<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
is	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
Macromedia	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
later	O
acquired	O
by	O
Adobe	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
influenced	O
by	O
HyperTalk	B-Language
,	O
the	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
HyperCard	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
now	O
an	O
implementation	O
of	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
(	O
meaning	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
superset	O
of	O
the	O
syntax	O
and	O
semantics	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
more	O
widely	O
known	O
as	O
JavaScript	B-Language
)	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
originally	O
arose	O
as	O
a	O
sibling	O
,	O
both	O
being	O
influenced	O
by	O
HyperTalk	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
code	O
is	O
usually	O
converted	O
to	O
byte-code	O
format	O
by	O
the	O
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
is	O
used	O
primarily	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
websites	O
and	O
software	O
targeting	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
platform	I-Operating_System
,	O
originally	O
finding	O
use	O
on	O
web	O
pages	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
embedded	O
SWF	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
is	O
also	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
system	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
language	O
itself	O
is	O
open-source	O
in	O
that	O
its	O
specification	O
is	O
offered	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
and	O
both	O
an	O
open-source	O
compiler	O
(	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
)	O
and	O
open-source	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
(	O
Tamarin	B-Language
)	O
are	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
was	O
also	O
used	O
with	O
Scaleform	B-Application
GFx	I-Application
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
three-dimensional	O
video-game	O
user	O
interfaces	O
and	O
heads	B-Application
up	I-Application
displays	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
was	O
initially	O
designed	O
for	O
controlling	O
simple	O
two-dimensional	O
vector	O
animations	O
made	O
in	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
(	O
formerly	O
Macromedia	O
Flash	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
focused	O
on	O
animation	O
,	O
early	O
versions	O
of	O
Flash	O
content	O
offered	O
few	O
interactivity	O
features	O
,	O
thus	O
had	O
very	O
limited	O
scripting	B-Language
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
added	O
functionality	O
allowing	O
for	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
web-based	O
games	O
and	O
rich	B-Application
web	I-Application
applications	I-Application
with	O
streaming	O
media	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
video	O
and	O
audio	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
is	O
suitable	O
for	O
desktop	O
and	O
mobile	O
development	O
through	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
;	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
database	O
applications	O
and	O
in	O
basic	O
robotics	O
as	O
in	O
Make	O
Controller	O
Kit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
MX	I-Operating_System
2004	O
introduced	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
,	O
a	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
more	O
suited	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Flash	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Saving	O
time	O
is	O
often	O
possible	O
by	O
scripting	B-Language
something	O
rather	O
than	O
animating	O
it	O
,	O
which	O
usually	O
also	O
enables	O
a	O
higher	O
level	O
of	O
flexibility	O
when	O
editing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
arrival	O
of	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
alpha	O
(	O
in	O
2006	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
newer	O
version	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
has	O
been	O
released	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
is	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
compiled	O
and	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
that	O
has	O
been	O
itself	O
completely	O
rewritten	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
up	O
(	O
dubbed	O
AVM2	B-Language
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
this	O
,	O
code	O
written	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
is	O
generally	O
targeted	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
and	O
higher	O
,	O
and	O
will	O
not	O
work	O
in	O
previous	O
versions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
executes	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
legacy	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
code	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
just-in-time	O
compiler	O
enhancements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	O
libraries	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
XML	B-Protocol
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
browser	O
to	O
render	O
rich	O
content	O
in	O
the	O
