<s>
Active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
communication	O
pattern	O
that	O
allows	O
packets	O
flowing	O
through	O
a	O
telecommunications	O
network	O
to	O
dynamically	O
modify	O
the	O
operation	O
of	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
architecture	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
execution	O
environments	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
a	O
unix	B-Application
shell	I-Application
that	O
can	O
execute	O
active	O
packets	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
node	B-Protocol
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
capable	O
of	O
supporting	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
execution	O
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	B-General_Concept
processors	I-General_Concept
are	O
one	O
means	O
of	O
implementing	O
active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
concepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
have	O
also	O
been	O
implemented	O
as	O
overlay	B-Architecture
networks	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
allows	O
the	O
possibility	O
of	O
highly	O
tailored	O
and	O
rapid	O
"	O
real-time	O
"	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
underlying	O
network	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
real-time	O
genetic	B-Algorithm
algorithms	I-Algorithm
within	O
the	O
network	O
to	O
compose	O
network	O
services	O
is	O
also	O
enabled	O
by	O
active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
relates	O
to	O
other	O
networking	O
paradigms	O
primarily	O
based	O
upon	O
how	O
computing	O
and	O
communication	O
are	O
partitioned	O
in	O
the	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
is	O
an	O
approach	O
to	O
network	O
architecture	O
with	O
in-network	O
programmability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
research	O
addresses	O
the	O
nature	O
of	O
how	O
best	O
to	O
incorporate	O
extremely	O
dynamic	O
capability	O
within	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
do	O
this	O
,	O
active	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
research	O
must	O
address	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
optimally	O
allocating	O
computation	O
versus	O
communication	O
within	O
communication	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
challenges	O
of	O
active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
has	O
been	O
the	O
inability	O
of	O
information	O
theory	O
to	O
mathematically	O
model	O
the	O
active	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
paradigm	O
and	O
enable	O
active	B-Architecture
network	I-Architecture
engineering	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
limit	O
in	O
reduction	O
of	O
transistor	O
size	O
is	O
reached	O
with	O
current	O
technology	O
,	O
active	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
concepts	O
are	O
being	O
explored	O
as	O
a	O
more	O
efficient	O
means	O
accomplishing	O
computation	O
and	O
communication.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx1	O
``NANA	O
:	O
A	O
Nanoscale	O
Active	B-Architecture
Network	I-Architecture
Architecture	O
by	O
Patwardhan	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
P.	O
;	O
Dwyer	O
,	O
C	O
.	O
L.	O
;	O
Lebeck	O
,	O
A	O
.	O
R	O
.	O
&	O
Sorin	O
,	O
D	O
.	O
J.	O
,	O
ACM	O
Journal	O
on	O
Emerging	O
Technologies	O
in	O
Computing	O
Systems	O
(	O
JETC	O
)	O
,	O
ACM	O
Journal	O
on	O
Emerging	O
Technologies	O
in	O
Computing	O
Systems	O
)	O
Vol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
1	O
,	O
Pages	O
1	O
–	O
30	O
,	O
January	O
2006	O
,	O
3	O
,	O
1	O
–	O
31.	O
<	O
/ref	O
>Nanoscale	O
Communication	O
Networks	O
,	O
Bush	O
,	O
S	O
.	O
F.	O
,	O
,	O
Artech	O
House	O
,	O
2010	O
https://www.amazon.com/Nanoscale-Communication-Networks-Stephen-Bush/dp/1608070034	O
More	O
on	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
found	O
in	O
nanoscale	B-General_Concept
networking	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Active	B-Architecture
Networks	I-Architecture
and	O
Active	B-Architecture
Network	I-Architecture
Management	O
:	O
A	O
Proactive	O
Management	O
Framework	O
by	O
Stephen	O
F	O
.	O
Bush	O
and	O
Amit	O
Kulkarni	O
,	O
Kluwer	O
Academic/Plenum	O
Publishers	O
,	O
New	O
York	O
,	O
Boston	O
,	O
Dordrecht	O
,	O
London	O
,	O
Moscow	O
,	O
2001	O
,	O
196	O
pp	O
.	O
</s>
