<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Integrated	I-Operating_System
Runtime	I-Operating_System
and	O
codenamed	O
Apollo	B-Operating_System
)	O
is	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
runtime	B-Device
system	I-Device
currently	O
developed	O
by	O
Harman	O
International	O
,	O
in	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Adobe	O
Inc.	O
,	O
for	O
building	O
desktop	B-Application
applications	I-Application
and	O
mobile	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
programmed	O
using	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
optionally	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
runtime	O
supports	O
installable	O
applications	O
on	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
macOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
BlackBerry	B-Application
Tablet	I-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
is	O
a	O
runtime	B-Device
environment	I-Device
that	O
allows	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Animate	I-Operating_System
content	O
and	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
coders	O
to	O
construct	O
applications	O
and	O
video	O
games	B-Protocol
that	O
run	O
as	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
executable	O
and	O
behave	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
native	O
application	O
on	O
supported	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
HTML5	B-Application
application	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
does	O
not	O
require	O
installation	O
,	O
while	O
AIR	O
applications	O
require	O
installation	O
from	O
an	O
installer	O
file	O
(	O
Windows	B-Application
and	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
)	O
or	O
the	O
appropriate	O
App	B-Application
Store	I-Application
(	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
applications	O
have	O
unrestricted	O
access	O
to	O
local	O
storage	O
and	O
file	B-Application
systems	I-Application
,	O
while	O
browser-based	B-Application
applications	O
only	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
individual	O
files	O
selected	O
by	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
internally	O
uses	O
a	O
shared	O
codebase	O
with	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
rendering	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
and	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
as	O
the	O
primary	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
must	O
specifically	O
be	O
built	O
for	O
AIR	O
to	O
use	O
additional	O
features	O
provided	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
multi-touch	B-Application
,	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
integration	O
,	O
native	O
client	O
extensions	O
,	O
integration	O
with	O
Taskbar	O
or	O
Dock	O
,	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
accelerometer	O
and	O
GPS	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTML5	B-Application
applications	O
may	O
run	O
on	O
the	O
WebKit	B-Language
engine	B-Protocol
included	O
in	O
AIR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notable	O
applications	O
built	O
with	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
include	O
eBay	B-Application
Desktop	O
,	O
Pandora	B-Application
One	I-Application
desktop	O
,	O
TweetDeck	B-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
former	O
Adobe	O
Media	O
Player	O
,	O
Angry	B-Application
Birds	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Machinarium	B-Application
,	O
among	O
other	O
multimedia	O
and	O
task	O
management	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
was	O
voted	O
as	O
the	O
Best	O
Mobile	B-Application
Application	I-Application
Development	O
product	O
at	O
the	O
Consumer	O
Electronics	O
Show	O
for	O
two	O
consecutive	O
years	O
(	O
CES	O
2014	O
and	O
CES	O
2015	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
Adobe	O
announced	O
it	O
would	O
begin	O
transitioning	O
ongoing	O
support	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
to	O
Harman	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
AIR	O
,	O
developers	O
can	O
access	O
functionality	O
including	O
text	B-General_Concept
,	O
vector	O
graphics	O
,	O
raster	B-Algorithm
graphics	I-Algorithm
,	O
video	O
,	O
audio	O
,	O
camera	B-Device
,	O
and	O
microphone	B-Application
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
also	O
includes	O
additional	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
integration	O
,	O
native	O
client	O
extensions	O
,	O
desktop	O
integration	O
and	O
access	O
to	O
connected	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
enables	O
applications	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
data	O
in	O
different	O
ways	O
,	O
including	O
using	O
local	O
files	O
,	O
local	O
SQLite	B-Language
databases	O
(	O
for	O
which	O
AIR	O
has	O
built-in	O
support	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
database	O
server	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
encrypted	O
local	O
store	O
included	O
with	O
AIR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Window	B-Application
management	I-Application
–	O
Opening	O
multiple	O
windows	B-Application
,	O
minimizing	O
,	O
maximizing	O
and	O
resizing	O
AIR	O
windows	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Menu	O
bar	O
–	O
Adding	O
a	O
native	O
menu	O
bar	O
to	O
AIR	O
windows	B-Application
,	O
with	O
sub	O
menus	O
and	O
custom	O
menu	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	B-Application
management	I-Application
–	O
Discovering	O
drives	O
,	O
files	O
and	O
folders	O
on	O
the	O
PC	O
,	O
creating	O
and	O
deleting	O
files	O
,	O
renaming	O
,	O
copying	O
and	O
moving	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Console	B-Device
applications	I-Device
–	O
Executing	O
native	O
applications	O
with	O
command-line	B-Application
arguments	O
,	O
and	O
receiving	O
feedback	O
via	O
standard	O
I/O	O
&	O
error	O