browser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
technology	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
Asynchronous	O
Flash	O
and	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
much	O
like	O
AJAX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	O
offers	O
its	O
Flex	O
product	O
line	O
to	O
meet	O
the	O
demand	O
for	O
rich	B-Application
web	I-Application
applications	I-Application
built	O
on	O
the	O
Flash	O
runtime	B-Device
,	O
with	O
behaviors	O
and	O
programming	O
done	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
forms	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
the	O
Flex	O
2	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
started	O
as	O
an	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
for	O
Macromedia	O
's	O
Flash	O
authoring	O
tool	O
,	O
later	O
developed	O
by	O
Adobe	O
Systems	O
as	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Flash	O
4	O
in	O
1999	O
,	O
this	O
simple	O
set	O
of	O
actions	O
became	O
a	O
small	O
scripting	B-Language
language	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
capabilities	O
introduced	O
for	O
Flash	O
4	O
included	O
variables	O
,	O
expressions	O
,	O
operators	O
,	O
if	B-Language
statements	I-Language
,	O
and	O
loops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
referred	O
to	O
internally	O
as	O
"	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
"	O
,	O
the	O
Flash	O
4	O
user	O
manual	O
and	O
marketing	O
documents	O
continued	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
actions	O
"	O
to	O
describe	O
this	O
set	O
of	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
2	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
version	O
with	O
scripting	B-Language
support	O
,	O
its	O
actions	O
included	O
gotoAndPlay	O
,	O
gotoAndStop	O
,	O
nextFrame	O
and	O
nextScene	O
for	O
timeline	O
control	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
3	O
:	O
Expanded	O
basic	O
scripting	B-Language
support	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
load	O
external	O
SWFs	O
(	O
loadMovie	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
4	O
:	O
The	O
first	O
player	O
with	O
a	O
full	O
scripting	B-Language
implementation	O
(	O
called	O
Actions	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
scripting	B-Language
was	O
a	O
Flash-based	O
syntax	O
and	O
contained	O
support	O
for	O
loops	O
,	O
conditionals	B-Language
,	O
variables	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
basic	O
language	O
constructs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
5	O
:	O
Included	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
it	O
used	O
prototype-based	B-Application
programming	I-Application
based	O
on	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
,	O
and	O
allowed	O
full	O
procedural	B-Application
programming	I-Application
and	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
added	O
an	O
event-handling	O
model	O
,	O
accessibility	O
controls	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
switch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
with	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
AMF	B-Protocol
and	O
RTMP	B-Operating_System
protocols	O
allowed	O
for	O
on	O
demand	O
audio/video	O
streaming	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
:	O
Additions	O
to	O
it	O
include	O
CSS	O
styling	O
for	O
text	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
,	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
4	O
Netscape	B-Protocol
Proposal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
with	O
class-based	B-Application
inheritance	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
can	O
cross	B-Application
compile	I-Application
to	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
byte-code	O
,	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
run	O
in	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
8	O
further	O
extended	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1/ActionScript	O
2	O
by	O
adding	O
new	O
class	O
libraries	O
with	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
for	O
controlling	O
bitmap	O
data	O
at	O
run-time	B-Library
,	O
file	O
uploads	O
,	O
and	O
live	O
filters	O
for	O
blur	O
and	O
dropshadow	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
(	O
initially	O
called	O
8.5	O
)	O
added	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
with	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
a	O
new	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
,	O
called	O
ActionScript	B-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
2	I-Language
(	O
AVM2	B-Language
)	O
,	O
which	O
coexists	O
with	O
the	O
previous	O
AVM1	O
needed	O
to	O
support	O
legacy	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
binary	O
sockets	O
,	O
E4X	B-Language
XML	B-Protocol
parsing	O
,	O
full-screen	O
mode	O
,	O
and	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
were	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
player	O
to	O
be	O
titled	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flash	I-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
10	O
(	O
initially	O
called	O
Astro	O
)	O
:	O
Added	O
basic	O
3D	O
manipulation	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
rotating	O
on	O
the	O
X	O
,	O
Y	O
,	O
and	O
Z	O
