previously	O
,	O
developers	B-Application
could	O
not	O
use	O
the	O
specification	O
for	O
making	O
SWF-compatible	O
players	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
for	O
making	O
SWF-exporting	O
authoring	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
specification	O
still	O
omits	O
information	O
on	O
codecs	B-General_Concept
such	O
as	O
Sorenson	O
Spark	O
,	O
however	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
authoring	O
program	O
is	O
primarily	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
graphics	O
and	O
animation	B-Operating_System
and	O
publish	O
the	O
same	O
for	O
websites	O
,	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
and	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
program	O
also	O
offers	O
limited	O
support	O
for	O
audio	B-Operating_System
and	I-Operating_System
video	I-Operating_System
embedding	O
and	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
scripting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
released	O
Adobe	B-Application
LiveMotion	I-Application
,	O
designed	O
to	O
create	O
interactive	O
animation	B-Operating_System
content	O
and	O
export	O
it	O
to	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
formats	O
,	O
including	O
SWF	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LiveMotion	B-Application
failed	O
to	O
gain	O
any	O
notable	O
user	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
free	O
and	O
commercial	O
software	O
packages	O
can	O
output	O
animations	B-Operating_System
into	O
the	O
Flash	O
SWF	O
format	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Vyond	O
is	O
a	O
software	B-Architecture
as	I-Architecture
a	I-Architecture
service	I-Architecture
tool	O
to	O
create	O
animated	O
videos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flash	O
4	O
Linux	B-Application
project	O
was	O
an	O
initiative	O
to	O
develop	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
Linux	B-Application
application	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
plans	O
included	O
authoring	O
capacity	O
for	O
2D	O
animation	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
tweening	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
outputting	O
SWF	O
file	O
formats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
F4L	O
evolved	O
into	O
an	O
editor	O
that	O
was	O
capable	O
of	O
authoring	O
2D	O
animation	B-Operating_System
and	O
publishing	O
of	O
SWF	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
4	O
Linux	B-Application
was	O
renamed	O
UIRA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UIRA	O
intended	O
to	O
combine	O
the	O
resources	O
and	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
F4L	O
project	O
and	O
the	O
Qflash	O
project	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
were	O
Open	B-Application
Source	I-Application
applications	O
that	O
aimed	O
to	O
provide	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
the	O
proprietary	B-Application
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
provides	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
tools	O
to	O
develop	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
video	O
games	O
for	O
Flash	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
SDK	O
–	O
a	O
free	O
,	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
SDK	O
to	O
compile	O
Flash-based	O
rich	B-Application
web	I-Application
applications	I-Application
from	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
compiler	O
generates	O
SWF	O
files	O
from	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
was	O
the	O
primary	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
compiler	O
and	O
was	O
actively	O
developed	O
by	O
Adobe	O
before	O
it	O
was	O
donated	O
to	O
Apache	O
Software	O
Foundation	O
in	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
–	O
primarily	O
used	O
to	O
design	O
graphics	O
and	O
animation	B-Operating_System
,	O
but	O
supports	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
scripting	O
and	O
debugging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Application
Flash	I-Application
Builder	I-Application
–	O
enterprise	B-Application
application	I-Application
development	O
&	O
debugging	O
,	O
contains	O
the	O
Flex	B-Operating_System
SDK	I-Operating_System
with	O
UI	O
and	O
charting	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Language
Scout	I-Language
–	O
a	O
visual	O
profiler	O
to	O
optimize	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
Flash	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CrossBridge	B-Language
–	O
a	O
free	O
SDK	O
to	O
cross-compile	B-Application
C++	B-Language
code	I-Language
to	O
run	O
in	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Third-party	O
development	O
tools	O
have	O
been	O
created	O
to	O
assist	O
developers	B-Application
in	O
creating	O
software	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
video	O
games	O
with	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
FlashDevelop	O
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open	I-License
