<s>
An	O
adaptive	B-Algorithm
beamformer	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
performs	O
adaptive	O
spatial	O
signal	O
processing	O
with	O
an	O
array	O
of	O
transmitters	O
or	O
receivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adaptive	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
was	O
initially	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
1960s	O
for	O
the	O
military	O
applications	O
of	O
sonar	O
and	O
radar	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
exist	O
several	O
modern	O
applications	O
for	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
visible	O
applications	O
being	O
commercial	O
wireless	O
networks	O
such	O
as	O
LTE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initial	O
applications	O
of	O
adaptive	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
were	O
largely	O
focused	O
in	O
radar	B-Application
and	O
electronic	O
countermeasures	O
to	O
mitigate	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
signal	O
jamming	O
in	O
the	O
military	O
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Radar	B-Application
uses	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
here	O
Phased	B-Algorithm
array	I-Algorithm
radar	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
not	O
strictly	O
adaptive	O
,	O
these	O
radar	B-Application
applications	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
either	O
static	O
or	O
dynamic	O
(	O
scanning	O
)	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commercial	O
wireless	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
3GPP	O
Long	O
Term	O
Evolution	O
(	O
LTE	O
(	O
telecommunication	O
)	O
)	O
and	O
IEEE	O
802.16	O
WiMax	O
rely	O
on	O
adaptive	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
to	O
enable	O
essential	O
services	O
within	O
each	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
adaptive	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
system	O
relies	O
on	O
principles	O
of	O
wave	O
propagation	O
and	O
phase	O
relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
Constructive	O
interference	O
,	O
and	O
Beamforming	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
adaptive	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
system	O
dynamically	O
adapts	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
maximize	O
or	O
minimize	O
a	O
desired	O
parameter	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Signal-to-interference-plus-noise	O
ratio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
ways	O
to	O
approach	O
the	O
beamforming	B-Algorithm
design	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
approach	O
was	O
implemented	O
by	O
maximizing	O
the	O
signal	O
to	O
noise	O
ratio	O
(	O
SNR	O
)	O
by	O
Applebaum	O
1965	O
.	O
</s>