streams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multithreading	B-General_Concept
–	O
Managing	O
multiple	O
threads	O
,	O
to	O
execute	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
code	O
in	O
the	O
background	O
without	O
freezing	O
the	O
user	O
interface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
–	O
View	O
HTML	O
web	O
pages	O
with	O
full	O
CSS	O
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
support	O
within	O
applications	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
integrated	O
WebKit-based	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clipboard	O
access	O
–	O
Programmatically	O
copy	O
or	O
paste	O
text	B-General_Concept
,	O
bitmaps	O
or	O
files	O
into	O
the	O
system	O
clipboard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Drag-and-drop	O
–	O
Allows	O
users	O
to	O
drag	O
text	B-General_Concept
,	O
bitmaps	O
or	O
files	O
into	O
AIR	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
platforms	I-Operating_System
,	O
AIR	O
supports	O
many	O
mobile	O
hardware	O
features	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
Gamepad	O
-	O
allows	O
mobile	B-Application
applications	I-Application
to	O
serve	O
as	O
secondary	O
displays	O
and	O
controllers	O
for	O
games	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
allowed	O
AIR	O
apps	O
access	O
to	O
GPUs	O
for	O
hardware	B-General_Concept
acceleration	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
third-party	O
frameworks	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
build	O
upon	O
the	O
functionality	O
of	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
,	O
including	O
the	O
Starling	B-Language
Framework	I-Language
and	O
Away3D	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Native	O
extensions	O
are	O
plug-in	O
code	O
libraries	O
that	O
contain	O
native	O
code	O
wrapped	O
with	O
an	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
API	O
,	O
allowing	O
developers	O
to	O
access	O
native	O
features	O
not	O
otherwise	O
usable	O
in	O
AIR	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Apple	O
Game	O
Center	O
or	O
Google	O
Cloud	O
Messaging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
C++	B-Language
for	O
Windows	B-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
Objective-C	B-Language
for	O
iOS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
is	O
a	O
cross-platform	B-Operating_System
technology	O
and	O
AIR	O
applications	O
can	O
be	O
repackaged	O
with	O
few	O
or	O
no	O
changes	O
for	O
many	O
popular	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
platforms	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2009	O
,	O
Adobe	O
claimed	O
that	O
there	O
were	O
over	O
100	O
million	O
installations	O
of	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
worldwide	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
AIR	O
runtime	O
installations	O
occur	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
first	O
AIR	O
application	O
is	O
installed	O
by	O
a	O
user	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
,	O
version	O
32	O
,	O
contains	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
32	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
Windows	B-Device
7	I-Device
and	O
later	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
OS	B-Application
X	I-Application
10.9	O
and	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Desktop	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	O
were	O
available	O
until	O
June	O
2011	O
with	O
version	O
2.6	O
,	O
which	O
ended	O
Linux	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
applications	O
can	O
be	O
published	O
as	O
native	O
phone	B-Application
applications	I-Application
on	O
certain	O
mobile	B-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
,	O
such	O
as	O
Android	B-Application
(	O
ARM	B-Application
Cortex-A8	I-Application
and	O
above	O
)	O
and	O
Apple	O
iOS	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Adobe	O
stopped	O
releasing	O
AIR	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
app	O
was	O
eventually	O
removed	O
from	O
the	O
Play	O
Store	O
in	O
September	O
2018	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
can	O
still	O
be	O
downloaded	O
through	O
their	O
website	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
Adobe	O
's	O
transition	O
of	O
AIR	O
to	O
Harman	O
,	O
they	O
resumed	O
support	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
the	O
latest	O
version	O
is	O
only	O
available	O
there	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
table	O
explains	O
to	O
what	O
extent	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
can	O
run	O
on	O
various	B-Operating_System
mobile	I-Operating_System
operating	I-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
Operating	O
system	O
Prerequisites	O
Latest	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
AIR	O
Framework	O
Android	B-Application
Android	B-Application
2.3	O
+	O
,	O
ARM	B-Application
Cortex-A8	I-Application
+	O
or	O
Android	B-Application
x86	O
AIR	O
3.6.0.597	O
(	O
uses	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.6	O
)	O
Option	O
1	O
:	O
The	O
AIR	O
player	O
can	O
be	O
embedded	O
as	O
a	O
'	O
captive	O
 '	O
runtime	O
,	O
which	O
increases	O
APK	B-Application
size	O
but	O
makes	O
the	O
application	O
standalone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
iOS	B-Application
iOS	B-Application
4.3	O
or	O
later	O
AIR	O
3.6.0.597	O
(	O
uses	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.6	O
)	O
Not	O
applicable	O
:	O
each	O
app	O
includes	O
its	O
own	O
'	O
captive	O
 '	O
runtime	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Application
Tablet	I-Application
OS	I-Application
None	O
AIR	O
3.1	O
(	O
uses	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.1	O
)	O
Announcing	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11	O
and	O
AIR	O
3	O
,	O
Adobe	O
Flash	O
Platform	O
Blog	O
Retrieved	O