source	I-License
Flash	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
IDE	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
a	O
project	O
manager	O
and	O
debugger	O
for	O
building	O
applications	O
on	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Powerflasher	B-Application
FDT	I-Application
is	O
a	O
commercial	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
IDE	O
similar	O
to	O
FlashDevelop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Haxe	B-Language
is	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
,	O
high-level	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
geared	O
towards	O
web-content	O
creation	O
that	O
can	O
compile	O
SWF	O
files	O
from	O
Haxe	B-Language
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2012	O
,	O
Haxe	B-Language
can	O
build	O
programs	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
that	O
perform	O
faster	O
than	O
the	O
same	O
application	O
built	O
with	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
SDK	O
compiler	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
additional	O
compiler	B-Application
optimizations	I-Application
supported	O
in	O
Haxe	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
SWFTools	B-Operating_System
(	O
specifically	O
,	O
swfc	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
compiler	O
which	O
generates	O
SWF	O
files	O
from	O
script	O
files	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
SVG	B-Application
tags	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ming	B-Operating_System
library	I-Operating_System
,	O
to	O
create	O
SWF	O
files	O
programmatically	O
,	O
has	O
interfaces	O
for	O
C	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Perl	B-Language
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Ruby	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
multimedia	O
and	O
application	O
player	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
Macromedia	O
and	O
acquired	O
by	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
plays	O
SWF	O
files	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
by	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
and	O
3rd	O
party	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
support	O
for	O
a	O
scripting	O
language	O
called	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
display	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Video	I-Operating_System
from	O
an	O
SWF	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scaleform	B-Application
GFx	I-Application
is	O
a	O
commercial	O
alternative	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
player	I-Operating_System
that	O
features	O
fully	O
hardware-accelerated	O
2D	O
graphics	O
rendering	O
using	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scaleform	B-Application
has	O
high	O
conformance	O
with	O
both	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
and	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scaleform	B-Application
GFx	I-Application
is	O
a	O
game	O
development	O
middleware	O
solution	O
that	O
helps	O
create	O
graphical	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
or	O
HUDs	O
within	O
3D	O
video	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
does	O
not	O
work	O
with	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
IrfanView	B-Protocol
,	O
an	O
image	O
viewer	O
,	O
uses	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
to	O
display	O
SWF	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenFL	B-Application
,	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
open-source	B-Application
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
API	B-Application
,	O
supports	O
importing	O
SWF	O
assets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lightspark	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
SWF	O
player	O
that	O
supports	O
most	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
and	O
has	O
a	O
Mozilla-compatible	O
plug-in	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
will	O
fall	O
back	O
on	O
Gnash	B-Language
,	O
a	O
free	O
SWF	O
player	O
supporting	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
and	O
2.0	O
(	O
AVM1	O
)	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lightspark	B-Language
supports	O
OpenGL-based	O
rendering	O
for	O
3D	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
player	O
is	O
also	O
compatible	O
with	O
H.264	B-Application
Flash	B-Operating_System
videos	I-Operating_System
on	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
.	I-General_Concept
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
aimed	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
software	O
player	O
and	O
browser	B-Application
plugin	B-Application
replacement	O
for	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
can	O
play	O
SWF	O
files	O
up	O
to	O
version	O
7	O
,	O
and	O
80%	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gnash	B-Language
runs	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
other	O
platforms	B-Device
for	O
the	O
32-bit	O
,	O
