<s>
Adept	B-Language
is	O
a	O
combined	O
automatic	B-Algorithm
differentiation	I-Algorithm
and	O
array	B-Application
software	B-Library
library	I-Library
for	O
the	O
C++	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
automatic	B-Algorithm
differentiation	I-Algorithm
capability	O
facilitates	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
applications	O
involving	O
mathematical	O
optimization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adept	B-Language
is	O
notable	O
for	O
having	O
applied	O
the	O
template	B-Language
metaprogramming	I-Language
technique	O
of	O
expression	B-Application
templates	I-Application
to	O
speed-up	O
the	O
differentiation	O
of	O
mathematical	O
statements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
the	O
efficient	O
way	O
that	O
it	O
stores	O
the	O
differential	O
information	O
,	O
this	O
makes	O
it	O
significantly	O
faster	O
than	O
most	O
other	O
C++	B-Language
tools	O
that	O
provide	O
similar	O
functionality	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
ADOL-C	O
,	O
CppAD	O
and	O
FADBAD	O
)	O
,	O
although	O
comparable	O
performance	O
has	O
been	O
reported	O
for	O
Stan	B-Application
and	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
Sacado	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Differentiation	O
may	O
be	O
in	O
forward	O
mode	O
,	O
reverse	O
mode	O
(	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
a	O
Quasi-Newton	B-Algorithm
minimization	O
scheme	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
full	O
Jacobian	O
matrix	O
may	O
be	O
computed	O
(	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
the	O
Levenberg-Marquardt	B-Algorithm
or	O
Gauss-Newton	B-Algorithm
minimization	O
schemes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
of	O
Adept	B-Language
have	O
included	O
financial	O
modeling	O
,	O
computational	O
fluid	O
dynamics	O
,	O
physical	O
chemistry	O
,	O
parameter	O
estimation	O
and	O
meteorology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adept	B-Language
is	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
distributed	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	B-Application
License	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adept	B-Language
implements	O
automatic	B-Algorithm
differentiation	I-Algorithm
using	O
an	O
operator	O
overloading	O
approach	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
scalars	O
to	O
be	O
differentiated	O
are	O
written	O
as	O
adouble	O
,	O
indicating	O
an	O
"	O
active	O
"	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
normal	O
double	O
,	O
and	O
vectors	O
to	O
be	O
differentiated	O
are	O
written	O
as	O
aVector	O
.	O
</s>