axis	O
,	O
a	O
3D	O
drawing	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
texture	O
mapping	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ability	O
to	O
create	O
custom	O
filters	O
using	O
Adobe	B-General_Concept
Pixel	I-General_Concept
Bender	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
visual	O
processing	O
tasks	O
are	O
now	O
offloaded	O
to	O
the	O
GPU	B-Architecture
which	O
gives	O
a	O
noticeable	O
decrease	O
to	O
rendering	O
time	O
for	O
each	O
frame	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
higher	O
frame	O
rates	O
,	O
especially	O
with	O
H.264	B-Application
video	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
a	O
new	O
sound	O
API	B-General_Concept
which	O
allows	O
for	O
custom	O
creation	O
of	O
audio	O
in	O
flash	O
,	O
something	O
that	O
has	O
never	O
been	O
possible	O
before	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Furthermore	O
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
10	O
supports	O
Peer	O
to	O
Peer	O
(	O
P2P	O
)	O
communication	O
with	O
Real	B-Application
Time	I-Application
Media	I-Application
Flow	I-Application
Protocol	I-Application
(	O
RTMFP	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11	O
:	O
The	O
major	O
addition	O
in	O
this	O
version	O
are	O
the	O
Stage3D-based	O
advanced	O
(	O
graphic	O
card	O
accelerated	O
)	O
3D	O
capabilities	O
for	O
Windows	O
Desktop	O
,	O
Mac	O
Desktop	O
,	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
Android	B-Application
,	O
and	O
other	O
major	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Significant	O
compatibility	O
improvements	O
have	O
been	O
added	O
for	O
the	O
iOS	B-Application
platform	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
non-desktop	O
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
features	O
include	O
H.264	B-Application
encoding	O
for	O
cameras	O
,	O
Native	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
support	O
,	O
Cubic	O
Bézier	O
Curves	O
,	O
a	O
secure	O
random	O
number	O
generator	O
,	O
LZMA	B-General_Concept
compression	O
for	O
swf	O
files	O
,	O
workers	O
to	O
offload	O
some	O
code	O
execution	O
to	O
other	O
processor	O
threads	O
,	O
graphics	O
card	O
accelerated	O
camera	O
feed	O
rendering	O
,	O
memory	O
intrinsics	O
and	O
performance	O
analysis	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
Compiler	O
2.0	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
some	O
other	O
minor	O
additions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.2	O
:	O
released	O
in	O
March	O
2012	O
,	O
focused	O
on	O
adding	O
features	O
that	O
are	O
key	O
for	O
the	O
gaming	O
and	O
video	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hardware-accelerated	O
graphics/Stage	O
3D	O
support	O
for	O
Apple	O
iOS	B-Application
and	O
Android	B-Application
via	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
Throttle	O
event	O
API	B-General_Concept
(	O
dispatches	O
event	O
when	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
throttles	O
,	O
pauses	O
,	O
or	O
resumes	O
content	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.3	O
:	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
focused	O
on	O
enabling	O
features	O
and	O
functionality	O
key	O
for	O
the	O
gaming	O
market	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
addressing	O
popular	O
feature	O
requests	O
from	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Protected	O
mode	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
in	O
Firefox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Expanded	O
information	O
about	O
GPU	B-Architecture
driver	O
details	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bitmap	O
draw	O
with	O
quality	O
API	B-General_Concept
(	O
new	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Release	O
outside	O
mouse	O
event	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
silent	O
update	O
support	O
for	O
Mac	O
OS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stylus	O
support	O
for	O
Android	B-Application
4.0	O
devices	O
(	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB	O
debugging	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
(	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
iOS	B-Application
simulator	O
support	O
(	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.4	O
:	O
Released	O
in	O
August	O
2012	O
,	O
it	O
focused	O
on	O
enabling	O
features	O
and	O
functionality	O
that	O
are	O
key	O
for	O
the	O
gaming	O
market	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
addressing	O
popular	O
feature	O
requests	O
from	O
developers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
in	O
this	O
release	O
include	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
workers	O
(	O
enables	O
concurrent	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
execution	O
on	O
separate	O
threads	O
)	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
advanced	O
profiling	O
,	O
LZMA	B-General_Concept
compression	O
support	O
for	O
ByteArray	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
hardware-accelerated	O
video	O
cards	O
for	O
Stage	O
3D	O
expanded	O
to	O
2006	O
,	O
improved	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
performance	O
when	O
targeting	O
Apple	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
performance	O
index	O