64-bit	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
,	O
but	O
development	O
has	O
slowed	O
significantly	O
in	O
recent	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shumway	B-Operating_System
was	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
released	O
by	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
in	O
November	O
2012	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
built	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
is	O
thus	O
compatible	O
with	O
modern	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Shumway	B-Operating_System
was	O
included	O
by	O
default	O
in	O
the	O
Firefox	B-Application
nightly	O
branch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shumway	B-Operating_System
rendered	O
Flash	O
contents	O
by	O
translating	O
contents	O
inside	O
Flash	O
files	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
elements	O
,	O
and	O
running	O
an	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
interpreter	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supported	O
both	O
AVM1	O
and	O
AVM2	B-Language
,	O
and	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
versions	O
1	O
,	O
2	O
,	O
and	O
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Development	O
of	O
Shumway	B-Operating_System
ceased	O
in	O
early	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
that	O
Shumway	B-Operating_System
was	O
abandoned	O
,	O
work	O
began	O
on	O
Ruffle	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
flash	O
emulator	O
written	O
in	O
Rust	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
also	O
runs	O
in	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
by	O
compiling	O
down	O
to	O
WebAssembly	B-Language
and	O
using	O
HTML5	B-Language
Canvas	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Internet	O
Archive	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
emulating	O
SWF	O
by	O
adding	O
Ruffle	B-Operating_System
to	O
its	O
emulation	O
scheme	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
March	O
2023	O
,	O
Ruffle	B-Operating_System
states	O
that	O
it	O
supports	O
95%	O
of	O
the	O
AS1/2	O
language	O
and	O
73%	O
of	O
the	O
AS1/2	O
APIs	B-Application
,	O
but	O
does	O
not	O
correctly	O
run	O
most	O
AS3	O
(	O
AVM2	B-Language
)	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
is	O
currently	O
only	O
supported	O
with	O
the	O
enterprise	B-Application
and	O
China	O
variants	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
deprecated	B-General_Concept
everywhere	O
else	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
is	O
available	O
in	O
four	O
flavors	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ActiveX	B-Application
version	O
is	O
an	O
ActiveX	B-Application
control	I-Application
for	O
use	O
in	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
and	O
any	O
other	O
Windows	B-Application
applications	I-Application
that	O
support	O
ActiveX	B-Application
technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Plug-in	B-Application
versions	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
browsers	B-Application
supporting	O
either	O
NPAPI	B-Protocol
or	O
PPAPI	O
plug-ins	B-Application
on	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
shares	O
some	O
code	O
with	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
and	O
essentially	O
embeds	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
was	O
previously	O
available	O
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
mobile	O
operating	O
systems	O
,	O
including	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
between	O
versions	O
2.2	B-Application
)	O
and	O
4.0.4.	O
,	O
Pocket	O
PC/Windows	O
CE	O
,	O
QNX	B-Operating_System
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
on	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
PlayBook	I-Application
)	O
,	O
Symbian	B-Operating_System
,	O
Palm	B-Operating_System
OS	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
webOS	B-Operating_System
(	O
since	O
version	O
2.0	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
for	O
smartphones	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
made	O
available	O
to	O
handset	O
manufacturers	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2011	O
,	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
the	O
withdrawal	O
of	O
support	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
on	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
Adobe	O
reaffirmed	O
its	O
commitment	O
to	O
"	O
aggressively	O
contribute	O
"	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
announced	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
Flash	O
for	O
mobile	B-Application
platforms	I-Application
or	O
TV	O
,	O
instead	O
focusing	O
on	O
HTML5	B-Application
for	O
browser	B-Application
content	O
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
various	O
mobile	B-Application
application	I-Application
stores	O
and	O
described	O
it	O
as	O
"	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
the	O
end	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	O
LTD	O
(	O
formerly	O
