<s>
In	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
,	O
an	O
access	B-Device
key	I-Device
or	O
accesskey	B-Device
allows	O
a	O
computer	O
user	O
to	O
immediately	O
jump	O
to	O
a	O
specific	O
web	O
page	O
via	O
the	O
keyboard	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
introduced	O
in	O
1999	O
and	O
quickly	O
achieved	O
near-universal	O
browser	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
2002	O
,	O
a	O
Canadian	O
Web	O
Accessibility	O
consultancy	O
did	O
an	O
informal	O
survey	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
implementing	O
accesskeys	B-Device
caused	O
issues	O
for	O
users	O
of	O
adaptive	O
technology	O
,	O
especially	O
screen	O
reading	O
technology	O
used	O
by	O
blind	O
and	O
low	O
vision	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
users	O
require	O
numerous	O
keyboard	B-Device
shortcuts	O
to	O
access	O
web	O
pages	O
,	O
as	O
“	O
pointing	O
and	O
clicking	O
”	O
a	O
mouse	O
is	O
not	O
an	O
option	O
for	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Their	O
research	O
showed	O
that	O
most	O
key	O
stroke	O
combinations	O
did	O
in	O
fact	O
present	O
a	O
conflict	O
for	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
of	O
these	O
technologies	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
final	O
recommendation	O
was	O
to	O
avoid	O
using	O
accesskeys	B-Device
altogether	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
XHTML	O
2	O
,	O
a	O
revised	O
web	O
authoring	O
language	O
,	O
the	O
HTML	O
Working	O
Group	O
of	O
the	O
World	O
Wide	O
Web	O
Consortium	O
deprecated	O
the	O
accesskey	B-Device
attribute	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
the	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
XHTML	O
2	O
has	O
been	O
retired	O
in	O
favor	O
of	O
HTML5	B-Application
,	O
which	O
(	O
as	O
of	O
August	O
2009	O
)	O
continues	O
to	O
permit	O
accesskeys	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
more	O
complete	O
list	O
of	O
which	O
browsers	B-Application
support	O
the	O
HTML	O
Access	B-Device
keys	I-Device
,	O
please	O
see	O
how	O
they	O
are	O
compared	O
in	O
the	O
comparison	O
of	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
on	O
Mac	O
(	O
v14.0.1	O
and	O
higher	O
)	O
Prior	O
to	O
version	O
2	O
,	O
Firefox	B-Application
used	O
just	O
Alt	B-Device
;	O
configurable	O
via	O
about:configInternet	O
ExplorerPrior	O
to	O
IE8	O
,	O
+	O
Access	B-Device
Key	I-Device
focused	O
on	O
the	O
element	O
,	O
but	O
required	O
to	O
be	O
pressed	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
activate	O
the	O
element	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
on	O
Mac	O
Opera	O
12+The	O
modifier	B-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
released	O
before	O
the	O
regular	O
key	O
is	O
pressed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
multiple	O
identical	O
accesskeys	B-Device
are	O
assigned	O
within	O
the	O
same	O
document	O
,	O
IE	O
will	O
tab	O
through	O
them	O
on	O
each	O
keypress	O
(	O
IE	O
will	O
tab	O
backwards	O
if	O
is	O
pressed	O
as	O
well	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
way	O
,	O
elements	O
can	O
be	O
logically	O
grouped	O
in	O
various	O
accesskey	B-Device
rings	O
for	O
easier	O
navigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IE	O
4.0	O
only	O
supported	O
letters	O
of	O
the	O
English	O
alphabet	O
as	O
accesskeys	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Firefox	B-Application
2.0	O
will	O
activate	O
the	O
last	O
of	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
elements	O
assigned	O
the	O
same	O
accesskey	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Access	B-Device
keys	I-Device
are	O
specified	O
in	O
HTML	O
using	O
the	O
accesskey	B-Device
attribute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
value	O
of	O
an	O
element	O
’s	O
accesskey	B-Device
attribute	O
is	O
the	O
key	O
the	O
user	O
will	O
press	O
(	O
typically	O
in	O
combination	O
with	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
other	O
keys	O
,	O
as	O
defined	O
by	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
)	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
activate	O
or	O
focus	O
that	O
element	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
the	O
accesskey	B-Device
attribute	O
sets	O
the	O
key	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
pressed	O
,	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
automatically	O
notify	O
the	O
user	O
of	O
the	O
bound	O
access	B-Device
key	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
convention	O
is	O
for	O
the	O
page	O
author	O
to	O
show	O
the	O
access	B-Device
key	I-Device
value	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
u	O
tag	O
to	O
underline	O
the	O
letter	O
in	O
the	O
link	O
’s	O
text	O
corresponding	O
to	O
the	O
accesskey	B-Device
assigned	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
link	O
below	O
,	O
a	O
user	O
would	O
press	O
+	O
on	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
+	O
on	O
a	O
Mac	O
(	O
the	O
command	O
key	O
can	O
give	O
undesired	O
results	O
)	O
and	O
++	O
on	O
Opera	B-Application
to	O
be	O
directed	O
to	O
index.html	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
possible	O
way	O
of	O
displaying	O
which	O
accesskeys	B-Device
do	O
what	O
is	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
page	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
accesskeys	B-Device
displayed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
option	O
for	O
the	O
end	O
user	O
is	O
to	O
install	O
a	O
user	O
script	O
such	O
as	O
FireFox	B-Application
Access	O
Bar	O
for	O
GreaseMonkey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
a	O
standard	O
emerged	O
using	O
numbers	O
,	O
which	O
promotes	O
consistency	O
for	O
users	O
,	O
and	O
enables	O
the	O
increased	O
predictability	O
of	O
keyboard	B-Device
shortcuts	O
on	O
different	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ten	O
years	O
later	O
,	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
an	O
updated	O
and	O
more	O
comprehensive	O
standard	O
using	O
both	O
letters	O
and	O
numbers	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
breathe	O
new	O
life	O
into	O
browser	B-Application
access	B-Device
key	I-Device
standardization	O
efforts	O
.	O
</s>