on	O
September	O
19	O
,	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BlackBerry	B-Application
10	I-Application
Blackberry	O
10.2	O
and	O
lower	O
(	O
no	O
longer	O
supported	O
from	O
10.3	O
)	O
AIR	O
3.5	O
(	O
uses	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.1	O
)	O
Already	O
pre-installed	O
on	O
each	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
runs	O
applications	O
within	O
a	O
contained	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
runs	O
web	B-Application
applications	I-Application
via	O
WebKit	B-Language
rendering	B-Protocol
engine	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multiple	O
instances	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
can	O
be	O
started	O
within	O
a	O
single	O
AIR	O
application	O
,	O
but	O
JavaScript	B-Language
content	O
executes	O
with	O
some	O
security	O
limitations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
does	O
not	O
provide	O
direct	O
access	O
to	O
native	O
GUI	B-Application
elements	O
such	O
as	O
navigation	O
bars	O
or	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
AIR	O
SDK	B-Application
is	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
free	O
standalone	O
download	O
for	O
software	O
developers	O
to	O
make	O
AIR	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SDK	B-Application
users	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
to	O
install	O
any	O
commercial	O
software	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
SDK	B-Application
,	O
although	O
several	O
options	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
apps	O
can	O
be	O
compiled	O
from	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
using	O
the	O
AIR	O
compiler	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
SDK	B-Application
;	O
the	O
compiler	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
called	O
from	O
an	O
IDE	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
command	B-Application
line	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
is	O
an	O
integrated	O
collection	O
of	O
stylable	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
,	O
data	O
manipulation	O
and	O
networking	O
components	O
,	O
and	O
applications	O
built	O
upon	O
it	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Flex	O
"	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flex	O
GUIs	B-Application
are	O
defined	O
in	O
MXML	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
how	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Visual	I-Application
Studio	I-Application
define	O
GUIs	B-Application
;	O
however	O
,	O
Flex	O
does	O
not	O
give	O
access	O
to	O
native	O
GUI	B-Application
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
applications	O
built	O
without	O
the	O
Flex	O
framework	O
allow	O
greater	O
flexibility	O
and	O
performance	O
,	O
and	O
are	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
pure	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
"	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
games	B-Protocol
built	O
on	O
the	O
AIR	O
platform	O
are	O
typically	O
pure-Actionscript	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
open-source	O
component	O
frameworks	O
are	O
available	O
for	O
pure	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
projects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
MadComponents	O
,	O
that	O
provide	O
UI	O
Components	O
at	O
significantly	O
smaller	O
SWF	O
file	O
sizes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
distributes	O
three	O
commercial	O
software	O
products	O
for	O
developing	O
of	O
AIR	O
applications	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
:	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
a	O
free	O
IDE	O
built	O
with	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
and	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Air	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
,	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
,	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Royale	I-Operating_System
and	O
Feathers	O
projects	O
from	O
Moonshine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Application
Flash	I-Application
Builder	I-Application
is	O
the	O
premium	O
tool	O
for	O
Flex	O
application	O
development	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
includes	O
an	O
integrated	O
drag-and-drop	O
user	O
interface	O
builder	O
,	O
not	O
found	O
in	O
competing	O
tools	O
like	O
FlashDevelop	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
provides	O
for	O
AIR	O
,	O
HTML5	B-Application
and	O
JavaScript	B-Language
development	O
with	O
Adobe	B-Language
Dreamweaver	I-Language
CS5	O
,	O
although	O
any	O
other	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
editor	I-General_Concept
or	O
text	B-General_Concept
editor	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AIR	O
can	O
run	O
a	O
subset	O
of	O
JavaScript	B-Language
,	O
with	O
no	O
ability	O
to	O
dynamically	O
execute	O
code	O
when	O
running	O
in	O
the	O
application	O
sandbox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
this	O
restriction	O
,	O
JavaScript	B-Language
frameworks	O
that	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
dynamic	O
JavaScript	B-Language
functions	O
like	O
eval( )	O
were	O
not	O
initially	O
compatible	O
with	O
AIR	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
several	O
frameworks	O
including	O
Dojo	B-General_Concept
Toolkit	I-General_Concept
,	O
jQuery	B-Language
,	O
and	O
ExtJS	B-Language
were	O
updated	O
to	O
run	O
in	O
AIR	O
's	O
application	O
sandbox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
frameworks	O
like	O
MooTools	B-Language
were	O
already	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dreamweaver	B-Language
CS4/CS3	O
requires	O
an	O
additional	O
extension	O
to	O
compile	O
AIR	O
applications	O
,	O
as	O
does	O
Flash	O
CS3	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
an	O
update	O
.	O
</s>