known	O
as	O
RIM	O
)	O
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
develop	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
for	O
the	O
PlayBook	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
for	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
(	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
iPad	B-Device
,	O
and	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Flash	O
content	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
in	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
ways	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
content	O
can	O
be	O
bundled	O
inside	O
an	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
app	O
,	O
which	O
will	O
then	O
run	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Apple	B-Application
did	O
not	O
allow	O
this	O
for	O
a	O
while	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
relaxed	O
those	O
restrictions	O
in	O
September	O
2010	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
content	O
is	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
video	I-Operating_System
being	O
served	O
by	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Media	O
Server	O
4.5	O
,	O
the	O
server	O
will	O
translate	O
and	O
send	O
the	O
video	O
as	O
HTTP	O
Dynamic	O
Streaming	O
or	O
HTTP	O
Live	O
Streaming	O
,	O
both	O
of	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
played	O
by	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
specialized	O
mobile	O
browsers	B-Application
manage	O
to	O
accommodate	O
Flash	O
via	O
streaming	O
content	O
from	O
the	O
cloud	O
directly	O
to	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
examples	O
are	O
Photon	O
Browser	B-Application
and	O
Puffin	O
Web	B-Application
Browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
mobile	O
version	O
of	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
for	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Phone	I-Protocol
cannot	O
play	O
Flash	O
content	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
Flash	O
support	O
is	O
still	O
present	O
on	O
the	O
tablet	B-Operating_System
version	I-Operating_System
of	I-Operating_System
Windows	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
is	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
runtime	B-Device
system	I-Device
for	O
developing	O
applications	O
for	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
running	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
ARM	B-Application
Cortex-A8	I-Application
and	O
above	O
)	O
and	O
Apple	B-Application
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
lightweight	O
version	O
of	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
intended	O
for	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
other	O
portable	O
electronic	O
devices	O
like	O
Chumby	B-Application
and	O
iRiver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenFL	B-Application
is	O
an	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
framework	O
that	O
mirrors	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
API	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
developers	B-Application
to	O
build	O
a	O
single	O
application	O
against	O
the	O
OpenFL	B-Application
APIs	B-Application
,	O
and	O
simultaneously	O
target	O
multiple	B-Operating_System
platforms	I-Operating_System
including	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
HTML5	B-Application
(	O
choice	O
of	O
Canvas	B-Language
,	O
WebGL	B-Library
,	O
SVG	B-Application
or	O
DOM	O
)	O
,	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
WebAssembly	B-Language
,	O
Flash	O
,	O
AIR	O
,	O
PlayStation	B-Operating_System
4	I-Operating_System
,	O
PlayStation	O
3	O
,	O
PlayStation	O
Vita	O
,	O
Xbox	B-Device
One	I-Device
,	O
Wii	B-Device
U	I-Device
,	O
TiVo	O
,	O
Raspberry	O
Pi	O
,	O
and	O
Node.js	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenFL	B-Application
mirrors	O
the	O
Flash	O
API	B-Application
for	O
graphical	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OpenFL	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
be	O
written	O
in	O
Haxe	B-Language
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
(	O
EcmaScript	B-Language
5	O
or	O
6+	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
TypeScript	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
More	O
than	O
500	O
video	O
games	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
with	O
OpenFL	B-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
BAFTA-award-winning	O
game	O
Papers	B-Application
,	I-Application
Please	I-Application
,	O
Rymdkapsel	B-Application
,	O
Lightbot	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
Madden	B-Application
NFL	I-Application
Mobile	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTML5	B-Application
is	O
often	O
cited	O
as	O
an	O
alternative	O
to	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
technology	O
usage	O
on	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
released	O
a	O
tool	O
that	O
converts	O
Flash	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
