<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
adaptive	B-Application
teaching	I-Application
,	O
is	O
an	O
educational	B-Architecture
method	I-Architecture
which	O
uses	O
computer	O
algorithms	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
to	O
orchestrate	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
learner	O
and	O
deliver	O
customized	O
resources	O
and	O
learning	O
activities	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
unique	O
needs	O
of	O
each	O
learner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technology	O
encompasses	O
aspects	O
derived	O
from	O
various	O
fields	O
of	O
study	O
including	O
computer	O
science	O
,	O
AI	B-Application
,	O
psychometrics	O
,	O
education	O
,	O
psychology	O
,	O
and	O
brain	O
science	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
has	O
been	O
partially	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
realization	O
that	O
tailored	O
learning	O
cannot	O
be	O
achieved	O
on	O
a	O
large-scale	O
using	O
traditional	O
,	O
non-adaptive	O
approaches	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
systems	O
endeavor	O
to	O
transform	O
the	O
learner	O
from	O
passive	O
receptor	O
of	O
information	O
to	O
collaborator	O
in	O
the	O
educational	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
systems	O
 '	O
primary	O
application	O
is	O
in	O
education	O
,	O
but	O
another	O
popular	O
application	O
is	O
business	O
training	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
or	O
intelligent	O
tutoring	O
has	O
its	O
origins	O
in	O
the	O
artificial-intelligence	B-Application
movement	O
and	O
began	O
gaining	O
popularity	O
in	O
the	O
1970s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
,	O
the	O
basic	O
premise	O
is	O
that	O
the	O
tool	O
or	O
system	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
adjust	O
to	O
the	O
student/user	O
'	O
s	O
learning	O
method	O
,	O
which	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
better	O
and	O
more	O
effective	O
learning	O
experience	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
work	O
on	O
adaptive	O
and	O
intelligent	O
learning	O
systems	O
is	O
usually	O
traced	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
SCHOLAR	O
system	O
that	O
offered	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
for	O
the	O
topic	O
of	O
geography	O
of	O
South	O
America	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
good	O
account	O
of	O
the	O
early	O
work	O
on	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
and	O
intelligent	O
tutoring	O
systems	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
classic	O
book	O
"	O
Intelligent	O
Tutoring	O
Systems	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
systems	O
have	O
traditionally	O
been	O
divided	O
into	O
separate	O
components	O
or	O
'	O
models	O
 '	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
systems	O
which	O
do	O
not	O
include	O
an	O
expert	O
model	O
will	O
typically	O
incorporate	O
these	O
functions	O
in	O
the	O
instructional	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
learning	B-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
have	O
incorporated	O
various	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
features	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
learning	B-Application
management	I-Application
system	I-Application
(	O
LMS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
software	O
application	O
for	O
the	O
administration	O
,	O
documentation	O
,	O
tracking	O
,	O
reporting	O
and	O
delivery	O
of	O
educational	O
courses	O
,	O
training	O
programs	O
,	O
or	O
learning	O
and	O
development	O
programs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
systems	O
have	O
previously	O
been	O
used	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
to	O
help	O
students	O
develop	O
their	O
argumentative	O
writing	O
performance	O
(	O
Argument	B-Algorithm
Mining	I-Algorithm
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
systems	O
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
the	O
Internet	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
distance	O
learning	O
and	O
group	O
collaboration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
field	O
of	O
distance	O
learning	O
is	O
now	O
incorporating	O
aspects	O
of	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
systems	O
without	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
were	O
able	O
to	O
provide	O
automated	O
feedback	O
to	O
students	O
who	O
are	O
presented	O
questions	O
from	O
a	O
preselected	O
question	O
bank	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Current	O
trends	O
in	O
distance	O
learning	O
call	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
to	O
implement	O
intelligent	O
dynamic	O
behavior	O
in	O
the	O
learning	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
current	O
successful	O
implementation	O
of	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
in	O
web-based	O
distance	O
learning	O
is	O
the	O
Maple	O
engine	O
of	O
WebLearn	O
by	O
RMIT	O
university	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
can	O
be	O
incorporated	O
to	O
facilitate	O
group	O
collaboration	O
within	O
distance	O
learning	O
environments	O
like	O
forums	O
or	O
resource	O
sharing	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
examples	O
of	O
how	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
can	O
help	O
with	O
collaboration	O
include	O
automated	O
grouping	O
of	O
users	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
interests	O
,	O
and	O
personalization	O
of	O
links	O
to	O
information	O
sources	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
stated	O
interests	O
or	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
surfing	O
habits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2014	O
,	O
an	O
educational	O
researcher	O
concluded	O
a	O
multi-year	O
study	O
of	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
for	O
educational	O
game	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
research	O
developed	O
and	O
validated	O
the	O
ALGAE	O
(	O
Adaptive	B-Application
Learning	I-Application
GAme	O
dEsign	O
)	O
model	O
,	O
a	O
comprehensive	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
model	O
based	O
on	O
game	O
design	O
theories	O
and	O
practices	O
,	O
instructional	O
strategies	O
,	O
and	O
adaptive	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
research	O
extended	O
previous	O
researching	O
in	O
game	O
design	O
,	O
instructional	O
strategies	O
,	O
and	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
,	O
combining	O
those	O
three	O
components	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
complex	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
now	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
guideline	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
educational	B-Application
computer	I-Application
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
adaptive	B-Application
learning	I-Application
features	O
are	O
often	O
mentioned	O
in	O
the	O
marketing	O
materials	O
of	O
tools	O
,	O
the	O
range	O
of	O
adaptivity	O
can	O
be	O
dramatically	O
different	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
higher	O
end	O
tools	O
generally	O
have	O
no	O
underlying	O
navigation	O
as	O
they	O
tend	O
to	O
utilize	O
AI	B-Application
methods	O
such	O
as	O
an	O
inference	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