API	B-General_Concept
to	O
inform	O
about	O
performance	O
capabilities	O
of	O
current	O
environment	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
compressed	O
textures	O
with	O
alpha	O
support	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
StageVideo.attachCamera	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
push	O
notifications	O
for	O
iOS	B-Application
(	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.5	O
:	O
Released	O
in	O
November	O
2012	O
,	O
it	O
focused	O
on	O
performance	O
improvement	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
in	O
this	O
release	O
include	O
shared	O
ByteArray	O
support	O
for	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
workers	O
,	O
debug	O
stack	B-Language
trace	I-Language
in	O
release	O
builds	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
various	O
bug	O
fixes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.6	O
:	O
Released	O
in	O
March	O
2013	O
,	O
it	O
focuses	O
on	O
performance	O
improvements	O
,	O
security	O
enhancements	O
,	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
in	O
this	O
release	O
include	O
ability	O
to	O
query	O
graphics	O
vector	O
data	O
at	B-Library
runtime	I-Library
,	O
full-screen	O
permission	O
dialog	O
user	O
interface	O
improvements	O
,	O
ability	O
to	O
load	O
SWFs	O
at	B-Library
runtime	I-Library
when	O
deploying	O
as	O
an	O
AIR	O
application	O
in	O
AOT	O
mode	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
finer-grained	O
control	O
over	O
supported	O
display	O
resolution	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
devices	O
when	O
deploying	O
as	O
an	O
AIR	O
application	O
,	O
HiDPI	O
support	O
for	O
Flash	O
Professional	O
,	O
and	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
access	O
to	O
fast	O
memory	O
operations/intrinsics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.7	O
:	O
Released	O
in	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
code-named	O
"	O
Geary	O
"	O
,	O
this	O
release	O
focuses	O
on	O
premium	O
video	O
,	O
gaming	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
of	O
the	O
features	O
planned	O
for	O
this	O
release	O
Android	B-Application
captive	O
runtime	B-Device
debugging	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
OUYA	B-Application
controller	O
,	O
remote	O
hosting	O
of	O
SWF	O
files	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
,	O
and	O
preventing	O
backup	O
of	O
shared	O
objects	O
on	O
iOS	B-Application
for	O
better	O
iCloud	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
11.8	O
:	O
Adobe	O
was	O
planning	O
to	O
release	O
this	O
version	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
half	O
of	O
2013	O
,	O
code-named	O
"	O
Harrison	O
"	O
This	O
release	O
focused	O
on	O
premium	O
video	O
,	O
gaming	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
and	O
stability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Flash	O
5	O
in	O
September	O
2000	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
actions	O
"	O
from	O
Flash	O
4	O
were	O
enhanced	O
once	O
more	O
and	O
named	O
"	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
"	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
with	O
influences	O
from	O
JavaScript	B-Language
and	O
the	O
ECMA-262	B-Language
(	O
Third	O
Edition	O
)	O
standard	O
,	O
supporting	O
the	O
said	O
standard	O
's	O
object	O
model	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
its	O
core	O
data	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Local	O
variables	O
may	O
be	O
declared	O
with	O
the	O
statement	O
,	O
and	O
user-defined	O
functions	O
with	O
parameter	O
passing	O
and	O
return	B-Language
values	I-Language
can	O
also	O
be	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Notably	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
could	O
now	O
also	O
be	O
typed	O
with	O
a	O
text	O
editor	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
assembled	O
by	O
choosing	O
actions	O
from	O
drop-down	O
lists	O
and	O
dialog	O
box	O
controls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
next	O
release	O
of	O
its	O
authoring	O
tool	O
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
MX	I-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
its	O
corresponding	O
player	O
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
,	O
the	O
language	O
remained	O
essentially	O
unchanged	O
;	O
there	O
were	O
only	O
minor	O
changes	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
the	O
statement	O
and	O
the	O
"	O
strict	O
equality	O
"	O
(	O
)	O
operator	O
,	O
which	O
brought	O
it	O
closer	O
to	O
being	O
ECMA-262-compliant	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
important	O
features	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
that	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
later	O
versions	O
are	O
its	O
loose	O
type	O
system	O
and	O
its	O
reliance	O
on	O
prototype-based	B-Application
inheritance	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
for	O
rapid	O
script	O
development	O
and	O
is	O
particularly	O
well-suited	O
for	O
small-scale	O
scripting	B-Language
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prototype-based	B-Application
inheritance	B-Language
is	O
the	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
mechanism	O
for	O
code	O
reuse	O