,	O
and	O
in	O
June	O
2011	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
released	O
an	O
experimental	O
tool	O
that	O
does	O
the	O
same	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2015	O
,	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
defaulted	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
players	O
to	O
better	O
support	O
more	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
tools	O
allow	O
converting	O
Flash	O
content	O
to	O
HTML5	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
Animate	I-Application
was	O
designed	O
to	O
produce	O
HTML5	B-Application
animations	B-Operating_System
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
now	O
allows	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
animations	I-Operating_System
to	O
be	O
published	O
into	O
HTML5	B-Application
content	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Google	B-Operating_System
Swiffy	I-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
web-based	B-Application
tool	O
developed	O
by	O
Google	B-Application
that	O
converts	O
SWF	O
files	O
into	O
HTML5	B-Application
,	O
using	O
SVG	B-Application
for	O
graphics	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
for	O
animation	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Language
Wallaby	I-Language
was	O
a	O
converter	O
developed	O
by	O
Adobe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
Wallaby	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
a	O
standalone	O
program	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
Toolkit	O
for	O
CreateJS	O
"	O
only	O
works	O
as	O
a	O
plug-in	B-Application
inside	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Professional	I-Operating_System
;	O
it	O
generates	O
output	O
for	O
the	O
HTML5	B-Language
canvas	I-Language
,	O
animated	O
with	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
December	O
2013	O
,	O
the	O
toolkit	O
was	O
integrated	O
directly	O
into	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Professional	I-Operating_System
CC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
tools	O
run	O
Flash	O
content	O
in	O
an	O
HTML5-enabled	O
browser	B-Application
,	O
but	O
do	O
not	O
convert	O
to	O
a	O
HTML5	B-Application
webpage	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Shumway	B-Operating_System
,	O
developed	O
by	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
,	O
was	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
Flash	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
written	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
,	O
developed	O
by	O
GraphOGL	O
Risorse	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
free	O
and	O
on-line	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
(	O
Flash	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
)	O
written	O
in	O
JavaScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Websites	O
built	O
with	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
will	O
not	O
function	O
on	O
most	O
modern	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
running	O
Google	B-Application
Android	I-Application
or	O
iOS	B-Application
(	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
iPad	B-Device
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
only	O
alternative	O
is	O
using	O
HTML5	B-Application
and	O
responsive	B-General_Concept
web	I-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
to	O
build	O
websites	O
that	O
support	O
both	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Flash	O
is	O
still	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
mobile	B-Application
games	I-Application
using	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
games	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
in	O
mobile	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
but	O
must	O
be	O
installed	O
via	O
the	O
appropriate	O
app	B-Application
store	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Generally	O
,	O
public	O
specifications	O
are	O
what	O
makes	O
a	O
format	O
re-implementable	O
(	O
see	O
future	O
proofing	O
data	O
storage	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
reusable	O
codebases	O
can	O
be	O
ported	B-Architecture
to	O
new	O
platforms	B-Device
without	O
the	O
endorsement	O
of	O
the	O
format	O
creator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
's	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
SWF/FLV	O
specifications	O
were	O
lifted	O
in	O
February	O
2009	O
(	O
see	O
Adobe	O
's	O
Open	O
Screen	O
Project	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
despite	O
efforts	O
of	O
projects	O
like	O
Gnash	B-Language
,	O
Swfdec	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Lightspark	B-Language
,	O
a	O
complete	O
free	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
player	I-Operating_System
is	O
yet	O
to	O
be	O
seen	O
,	O
as	O
of	O
September	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Gnash	B-Language
cannot	O
use	O
SWF	O
v10	O
yet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
,	O
Gnash	B-Language
was	O
