<s>
An	O
active-matrix	B-Device
liquid-crystal	I-Device
display	I-Device
(	O
AMLCD	B-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
flat-panel	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
used	O
in	O
high-resolution	O
TVs	B-Operating_System
,	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
notebook	B-Device
computers	I-Device
,	O
tablet	B-Device
computers	I-Device
and	O
smartphones	B-Application
with	O
an	O
LCD	B-Device
screen	I-Device
,	O
due	O
to	O
low	O
weight	O
,	O
very	O
good	O
image	O
quality	O
,	O
wide	O
color	O
gamut	O
and	O
fast	O
response	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
concept	O
of	O
active-matrix	B-Device
LCDs	I-Device
was	O
proposed	O
by	O
Bernard	O
J	O
.	O
Lechner	O
at	O
the	O
RCA	O
Laboratories	O
in	O
1968	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
functional	O
AMLCD	B-Device
with	O
thin-film	O
transistors	O
was	O
made	O
by	O
T	O
.	O
Peter	O
Brody	O
,	O
Fang-Chen	O
Luo	O
and	O
their	O
team	O
at	O
Westinghouse	O
Electric	O
Corporation	O
in	O
1972	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
type	O
of	O
AMLCD	B-Device
contains	O
,	O
besides	O
the	O
polarizing	O
sheets	O
and	O
cells	O
of	O
liquid	B-Device
crystal	I-Device
,	O
a	O
matrix	O
of	O
thin-film	O
transistors	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
thin-film-transistor	B-Device
liquid-crystal	I-Device
display	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
devices	O
store	O
the	O
electrical	O
state	O
of	O
each	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
on	O
the	O
display	O
while	O
all	O
the	O
other	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
are	O
being	O
updated	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
method	O
provides	O
a	O
much	O
brighter	O
,	O
sharper	O
display	O
than	O
a	O
passive	B-Device
matrix	I-Device
of	O
the	O
same	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thin-film	O
transistors	O
are	O
usually	O
used	O
for	O
constructing	O
an	O
active	B-General_Concept
matrix	I-General_Concept
so	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
terms	O
are	O
often	O
interchanged	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
a	O
thin-film	O
transistor	O
is	O
just	O
one	O
component	O
in	O
an	O
active	B-General_Concept
matrix	I-General_Concept
and	O
some	O
active-matrix	B-General_Concept
designs	O
have	O
used	O
other	O
components	O
such	O
as	O
diodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Whereas	O
a	O
passive	B-Device
matrix	I-Device
display	O
uses	O
a	O
simple	O
conductive	O
grid	O
to	O
apply	O
a	O
voltage	O
to	O
the	O
liquid	B-Device
crystals	I-Device
in	O
the	O
target	O
area	O
,	O
an	O
active-matrix	B-General_Concept
display	O
uses	O
a	O
grid	O
of	O
transistors	O
and	O
capacitors	O
with	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
hold	O
a	O
charge	O
for	O
a	O
limited	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
switching	O
action	O
of	O
transistors	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
desired	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
receives	O
a	O
charge	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
pixel	B-Algorithm
acts	O
as	O
a	O
capacitor	O
to	O
hold	O
the	O
charge	O
until	O
the	O
next	O
refresh	O
cycle	O
,	O
improving	O
image	O
quality	O
over	O
a	O
passive	B-Device
matrix	I-Device
.	O
</s>