and	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Instead	O
of	O
a	O
keyword	O
that	O
defines	O
common	O
characteristics	O
of	O
a	O
class	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
uses	O
a	O
special	O
object	O
that	O
serves	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
prototype	O
"	O
for	O
a	O
class	O
of	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
next	O
major	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
,	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
September	O
2003	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
MX	I-Operating_System
2004	O
and	O
its	O
corresponding	O
player	O
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
user	O
demand	O
for	O
a	O
language	O
better	O
equipped	O
for	O
larger	O
and	O
more	O
complex	O
applications	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
featured	O
compile-time	B-Application
type	O
checking	O
and	O
class-based	B-Application
syntax	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
keywords	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
While	O
this	O
allowed	O
for	O
a	O
more	O
structured	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
approach	O
,	O
the	O
code	O
would	O
still	O
be	O
compiled	O
to	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
bytecode	O
,	O
allowing	O
it	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
preceding	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
6	I-Operating_System
as	O
well	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
the	O
class-based	B-Application
inheritance	B-Language
syntax	O
was	O
a	O
layer	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
prototype-based	B-Application
system	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
,	O
developers	O
could	O
constrain	O
variables	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
type	O
by	O
adding	O
a	O
type	O
annotation	O
so	O
that	O
type	O
mismatch	O
errors	O
could	O
be	O
found	O
at	O
compile-time	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
also	O
introduced	O
class-based	B-Application
inheritance	B-Language
syntax	O
so	O
that	O
developers	O
could	O
create	O
classes	O
and	O
interfaces	O
,	O
much	O
as	O
they	O
would	O
in	O
class-based	B-Application
languages	I-Application
such	O
as	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
version	O
conformed	O
partially	O
to	O
the	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
Fourth	O
Edition	O
draft	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2006	O
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
debuted	O
with	O
Adobe	B-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
2.0	I-Operating_System
and	O
its	O
corresponding	O
player	O
,	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
was	O
a	O
fundamental	O
restructuring	O
of	O
the	O
language	O
,	O
so	O
much	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
uses	O
an	O
entirely	O
different	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
9	I-Operating_System
contains	O
two	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
AVM1	O
for	O
code	O
written	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
and	O
2.0	O
,	O
and	O
AVM2	B-Language
for	O
content	O
written	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
added	O
limited	O
support	O
for	O
hardware	O
acceleration	O
(	O
DirectX	B-Application
,	O
OpenGL	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compile-time	B-Application
and	O
run-time	B-Library
type	O
checking	O
—	O
type	O
information	O
exists	O
at	O
both	O
compile-time	B-Application
and	O
runtime	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Improved	O
performance	O
from	O
a	O
class-based	B-Application
inheritance	B-Language
system	O
separate	O
from	O
the	O
prototype-based	B-Application
inheritance	B-Language
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
packages	B-Language
,	O
namespaces	O
,	O
and	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compiles	O
to	O
an	O
entirely	O
new	O
type	O
of	O
bytecode	O
,	O
incompatible	O
with	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
1.0	O
and	O
2.0	O
bytecode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revised	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
organized	O
into	O
packages	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unified	O
event	O
handling	O
system	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
DOM	B-Application
event	I-Application
handling	I-Application
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Integration	O
of	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
for	I-Language
XML	I-Language
(	O
E4X	B-Language
)	O
for	O
purposes	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Direct	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
Flash	O
runtime	B-Device
display	O
list	O
for	O
complete	O
control	O
of	O
what	O
gets	O
displayed	O
at	B-Library
runtime	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
Completely	O
conforming	O
implementation	O
of	O
the	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
fourth	O
edition	O
draft	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
1.0	O
:	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
is	O
the	O
Flash	O
technology	O
specifically	O
developed	O
for	O
mobile	O