listed	O
on	O
the	O
Free	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Foundation	O
's	O
high	O
priority	O
list	O
,	O
from	O
at	O
least	O
2007	O
,	O
to	O
its	O
removal	O
in	O
January	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
advocates	O
of	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
open	O
standards	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
have	O
warned	O
against	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Flash	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
founder	O
of	O
Mozilla	B-Operating_System
Europe	O
,	O
Tristan	O
Nitot	O
,	O
stated	O
in	O
2008	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Companies	O
building	O
websites	O
should	O
beware	O
of	O
proprietary	B-Application
rich-media	O
technologies	O
like	O
Adobe	O
's	O
Flash	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Silverlight	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Representing	O
open	O
standards	O
,	O
inventor	O
of	O
CSS	B-Language
and	O
co-author	O
of	O
HTML5	B-Application
,	O
Håkon	O
Wium	O
Lie	O
explained	O
in	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
tech	O
talk	O
of	O
2007	O
,	O
entitled	O
"	O
the	O
video	O
element	O
"	O
,	O
the	O
proposal	O
of	O
Theora	B-Algorithm
as	O
the	O
format	O
for	O
HTML5	B-Application
video	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Representing	O
the	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
movement	O
,	O
Richard	O
Stallman	O
stated	O
in	O
a	O
speech	O
in	O
2004	O
that	O
:	O
"	O
The	O
use	O
of	O
Flash	O
in	O
websites	O
is	O
a	O
major	O
problem	O
for	O
our	O
community.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
problems	O
have	O
been	O
at	O
least	O
partially	O
fixed	O
since	O
Nielsen	O
's	O
complaints	O
:	O
text	O
size	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
using	O
full	O
page	O
zoom	O
and	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
possible	O
for	O
authors	O
to	O
include	O
alternative	O
text	O
in	O
Flash	O
since	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
6	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
content	O
is	O
usually	O
embedded	O
using	O
the	O
object	O
or	O
embed	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
element	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
that	O
does	O
not	O
fully	O
implement	O
one	O
of	O
these	O
elements	O
displays	O
the	O
replacement	O
text	O
,	O
if	O
supplied	O
by	O
the	O
web	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
,	O
a	O
plugin	B-Application
is	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
to	O
fully	O
implement	O
these	O
elements	O
,	O
though	O
some	O
users	O
cannot	O
or	O
will	O
not	O
install	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Flash	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
produce	O
content	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
advertisements	O
)	O
that	O
some	O
users	O
find	O
obnoxious	O
or	O
take	O
a	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
bandwidth	O
to	O
download	O
,	O
some	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
,	O
by	O
default	O
,	O
do	O
not	O
play	O
Flash	O
content	O
until	O
the	O
user	O
clicks	O
on	O
it	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Konqueror	B-Application
,	O
K-Meleon	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
current	O
browsers	B-Application
have	O
a	O
feature	O
to	O
block	O
plugins	B-Application
,	O
playing	O
one	O
only	O
when	O
the	O
user	O
clicks	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Opera	O
Turbo	O
requires	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
click	O
to	O
play	O
Flash	O
content	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
also	O
allows	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
enable	O
this	O
option	O
permanently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Chrome	B-Application
and	O
Firefox	B-Application
have	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
enable	O
"	O
click	O
to	O
play	O
plugins	B-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Equivalent	O
"	O
Flash	O
blocker	O
"	O
extensions	O
are	O
also	O
available	O
for	O
many	O
popular	O
browsers	B-Application
:	O
Firefox	B-Application
has	O
Flashblock	B-Operating_System
and	O
NoScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
has	O
Foxie	O
,	O
which	O
contains	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
features	O
,	O
one	O
of	O
them	O
named	O
Flashblock	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
WebKit-based	O
browsers	B-Application
under	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
such	O
as	O
Apple	B-Application
's	I-Application
Safari	I-Application
,	O
have	O
ClickToFlash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2015	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
Chrome	B-Application
will	O
"	O
pause	O
"	O
advertisements	O
and	O
"	O
non-central	O
"	O
Flash	O
content	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Firefox	B-Application
(	O
from	O
version	O
46	O
)	O
rewrites	O
old	O
