<s>
An	O
area	O
of	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
is	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
,	O
sometimes	O
also	O
called	O
active	B-General_Concept
computer	I-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
system	O
is	O
one	O
that	O
can	O
manipulate	O
the	O
viewpoint	O
of	O
the	O
camera(s )	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
investigate	O
the	O
environment	O
and	O
get	O
better	O
information	O
from	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
introduced	O
the	O
first	O
general	O
framework	O
for	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
in	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
perceptual	O
quality	O
of	O
tracking	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
is	O
particularly	O
important	O
to	O
cope	O
with	O
problems	O
like	O
occlusions	O
,	O
limited	O
field	O
of	O
view	O
and	O
limited	O
resolution	O
of	O
the	O
camera	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
selective	O
aspect	O
,	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
strictly	O
related	O
to	O
(	O
overt	O
&	O
covert	O
)	O
visual	O
attention	O
in	O
biological	O
organisms	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
shown	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
perception	O
of	O
selected	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
visual	O
field	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Controlled	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
defined	O
as	O
a	O
controlled	O
motion	O
of	O
a	O
vision	O
sensor	O
can	O
maximize	O
the	O
performance	O
of	O
any	O
robotic	O
algorithm	O
that	O
involves	O
a	O
moving	O
vision	O
sensor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Algorithms	O
that	O
incorporate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
multiple	O
windows	O
and	O
numerically	O
stable	O
confidence	O
measures	O
are	O
combined	O
with	O
stochastic	O
controllers	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
satisfactory	O
solution	O
to	O
the	O
tracking	O
problem	O
introduced	O
by	O
combining	O
computer	B-Application
vision	I-Application
and	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
above	O
information	O
and	O
further	O
mathematical	O
representations	O
of	O
controlled	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
the	O
thesis	O
of	O
Nikolaos	O
Papanikolopoulos	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Examples	O
of	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
systems	O
usually	O
involve	O
a	O
robot	O
mounted	O
camera	O
,	O
but	O
other	O
systems	O
have	O
employed	O
human	O
operator-mounted	O
cameras	O
(	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
include	O
automatic	O
surveillance	O
,	O
human	O
robot	O
interaction	O
,	O
SLAM	B-Application
,	O
route	O
planning	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
good	O
example	O
of	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
seen	O
in	O
this	O
YouTube	O
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
shows	O
face	O
tracking	O
using	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
with	O
a	O
pan-tilt	O
camera	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-General_Concept
Vision	I-General_Concept
is	O
also	O
important	O
to	O
understand	O
how	O
humans	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
controllable	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
framework	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
different	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Interactive	O
MRI	O
segmentation	O
uses	O
controllable	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
by	O
using	O
a	O
Lyapanov	O
control	O
design	O
to	O
establish	O
a	O
balance	O
between	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
a	O
data-driven	O
gradient	O
flow	O
and	O
the	O
human	O
’s	O
input	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Controllable	O
active	B-General_Concept
vision	I-General_Concept
methods	O
described	O
in	O
the	O
cited	O
paper	O
could	O
help	O
improve	O
the	O
process	O
while	O
relying	O
on	O
the	O
human	O
less	O
.	O
</s>