phones	O
and	O
consumer	O
electronics	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supports	O
Flash	O
4	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
1.1	I-Operating_System
:	O
Flash	O
4	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
support	O
and	O
additional	O
device	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
2.0	O
and	O
2.1	O
:	O
Added	O
support	O
for	O
Flash	O
7	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
and	O
some	O
additional	O
fscommand2	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
3	O
:	O
Added	O
support	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
8	I-Operating_System
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
and	O
also	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
video	O
playback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Flash	B-Operating_System
Lite	I-Operating_System
4	O
:	O
Added	O
support	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
10	I-Operating_System
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
as	O
a	O
browser	O
plugin	O
and	O
also	O
hardware	O
graphics	B-Architecture
acceleration	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Adobe	B-Operating_System
AIR	I-Operating_System
supports	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
some	O
extended	O
contents	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Stage3D	B-Operating_System
engine	O
Adobe	O
has	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
number	O
of	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
(	O
Application	O
programming	O
interfaces	O
)	O
available	O
to	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
has	O
also	O
risen	O
dramatically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
code	O
is	O
free	B-Language
form	I-Language
and	O
thus	O
may	O
be	O
created	O
with	O
whichever	O
amount	O
or	O
style	O
of	O
whitespace	O
that	O
the	O
author	O
desires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
basic	O
syntax	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
writing	O
external	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
class	O
files	O
the	O
above	O
example	O
could	O
be	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
file	O
named	O
as	O
following	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
has	O
a	O
similar	O
syntax	O
to	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
,	O
but	O
a	O
different	O
set	O
of	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
for	O
creating	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compare	O
the	O
script	O
below	O
to	O
the	O
previous	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
version	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Minimal	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
programs	O
may	O
be	O
somewhat	O
larger	O
and	O
more	O
complicated	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
increased	O
separation	O
of	O
the	O
programming	O
language	O
and	O
the	O
Flash	O
IDE	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
MXML	B-Operating_System
files	O
when	O
using	O
Apache	B-Operating_System
's	I-Operating_System
Flex	I-Operating_System
framework	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
primarily	O
consists	O
of	O
"	O
fundamental	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
simple	O
"	O
data	O
types	O
that	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
other	O
data	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
data	O
types	O
are	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
Java	B-Language
data	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
was	O
a	O
complete	O
rewrite	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2	O
,	O
the	O
data	O
types	O
and	O
their	O
inheritances	B-Language
have	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
for	O
the	O
grouping	O
of	O
methods	O
,	O
functions	O
,	O
parameters	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
objects.ActionScript	O
2	O
complex	O
data	O
typesThere	O
are	O
additional	O
"	O
complex	O
"	O
data	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MovieClip	O
+	O
An	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
creation	O
that	O
allows	O
easy	O
usage	O
of	O
visible	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
previous	O
versions	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
undefined	O
was	O
the	O
default	O
value	O
for	O
instances	O
of	O
the	O
Object	O
class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
,	O
the	O
default	O
value	O
for	O
Object	O
instances	O
is	O
boolean.ActionScript	O
3	O
some	O
complex	O
data	O
types	O
Array	O
+	O
Contains	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3	O
is	O
a	O
strongly	O
typed	O
language	O
,	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
an	O
Array	O
may	O
be	O
of	O
any	O
type	O
and	O
values	O
must	O
be	O
cast	O
back	O
to	O
their	O
original	O
type	O
after	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Error	O
–	O
A	O
generic	O
error	O
no	O
object	O
that	O
allows	O
runtime	B-Library
error	I-Library
reporting	O
when	O
thrown	O
as	O
an	O
exception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
flash.media:Video	O
–	O
A	O
video	O
playback	O
object	O
supporting	O
direct	O
(	O
progressive	O
download	O
)	O