Flash-only	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
embed	O
code	O
into	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
's	O
modern	O
embedded	O
player	O
that	O
is	O
capable	O
of	O
using	O
either	O
HTML5	B-Application
or	O
Flash	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
embed	O
code	O
is	O
used	O
by	O
non-YouTube	O
sites	O
to	O
embed	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
's	O
videos	O
,	O
and	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
encountered	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
on	O
old	O
blogs	O
and	O
forums	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
ways	O
to	O
pass	O
this	O
error	O
in	O
absence	O
of	O
flash	B-Operating_System
player	I-Operating_System
by	O
deleting	O
the	O
validation	O
code	O
in	O
HTML	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
also	O
depends	O
on	O
browser	B-Application
vision	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
many	O
years	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
's	O
security	O
record	O
has	O
led	O
many	O
security	O
experts	O
to	O
recommend	O
against	O
installing	O
the	O
player	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
block	O
Flash	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
has	O
over	O
1078	O
CVE	O
entries	O
,	O
of	O
which	O
over	O
842	O
lead	O
to	O
arbitrary	O
code	O
execution	O
,	O
and	O
past	O
vulnerabilities	O
have	O
enabled	O
spying	O
via	O
web	O
cameras	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Security	O
experts	O
have	O
long	O
predicted	O
the	O
demise	O
of	O
Flash	O
,	O
saying	O
that	O
with	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
HTML5	B-Application
"	O
the	O
...	O
need	O
for	O
browser	B-Application
plugins	B-Application
such	O
as	O
Flash	O
is	O
diminishing	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	O
moves	O
by	O
third	O
parties	O
to	O
limit	O
the	O
risk	O
began	O
with	O
Steve	O
Jobs	O
in	O
2010	O
saying	O
that	O
Apple	B-Application
would	O
not	O
allow	O
Flash	O
on	O
the	O
iPhone	B-Device
,	O
iPod	B-Device
Touch	I-Device
,	O
and	O
iPad	B-Device
–	O
citing	O
abysmal	O
security	O
as	O
one	O
reason	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2015	O
,	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
newly	O
discovered	O
vulnerabilities	O
resulted	O
in	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
chief	O
security	O
officer	O
,	O
Alex	O
Stamos	O
,	O
issuing	O
a	O
call	O
to	O
Adobe	O
to	O
discontinue	O
the	O
software	O
entirely	O
and	O
the	O
Mozilla	B-Application
Firefox	I-Application
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Apple	B-Application
Safari	I-Application
to	O
blacklist	O
all	O
earlier	O
versions	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
HTTP	B-Application
cookie	I-Application
,	O
a	O
flash	B-Operating_System
cookie	I-Operating_System
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
Local	B-Operating_System
Shared	I-Operating_System
Object	I-Operating_System
"	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
save	O
application	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
cookies	I-Operating_System
are	O
not	O
shared	O
across	O
domains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
August	O
2009	O
study	O
by	O
the	O
Ashkan	O
Soltani	O
and	O
a	O
team	O
of	O
researchers	O
at	O
UC	O
Berkeley	O
found	O
that	O
50%	O
of	O
websites	O
using	O
Flash	O
were	O
also	O
employing	O
flash	B-Operating_System
cookies	I-Operating_System
,	O
yet	O
privacy	O
policies	O
rarely	O
disclosed	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
user	B-Application
controls	I-Application
for	O
privacy	O
preferences	O
were	O
lacking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
browsers	B-Application
 '	O
cache	O
and	O
history	O
suppress	O
or	O
delete	O
functions	O
did	O
not	O
affect	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
's	O
writing	O
Local	B-Operating_System
Shared	I-Operating_System
Objects	I-Operating_System
to	O
its	O
own	O
cache	O
in	O
version	O
10.2	O
and	O
earlier	O
,	O
at	O
which	O
point	O
the	O
user	O
community	O
was	O
much	O
less	O
aware	O
of	O
the	O
existence	O
and	O
function	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
cookies	I-Operating_System
than	O
HTTP	B-Application
cookies	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
users	O
with	O
those	O
versions	O
,	O
having	O
deleted	O
HTTP	B-Application
cookies	I-Application
and	O
purged	O
browser	B-Application
history	O
files	O
and	O
caches	O
,	O
may	O
believe	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
purged	O
all	O
tracking	O
data	O
from	O
their	O
computers	O
when	O
in	O
fact	O
Flash	O
browsing	O
history	O
remains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
's	O
own	O
Flash	O
,	O
a	O
submenu	O
of	O
Adobe	O
's	O
Flash	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
editors	O
and	O
toolkits	O
can	O
manage	O
settings	O
for	O
and	O
delete	O
Flash	O
Local	B-Operating_System
Shared	I-Operating_System
Objects	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
