<s>
An	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
pulse	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
mathematically	O
and	O
experimentally	O
correct	O
Synchronized	O
Oscillating	O
Lipid	O
Pulse	O
coupled	O
with	O
an	O
Action	B-Algorithm
Potential	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
</s>
<s>
The	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
pulse	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
speed	O
an	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
that	O
is	O
dynamically	O
dependent	O
upon	O
the	O
position	O
and	O
number	O
of	O
ion	O
channels	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
shape	O
and	O
make	O
up	O
of	O
the	O
axon	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
pulse	I-Algorithm
model	O
takes	O
into	O
account	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
and	O
the	O
conduction	O
speed	O
of	O
the	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
along	O
an	O
axon	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Investigation	O
into	O
the	O
membranes	O
of	O
axons	B-Algorithm
have	O
shown	O
that	O
the	O
spaces	O
in	O
between	O
the	O
channels	O
are	O
sufficiently	O
large	O
,	O
such	O
that	O
cable	O
theory	O
cannot	O
apply	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
because	O
it	O
depends	O
upon	O
the	O
capacitance	O
potential	O
of	O
a	O
membrane	O
to	O
be	O
transferred	O
almost	O
instantly	O
to	O
other	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
membrane	O
surface	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
mathematically	O
impossible	O
for	O
these	O
positive	O
ions	O
to	O
move	O
from	O
one	O
channel	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
time	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
flow	O
model	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
instigated	O
depolarization	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
measurements	O
have	O
long	O
demonstrated	O
that	O
an	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
's	O
flow	O
starts	O
with	O
a	O
large	O
increase	O
in	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
followed	O
by	O
a	O
steadily	O
decreasing	O
state	O
,	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
match	O
the	O
Hodgkin	O
Huxley	O
theory	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
a	O
soliton	O
pulse	O
is	O
known	O
to	O
flow	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
rate	O
and	O
follow	O
the	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
</s>
<s>
From	O
measurements	O
of	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
an	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
,	O
hyperpolarization	O
must	O
have	O
a	O
further	O
component	O
of	O
which	O
the	O
'	O
soliton	O
 '	O
mechanical	O
pulse	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
candidate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
resulting	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
pulse	I-Algorithm
therefore	O
is	O
a	O
synchronized	O
,	O
coupled	O
pulse	O
with	O
the	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
from	O
depolarization	O
at	O
one	O
channel	O
providing	O
sufficient	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
for	O
a	O
pulse	O
to	O
travel	O
to	O
sequential	O
channels	O
and	O
mechanically	O
open	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
mechanism	O
explains	O
the	O
speed	O
of	O
transmission	O
through	O
both	O
myelinated	O
and	O
unmyelinated	O
axons	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
timed	O
pulse	O
,	O
that	O
combines	O
the	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
from	O
ion	O
transport	O
with	O
the	O
efficiency	O
of	O
a	O
flowing	O
pulse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
action	B-Algorithm
potential	I-Algorithm
pulse	I-Algorithm
model	O
has	O
many	O
advantages	O
over	O
the	O
simpler	O
Hodgkin	O
Huxley	O
version	O
including	O
evidence	O
,	O
efficiency	O
,	O
timing	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
measurements	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
explanation	O
of	O
nerve	B-Algorithm
impulse	I-Algorithm
flow	O
through	O
myelinated	O
axons	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
myelinated	O
axons	B-Algorithm
the	O
myelin	O
acts	O
as	O
a	O
mechanical	O
transducer	O
preserving	O
the	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
pulse	O
and	O
insulating	O
against	O
mechanical	O
loss	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
model	O
the	O
nodes	O
of	O
Ranvier	O
(	O
where	O
ion	O
channels	O
are	O
highly	O
concentrated	O
)	O
concentrate	O
the	O
ion	O
channels	O
providing	O
maximum	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
to	O
instigate	O
a	O
pulse	O
that	O
travels	O
from	O
node	O
to	O
node	O
along	O
the	O
axon	B-Algorithm
with	O
the	O
entropy	B-Algorithm
being	O
preserved	O
by	O
the	O
shape	O
and	O
dynamics	O
of	O
the	O
myelin	O
sheath	O
.	O
</s>