or	O
streaming	O
(	O
RTMP	B-Operating_System
)	O
transports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
version	O
9.0.15.0	O
,	O
the	O
H.264/MP4	O
high-definition	O
video	O
format	O
is	O
also	O
supported	O
alongside	O
standard	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
video	I-Operating_System
(	O
FLV	B-Operating_System
)	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
flash.utils:Dictionary	O
–	O
Dictionaries	B-Application
are	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
Object	O
that	O
may	O
contain	O
keys	O
of	O
any	O
data	O
type	O
(	O
whereas	O
Object	O
always	O
uses	O
strings	O
for	O
its	O
keys	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Object	O
class	O
serves	O
as	O
the	O
base	O
class	O
for	O
all	O
class	O
definitions	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Objects	O
in	O
their	O
basic	O
form	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
as	O
associative	B-Application
arrays	I-Application
that	O
contain	O
key-value	O
pairs	O
,	O
where	O
keys	O
are	O
Not	O
Strings	O
and	O
values	O
may	O
be	O
any	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RegExp	B-Language
–	O
A	O
regular	B-Language
expression	I-Language
object	O
for	O
strings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Vector	O
–	O
A	O
variant	O
of	O
array	O
supported	O
when	O
publishing	O
for	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
7	I-Operating_System
or	O
above	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XML	B-Protocol
–	O
A	O
revised	O
XML	B-Protocol
object	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
E4X	B-Language
(	O
Standard	O
ECMA-357	B-Language
)	O
;	O
nodes	O
and	O
attributes	O
are	O
accessed	O
differently	O
from	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
2.0	O
object	O
(	O
a	O
legacy	O
class	O
named	O
XMLDocument	O
is	O
provided	O
for	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
some	O
object-oriented	B-Language
languages	I-Language
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
makes	O
no	O
distinction	O
between	O
primitive	O
types	O
and	O
reference	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
,	O
all	O
variables	O
are	O
reference	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
XML	B-Protocol
is	O
passed	O
to	O
a	O
function	O
,	O
altering	O
that	O
variable	O
inside	O
the	O
function	O
will	O
alter	O
the	O
original	O
variable	O
as	O
well	O
,	O
as	O
no	O
new	O
XML	B-Protocol
Object	O
is	O
created	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
reference	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
pointer	O
to	O
an	O
instance	O
of	O
a	O
class	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
objects	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
are	O
accessed	O
through	O
references	O
instead	O
of	O
being	O
accessed	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Removal	O
of	O
actual	O
objects	O
and	O
data	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
Flash	B-Operating_System
Player	I-Operating_System
garbage	O
collector	O
which	O
checks	O
for	O
any	O
existing	O
references	O
in	O
the	O
Flash	O
memory	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
,	O
memory	O
management	O
in	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
requires	O
careful	O
application	O
development	O
planning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
most	O
bytecode	O
file	O
formats	O
,	O
Flash	O
SWF	O
files	O
can	O
be	O
decompiled	B-Application
into	O
their	O
source	O
code	O
and	O
assets	O
(	O
similarly	O
to	O
how	O
Microsoft	B-Application
.NET	I-Application
files	O
can	O
be	O
decompiled	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
decompilers	B-Application
are	O
capable	O
of	O
nearly	O
full	O
reconstruction	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
source	O
file	O
,	O
down	O
to	O
the	O
actual	O
code	O
that	O
was	O
used	O
during	O
creation	O
(	O
although	O
results	O
vary	O
on	O
a	O
case-by-case	O
basis	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
opposition	O
to	O
the	O
decompilers	B-Application
,	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
obfuscators	O
have	O
been	O
introduced	O
,	O
which	O
transform	O
code	O
into	O
a	O
form	O
that	O
breaks	O
decompiler	B-Application
output	O
while	O
preserving	O
the	O
functionality	O
and	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Higher-quality	O
obfuscators	O
implement	O
lexical	O
transformations	O
such	O
as	O
identifier	O
renaming	O
,	O
control	O
flow	O
transformation	O
,	O
and	O
data	O
abstraction	O
transformation	O
which	O
collectively	O
make	O
it	O
harder	O
for	O
decompilers	B-Application
to	O
generate	O
output	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
useful	O
to	O
a	O
human	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Less	O
robust	O
obfuscators	O
insert	O
traps	O
for	O
decompilers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
obfuscators	O
either	O
cause	O
the	O
decompiler	B-Application
software	O
to	O
crash	O
unexpectedly	O
or	O
to	O
generate	O
unintelligible	O
source	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
is	O
an	O
example	O
of	O
ActionScript	B-Operating_System
3.0	O
code	O
generated	O
by	O
a	O
decompiler	B-Application
program	O
,	O
before	O
and	O
after	O
obfuscation	O
.	O
</s>
